安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库尾砂重金属元素的迁移规律
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摘要
安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库使用期为1966—1990年,堆积了近1 308×104t尾矿,选择该尾矿库进行尾砂重金属迁移规律研究.结果表明:在自然风化条件下,Cu,As,Hg,Cd和Pb的淋滤迁移速度相对较快,Zn略慢;Zn,Pb,Hg和Cd在50~60 cm深处产生了二次富集;不同位置的尾砂中重金属迁移规律有一定差异,低洼区Zn,As和Cd等在表层形成局部富集,100 cm以内浅层尾砂中也有部分重金属元素二次富集;经过长期风化氧化和淋滤作用,浅层尾砂中的重金属元素易淋滤部分大多被淋失,风化后尾砂中Cu,Pb,As和Hg以残渣态为主要赋存形式,其含量占全量比例均大于35%,其次为铁锰氧化态,其中Zn和Cd以铁锰氧化态含量在表层最高.在尾矿库表面植草能减少扬尘,也可能造成部分重金属元素含量在表层异常升高,影响尾矿库的进一步改造和复垦.
The Yangshanchong tailings impoundment in Tongling mining area,Anhui Province,was investigated in order to determine the migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals in mine tailings.The tailings impoundment was in operation between 1966 and 1990,and approximately(1308)×10~4 t of tailings accumulated there.The results showed that the transfer rates of Cu,As,Hg,Cd,and Pb were relatively fast,while that of Zn was slower.Zn,Pb,Hg,and Cd got secondarily enriched 50~60 cm from the surface down.There was some discrepancies in the heavy metal migration characteristics in different places.At the shallower part of the tailings impoundment,Zn,As,and Cd deposited near the tailings surface,resulting in metal ions enrichment in the shallower part.The heavy metal transformation characteristics at different depths were dissimilar.Through the long process of weathering and eluviating chronically,the most easily eluviating heavy metals in tailings above 100 cm had been eluviated.The major existing state of Cu,Pb,As and Hg was the residual state,with the fraction being greater than 35%,and the secondary state was the Fe-Mn oxidation state.Surface grass planting can decrease dust flying upwards,but can also cause some elements to enrich,which might hinder the rehabilitation in the tailings impoundments.
The Yangshanchong tailings impoundment in Tongling mining area,Anhui Province,was investigated in order to determine the migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals in mine tailings.The tailings impoundment was in operation between 1966 and 1990,and approximately(1308)×10~4 t of tailings accumulated there.The results showed that the transfer rates of Cu,As,Hg,Cd,and Pb were relatively fast,while that of Zn was slower.Zn,Pb,Hg,and Cd got secondarily enriched 50~60 cm from the surface down.There was some discrepancies in the heavy metal migration characteristics in different places.At the shallower part of the tailings impoundment,Zn,As,and Cd deposited near the tailings surface,resulting in metal ions enrichment in the shallower part.The heavy metal transformation characteristics at different depths were dissimilar.Through the long process of weathering and eluviating chronically,the most easily eluviating heavy metals in tailings above 100 cm had been eluviated.The major existing state of Cu,Pb,As and Hg was the residual state,with the fraction being greater than 35%,and the secondary state was the Fe-Mn oxidation state.Surface grass planting can decrease dust flying upwards,but can also cause some elements to enrich,which might hinder the rehabilitation in the tailings impoundments.
引文
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[2]李玲,张国平,刘虹,等.广西大厂多金属矿区河流中Sb和As的迁移及环境影响[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):682-687.
[3]CONCAS A,ARDAU C,CRISTINI A,et al.Mobility of heavymetals from tailings to stream waters in a mining activitycontaminated site[J].Chemosphere,2006,63:244-253.
[4]S INZ A,GRADE J A,TORRE D L,et al.Characterization ofsequential leachate discharges of mining waste rock dumps in theTinto and Odiel rivers[J].Environ Manage,2002,64(4):345-353.
[5]DINELLI E,FEDERICO L,MIRIAM F,et al.Metal distributionand environmental problems related to sulfide oxidation in theLibiola copper mine area(Ligurian Apennines,Italy)[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2001,74(1/2/3):141-152.
[6]JOHAN L,BJ RN.The geochemical dynamics of oxidizing minetailings at Laver,northern Sweden[J].Journal of GeochemicalExploration,2001,74:57-72.
[7]BERNHARD D,LLUIS F.Element cycling and secondarymineralogy in porphyry copper tailings as a function of climate,primary mineralogy,and mineral processing[J].Journal ofGeochemical Exploration,2001,74:3-55.
[8]BERNHARD D,LLUIS F.Amineralogical and geochemical studyof element mobility in sulfide mine tailings of Fe oxide Cu-Audeposits from the Punta del Cobre belt,northern Chile[J].Chemical Geology,2002,189(3/4):135-163.
[9]MONCUR M C,PTACEK C J,BLOWES D W,et al.Release,transport and attenuation of metals from an old tailingsimpoundment[J].Applied Geochemistry,2005,20(3):639-659.
[10]MICHELLE P B,ADRIENE C L.A comparative mineralogicaland geochemical study of sulfide mine tailing at two sites in NewMexico,USA[J].Environ Geol,1998,33(2/3):130-142.
[11]HENNING H,URSULA J S,ERIK C,et al.Geochemicalinvestigations of sulfide-bearing tailings at Kristineberg,northernSweden,a few years after remediation[J].Sci Total Environ,2001,273:111-133.
[12]CONNIE G R,ULRICHMK,DAVID R J,et al.Effectiveness ofvarious cover scenarios on the rate of sulfide oxidation of minetailings[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,271:171-187.
[13]CATHERINE N,HUBERT B,ALEXANDRA C N,et al.Factorsaffecting natural development of soil on 35-year-old sulphide-richmine tailings[J].Geoderma,2003,111(1/2):1-20.
[14]王丽平,章明奎.不同来源重金属污染土壤中重金属的释放行为[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):134-138.
[15]叶文玲,徐晓燕,陈增,等.苏丹草对铜尾矿的适应性研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(6):193-196.
[16]滕应,骆永明,李振高.污染土壤的微生物修复原理与技术进展[J].土壤,2007,39(4):497-502.
[17]王友保,张莉,沈章军,等.铜尾矿库区土壤与植物中重金属形态分析[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2418-2422.
[18]党志,刘丛强,尚爱安.矿区土壤中重金属活动性评估方法的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):86-91.
[19]田胜尼,孙庆业,王铮峰,等.铜陵铜尾矿废弃地定居植物及基质理化性质的变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):88-93.
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