城市防灾避难空间优化模型
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摘要
随着我国城市化程度的提高,城市建设在单位土地上的集聚程度比以往任何时候都高,城市灾害放大效应更加明显,防灾避难空间规划显得尤为重要。按照城市级、区级、社区级3个层次对防灾空间分布提出了分布优化模型,防灾空间面积的大小根据各防灾空间所覆盖人口数量确定。给出疏散道路宽度与人流密度、疏散人口数量的动态优化模型。本文为基于GIS系统的城市防灾避难空间动态优化设计提供了基础。
With the development of our country's urbanization,the accumulation of urban construction on unit land is higher than any former time.The magnification of city disaster is more serious.So the planning of disaster prevention space is especially important.The distribution optimization model of the three levels' disaster prevention space which are city level's,the district level's and the community level's was proposed.The area of each disaster prevention space is determined by the population size covered by each disaster prevention space.The dynamic optimization model was given about the relationship of the width of disperse passage with the density of stream of people and the scattered population quantity.This paper will give supports for further research on dynamic optimization design of urban disaster prevention space based on the GIS system.
With the development of our country's urbanization,the accumulation of urban construction on unit land is higher than any former time.The magnification of city disaster is more serious.So the planning of disaster prevention space is especially important.The distribution optimization model of the three levels' disaster prevention space which are city level's,the district level's and the community level's was proposed.The area of each disaster prevention space is determined by the population size covered by each disaster prevention space.The dynamic optimization model was given about the relationship of the width of disperse passage with the density of stream of people and the scattered population quantity.This paper will give supports for further research on dynamic optimization design of urban disaster prevention space based on the GIS system.
引文
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[3]陈志宗,尤建新.城市防灾减灾设施的层级选址问题建模[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(2):131-135(ChenZhizong,You Jianxin.A modeling approach to hierarchicallocation problem of urban disaster prevention andmitigation facilities[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(2):131-135(in Chinese))
[4]石源荣一.防灾公园之规划与设计[M].日本SANKI顾问公司环境计画部,1998
[5]方正,卢兆明.试论建筑物人员疏散的量化研究[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2002,35(2):71-75(Fang Zheng,Lu Zhaoming.On quantitative study of evacuation inbuildings[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2002,35(2):71-75(in Chinese))
[6]陈涛.火灾情况下人员疏散模型及应用研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005
[7]Philip J D,Craigl B,Richard L P,et al.SFPE Handbook ofFire Protection Engineering[M].Boston:National FireProtection Association,1995
[8]刘海燕.基于城市综合防灾的城市形态优化研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005
[9]Lo S M,People in fires-a study of the behavioural reactionsofpeople in a fire incident inHongKong[J].Fire EngineeringJournal,1996,(6):21-25
[10]李传贵,张晓锋.城市灾害与应急避难场所规划问题分析[J].安全,2006,(5):5-7(Li Chuangui,Zhang Xiaofeng.Analysis of urban disaster and planning of urban urgentrefuges problem[J].Safety,2006,(5):5-7(in Chinese))