安徽省土壤侵蚀空间分布及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
基于USLE和GIS空间分析技术,对安徽省土壤侵蚀空间分布进行了定量研究,分析了土壤侵蚀空间分布与地形、土壤类型、土地利用方式的关系。结果表明:安徽省2002年平均土壤侵蚀模数为249.5t/km2.a,土壤侵蚀总量为33599148t/a。土壤侵蚀空间分布呈块状分布特征。淮北平原地区土壤侵蚀较弱,皖南丘陵山区和皖西大别山区土壤侵蚀较严重。在不同高程带上,200～500m高程带土壤侵蚀最强;不同坡度等级中,15°～25°坡度上的土壤侵蚀最强,>35°坡地上则较弱;不同坡向中,东南坡土壤侵蚀最强,其次是东坡;不同用地类型的土壤侵蚀程度不同,草地的土壤侵蚀最为严重,其次是林地;在各种土壤类型中,紫色土和黄褐土的土壤侵蚀最为突出,棕壤的土壤侵蚀微弱。
Based on universal soil loss equation and GIS spatial analysis technique,the authors studied the spatial distribution of soil erosion in Anhui Province.The relationships between soil erosion and terrain,soil types,land uses were investigated in this paper.The results showed that the mean soil erosive modulus is 249.5 t/km2.a and the total amount of soil erosion is 33599148 t/a in 2002.Minute erosion area is predominant,occupying 118391 km2 or 87.9% of the region.Moderate erosion occupies the largest amount(13533009 t/a,40.3% of the region).Intense erosion area is small,occupying 612 km2 or 0.5% of the total area;Intense erosion amount is 104018 t/a,or 0.3% of the total amount.Spatially,soil erosion is featured by obvious block distribution.The soil erosion is weaker in Huaibei Plain,but stronger in hilly mountain of southern Anhui and Dabie Mountain of western Anhui.Soil erosion is the strongest from 200 m to 500 m in different elevation zones in the study area.In the case of different slope gradients,soil erosion at 15°-25° is the strongest and that >35° is the weakest.In different aspects,soil erosion in the southeast is the strongest,but soil erosion in the east is intermediate.The strongest erosion occurs in grassland soil of different land use types,followed by forestland soil;Erosions in purple soil and yellow-brown soil are most prominent,but erosion in brown soil is the weakest.As a whole,the results can help recognize spatial distribution pattern of regional soil erosion and provide scientific basis for soil and water conservation and sustainable land use.
Based on universal soil loss equation and GIS spatial analysis technique,the authors studied the spatial distribution of soil erosion in Anhui Province.The relationships between soil erosion and terrain,soil types,land uses were investigated in this paper.The results showed that the mean soil erosive modulus is 249.5 t/km2.a and the total amount of soil erosion is 33599148 t/a in 2002.Minute erosion area is predominant,occupying 118391 km2 or 87.9% of the region.Moderate erosion occupies the largest amount(13533009 t/a,40.3% of the region).Intense erosion area is small,occupying 612 km2 or 0.5% of the total area;Intense erosion amount is 104018 t/a,or 0.3% of the total amount.Spatially,soil erosion is featured by obvious block distribution.The soil erosion is weaker in Huaibei Plain,but stronger in hilly mountain of southern Anhui and Dabie Mountain of western Anhui.Soil erosion is the strongest from 200 m to 500 m in different elevation zones in the study area.In the case of different slope gradients,soil erosion at 15°-25° is the strongest and that >35° is the weakest.In different aspects,soil erosion in the southeast is the strongest,but soil erosion in the east is intermediate.The strongest erosion occurs in grassland soil of different land use types,followed by forestland soil;Erosions in purple soil and yellow-brown soil are most prominent,but erosion in brown soil is the weakest.As a whole,the results can help recognize spatial distribution pattern of regional soil erosion and provide scientific basis for soil and water conservation and sustainable land use.
引文
[1]潘剑君,赵其国,张桃林.江西省兴国县、余江县土壤侵蚀时空变化研究.土壤学报,2002,39(1):58～64.
[2]赖彦斌,王静爱,赵金涛.基于多源地图信息重组的土壤侵蚀背景值图编制.地理研究,2005,24(3):480～486.
[3]Pan J J,Zhang T L,Zhao Q G.Dynamics of soil erosionin Xinguo county,China,determined using remote sens-ing and GIS.Pedosphere,2005,15(3):356～362.
[4]MatthewJ C,Keith D S,Markus G W.Empirical reformulation of the universal soil loss equationfor erosion riskassessment in a tropical watershed.Geoderma,2005,124:235～252.
[5]许月卿,蔡运龙,等.土地利用变化的土壤侵蚀效应评价——西南喀斯特山区的一个研究案例.北京:科学出版社,2008.
[6]郑粉莉,刘峰,杨勤科,等.土壤侵蚀预报模型研究进展.水土保持通报,200l,21(6):16～18.
[7]陈法扬,王志明.通用土壤流失方程在小良水土保持试验站的应用.水土保持通报,1992,12(l):23～41.
[8]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究.水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1～9.
[9]黄炎和,卢程隆,付勤,等.闽东南土壤流失预报研究.水土保持学报,1993,7(4):13～18.
[10]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省土壤流失预报研究.水土保持学报,1995,9(1):25～30.
[11]孙希华.基于遥感和GIS的山东山丘区土壤侵蚀调查研究.山东师大学报(自然科学版),2001,16(2):168～172.
