石油地震纵横波速度层析成像
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摘要
本文以分层均匀"多层介质模型"为依据,正演模拟多炮人工地面地震记录。其观测方式为:三炮位置分别在1500m,2500m,3500m处;道检距25m,140道(或道检距5m,700道),偏移距1000m。为提高地震反射层析成像的精度,运用"走时最小纵横波速度层析成像"与"波形基本解纵横波速度层析成像"相结合的方法,反演各层界面形状及各层纵波、横波速度,这是本文的特点。反演结果图与"多层介质模型"基本一致,相对误差小于5%,达到实际部门的要求。我们在数学上发展了"层析成像"的内容,如探索出求二维场强公式用一维基本解表示,因此大大提高了数值计算速度,具有一定的实用与理论价值。用"ProMAX软件"分析实际地震数据,获得地下11层垂直剖面图与纵横波速度层析成像结果。"项目程序系统"可供相关部门实际参考使用。
This paper study simulates artificial surface seismic record of multiple-shot on the base of "uniform-layer multi-medium model"(as shown in Figure 10).The observation method is:three shot positions at 1 500 m,2 500 m,3 500 m;road distance 25 m,140 road(or road distance 5 m,700 road),offset 1 000 m.Combining the method of"P and S seismic wave's velocity tomography of minimum travel time"with"P and S seismic waves velocity tomography of wave fundamental solution"to invert the interface shape and the velocity of P and S seismic wave of each layer.With the principle of"The simpler the better",we only put three shots to the "multi-medium model",then using the"minimization of travel time"and"boundary conditions"to replace the conventional multi-shots,so we can reduce the computation greatly.After then,supposing the shot and receiver points are known,we programming to compute the reflected wave's travel time from the shot points to receiver points.We developed the content of CT,and explored one-dimensional fundamental solution's important role in expressing the field intensity,which could highlight the characteristics of our work.Finally,analyzing the actual seismic data with"Pro MAX software"to revise the process above,then getting the vertical sectional drawing of 11 ground floors and also the result of petroleum P and S seismic wave's velocity tomography.
This paper study simulates artificial surface seismic record of multiple-shot on the base of "uniform-layer multi-medium model"(as shown in Figure 10).The observation method is:three shot positions at 1 500 m,2 500 m,3 500 m;road distance 25 m,140 road(or road distance 5 m,700 road),offset 1 000 m.Combining the method of"P and S seismic wave's velocity tomography of minimum travel time"with"P and S seismic waves velocity tomography of wave fundamental solution"to invert the interface shape and the velocity of P and S seismic wave of each layer.With the principle of"The simpler the better",we only put three shots to the "multi-medium model",then using the"minimization of travel time"and"boundary conditions"to replace the conventional multi-shots,so we can reduce the computation greatly.After then,supposing the shot and receiver points are known,we programming to compute the reflected wave's travel time from the shot points to receiver points.We developed the content of CT,and explored one-dimensional fundamental solution's important role in expressing the field intensity,which could highlight the characteristics of our work.Finally,analyzing the actual seismic data with"Pro MAX software"to revise the process above,then getting the vertical sectional drawing of 11 ground floors and also the result of petroleum P and S seismic wave's velocity tomography.
引文
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[13]李鹏,周仕勇,陈永顺,等.利用双平面波干涉面波层析成像方法研究山西断陷盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三维速度结构[J].CT理论与应用研究,2010,19(3):47-60.Li P,Zhou SY,Chen YS,et al.3D velocity structure in Shanxi graben and Ordos from two plane waves method[J].CT Theory and Applications,2010,19(3):47-60.
[14]王志铄,王椿墉,曾融生,等.华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像[J].CT理论与应用研究,2008,16(2):15-27.Wang ZS,Wang CY,Zeng RS,et al.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structures beneath North China and its vicinity[J].CT Theory and Applications,2008,16(2):15-27.
[2]陈立成.层析成像的数学方法与应用[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1994:6-10.Chen LC.Mathematical methods of computer tomography and its applications[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1994:6-10.
[3]张朋,张兆田.几种CT图像重建算法的比较[C]//第九届中国体视学会与图像分析学术会议,2001:63-64.Zhang P,Zhang ZT.Research and comparison of several CT reconstruction algorithms[C]//Proceedings of9th conference of the Chinese society for stereology,2001:63-64
[4]Wang YH,Rao Y.Crosshole seismic waveform tomography-I:Strategy for real data application[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,166(3):1224-1236.
[5]Rao Y,Wang YH,Morgan JV.Crosshole seismic waveform tomography-II:Resolution analysis[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,166(3):1237-1248.
[6]Mishra OP,Zhao D,Umino N,et al.Tomography of northeast Japan forearc and its implications for interpolate seismic coupling[J].Geophys Res Lett,2003,30(16):1850-1853.
[7]Chiu SKL,Kanasewich ER,Phadke.Three-dimensional determination of structure and velocity by seismic tomography[J].Geophysics,1986,51:1559.
[8]杨文采.地球物理反演和地震层析成像[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:1-14.Yang WC.Geophysicak inversion and seismic tomography[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989:1-14.
[9]Haberman R.实用偏微分方程[M].4版.北京:机械工业出版社,2008:1-100.Haberman R.Applied partial differential equations[M].4ed.Beijing:China Machine Press,2008:1-100..
[10]朱光明,曹建章.高斯射线束合成地震记录[M],西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993:1-50.Zhu GM,CaoJZ,Gaussian beams synthetic seismic data[M].Xian:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press,1993:1-33.
[11]赵鸿儒,郭铁栓,徐子君,等.工程多波地震勘探[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:13-85.Zhao HR,Guo TS,Xu ZJ,et al.Seismic exploration by multiple waves[M].Beijing:Seismology Press,1996:13-85.
[12]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上·下册)[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:189-220.Lu JM.The principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:Chinese Petroleum University Press,2006:189-220.
[13]李鹏,周仕勇,陈永顺,等.利用双平面波干涉面波层析成像方法研究山西断陷盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三维速度结构[J].CT理论与应用研究,2010,19(3):47-60.Li P,Zhou SY,Chen YS,et al.3D velocity structure in Shanxi graben and Ordos from two plane waves method[J].CT Theory and Applications,2010,19(3):47-60.
[14]王志铄,王椿墉,曾融生,等.华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像[J].CT理论与应用研究,2008,16(2):15-27.Wang ZS,Wang CY,Zeng RS,et al.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structures beneath North China and its vicinity[J].CT Theory and Applications,2008,16(2):15-27.