[12]赵玉国,张甘霖,龚子同.SOTER支持下海南岛土壤侵蚀模拟与影响因子分析.土壤通报,2003,34(3):219～224.
[13]杨子生.滇东北山区坡耕地土壤流失方程研究.水土保持通报,1999,19(1):1～9.
[14]杨子生.云南省金沙江流域土壤流失方程研究.山地学报,2000,20(增刊):1～9.
[15]唐政洪,蔡强国.我国主要土壤侵蚀产沙模型研究评述.山地学报,2002,20(4):466～475.
[16]江忠善,王志强,刘志.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀空间变化定量研究.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(1):1～10.
[17]蔡国强,陆兆熊,王贵平.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域侵蚀产沙过程模型.地理学报,1996,51(2):108～116.
[18]景可,张信宝.长江中上游土壤自然侵蚀量及其估算方法.地理研究,2007,26(1):67～74.
[19]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究.水土保持学报,2001,15(1):14～19.
[20]姚华荣,杨志峰,崔保山.GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析.地理研究,2006,25(3):421～429.
[21]刘康,康艳,曹明明,等.基于GIS的陕西省水土流失敏感性评价.水土保持学报,2004,18(5):168～170.
[22]胡良军,李锐,杨勤科.基于GIS的区域水土流失评价研究.土壤学报,2001,38(2):167～175.
[23]孙希华,闫福江.基于遥感和GIS的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度评价研究——以青岛市为例.土壤,2004,36(5):516～521.
[24]杨胜天,程红光,步青松,等.全国土壤侵蚀量估算及其在吸附态氮磷流失量匡算中的应用.环境科学学报,2006,26(3):366～374.
[25]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值.水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13～18.
[26]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradi ment effects on soil loss for slopes.Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835～1840.
[27]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.104～108.
[28]McCool D K,Brown L C,Foster G R,et al.Revised slope steepness factor for the universal soil loss equation.Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(5):1387～1396.
[29]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究.水土保持学报,1995,9(2):19～24.
[2]赖彦斌,王静爱,赵金涛.基于多源地图信息重组的土壤侵蚀背景值图编制.地理研究,2005,24(3):480～486.
[3]Pan J J,Zhang T L,Zhao Q G.Dynamics of soil erosionin Xinguo county,China,determined using remote sens-ing and GIS.Pedosphere,2005,15(3):356～362.
[4]MatthewJ C,Keith D S,Markus G W.Empirical reformulation of the universal soil loss equationfor erosion riskassessment in a tropical watershed.Geoderma,2005,124:235～252.
[5]许月卿,蔡运龙,等.土地利用变化的土壤侵蚀效应评价——西南喀斯特山区的一个研究案例.北京:科学出版社,2008.
[6]郑粉莉,刘峰,杨勤科,等.土壤侵蚀预报模型研究进展.水土保持通报,200l,21(6):16～18.
[7]陈法扬,王志明.通用土壤流失方程在小良水土保持试验站的应用.水土保持通报,1992,12(l):23～41.
[8]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究.水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1～9.
[9]黄炎和,卢程隆,付勤,等.闽东南土壤流失预报研究.水土保持学报,1993,7(4):13～18.
[10]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省土壤流失预报研究.水土保持学报,1995,9(1):25～30.
[11]孙希华.基于遥感和GIS的山东山丘区土壤侵蚀调查研究.山东师大学报(自然科学版),2001,16(2):168～172.
[12]赵玉国,张甘霖,龚子同.SOTER支持下海南岛土壤侵蚀模拟与影响因子分析.土壤通报,2003,34(3):219～224.
[13]杨子生.滇东北山区坡耕地土壤流失方程研究.水土保持通报,1999,19(1):1～9.
[14]杨子生.云南省金沙江流域土壤流失方程研究.山地学报,2000,20(增刊):1～9.
[15]唐政洪,蔡强国.我国主要土壤侵蚀产沙模型研究评述.山地学报,2002,20(4):466～475.
[16]江忠善,王志强,刘志.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀空间变化定量研究.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(1):1～10.
[17]蔡国强,陆兆熊,王贵平.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域侵蚀产沙过程模型.地理学报,1996,51(2):108～116.
[18]景可,张信宝.长江中上游土壤自然侵蚀量及其估算方法.地理研究,2007,26(1):67～74.
[19]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究.水土保持学报,2001,15(1):14～19.
[20]姚华荣,杨志峰,崔保山.GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析.地理研究,2006,25(3):421～429.
[21]刘康,康艳,曹明明,等.基于GIS的陕西省水土流失敏感性评价.水土保持学报,2004,18(5):168～170.
[22]胡良军,李锐,杨勤科.基于GIS的区域水土流失评价研究.土壤学报,2001,38(2):167～175.
[23]孙希华,闫福江.基于遥感和GIS的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度评价研究——以青岛市为例.土壤,2004,36(5):516～521.
[24]杨胜天,程红光,步青松,等.全国土壤侵蚀量估算及其在吸附态氮磷流失量匡算中的应用.环境科学学报,2006,26(3):366～374.
[25]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值.水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13～18.
[26]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradi ment effects on soil loss for slopes.Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835～1840.
[27]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.104～108.
[28]McCool D K,Brown L C,Foster G R,et al.Revised slope steepness factor for the universal soil loss equation.Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(5):1387～1396.
[29]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究.水土保持学报,1995,9(2):19～24.
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