介绍大型矿集区的一种富集模式:多重圈闭等温场模式——以铜陵狮子山矿田为例
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摘要
狮子山矿田是安徽铜陵地区乃至长江中下游地区重要的矿田之一。该矿田目前已探明铜、金等大中小型矿床十多处,按赋存标高自下而上依次为:冬瓜山深部斑岩Cu、冬瓜山Cu、胡村Cu、花树坡Cu、大团山Cu(Au)、老鸦岭Cu、东、西狮子Cu(Au)、鸡冠石Ag、Au、Cu、Pb、Zn,包村Au(Cu)、白芒山Au等矿床,达到大型-超大型规模,引起了国内外矿床地质学家的广泛关注。近年来又发现并勘查出几个独立岩金矿床,且在矿田深部1000多米处又发现了新的矿体,标志着该区找矿工作进入了一个新的阶段。多种矿床类型共存,铜矿与金矿配对,矿床(体)呈多层产出,是矿田的显著特色。矿田内业已发现矽卡岩型、层控矽卡岩型、斑岩型、中低温热液型和风化—淋滤型等矿床;既有以内生作用为主,又有以沉积作用为主的矿床,及二者的复合类型;铜、金可共生、伴生,也可形成各自独立的矿床;自深部斑岩铜矿至C2+3—T2中层状、脉状矿床,成矿垂深大。它们虽产于不同层位的地层中,主要表现为"多层楼"成矿特点,但其产出受统一构造、岩浆岩等多重圈闭因素制约而构成的统一的等温的岩浆-流体-成矿系统之中。在某种意义上说,狮子山矿田是铜陵地区乃至整个长江中下游成矿带的缩影和典型代表。因此,开展狮子山铜、金矿田的岩浆-流体-成矿系统的研究,建立其颇具特色的成矿模式,能指导该区乃至长江中下游地区的矿产勘查和开发,因而有着广阔的应用前景和实际意义。
Shizishan orefield is one of the most important orefields in Anhui Province,even in Yangtze Delta region.More than ten copper and gold deposits with various scales have been discovered in this orefield.The deposits identified includes from bottom to top: Dongguashan deep porphyry Cu deposit,Dongguashan porphyry Cu deposit,Hucun Cu deposit,Huashupo Cu deposit,Datuanshan Cu (Au) deposit,Laoyaling Cu deposit,east and west Shizishan Cu (Au) deposit,Jiguanshi Ag-Au-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit,Bacun Au (Cu),Beimangshan Au deposit,etc.This large-scale ore intensive area has drawn high attention from the geologists both at home and abroad.Recent year,several gold mines and some mineral deposits (depth >1000m) have been discovered,suggesting that the exploration for mineral resource is entering a new stage.This orefield is characterized by coexistence of multi-minerals,pairing copper mine and gold mine,and multi-layer deposits.Skarn,stratabound skarn,porphyry,moderate to low temperature mesothermal.Weather-leached type deposits have also been found in this area.Some of these deposits are dominated by endogenetic factors,and some by sedimentation or both endogenetic factors and sedimentation.In addition,gold and copper can coexist or associate and form individual mine.The orefield is characterized from bottom to top by the deep porphyry copper,C2+3-T2 layered or vein-type deposits in the middle from bottom to top,forming huge,vertical orebodies.Even occurring at different geological units,the deposits in the orefield present multi-layer feature.But occurrences of these deposits are confined within a unified isothermal magma-fluid-mineralization system due to constraints from structure,magmatic rocks and other factors.In some senses,the Shizishan orefield is the typical model of the mineral deposits in Tongling area,even in Yangtze Delta.Therefore,conducting the research into magmatic fluid and metallogeny in the Shizishan Cu-Au ore field and establishing its own metallogenic mode will be a guide for exploration and development in the area,and even in the Middle-Lower Reaches of Yangtze River.The study is of wide application prospect and practical significance.
Shizishan orefield is one of the most important orefields in Anhui Province,even in Yangtze Delta region.More than ten copper and gold deposits with various scales have been discovered in this orefield.The deposits identified includes from bottom to top: Dongguashan deep porphyry Cu deposit,Dongguashan porphyry Cu deposit,Hucun Cu deposit,Huashupo Cu deposit,Datuanshan Cu (Au) deposit,Laoyaling Cu deposit,east and west Shizishan Cu (Au) deposit,Jiguanshi Ag-Au-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit,Bacun Au (Cu),Beimangshan Au deposit,etc.This large-scale ore intensive area has drawn high attention from the geologists both at home and abroad.Recent year,several gold mines and some mineral deposits (depth >1000m) have been discovered,suggesting that the exploration for mineral resource is entering a new stage.This orefield is characterized by coexistence of multi-minerals,pairing copper mine and gold mine,and multi-layer deposits.Skarn,stratabound skarn,porphyry,moderate to low temperature mesothermal.Weather-leached type deposits have also been found in this area.Some of these deposits are dominated by endogenetic factors,and some by sedimentation or both endogenetic factors and sedimentation.In addition,gold and copper can coexist or associate and form individual mine.The orefield is characterized from bottom to top by the deep porphyry copper,C2+3-T2 layered or vein-type deposits in the middle from bottom to top,forming huge,vertical orebodies.Even occurring at different geological units,the deposits in the orefield present multi-layer feature.But occurrences of these deposits are confined within a unified isothermal magma-fluid-mineralization system due to constraints from structure,magmatic rocks and other factors.In some senses,the Shizishan orefield is the typical model of the mineral deposits in Tongling area,even in Yangtze Delta.Therefore,conducting the research into magmatic fluid and metallogeny in the Shizishan Cu-Au ore field and establishing its own metallogenic mode will be a guide for exploration and development in the area,and even in the Middle-Lower Reaches of Yangtze River.The study is of wide application prospect and practical significance.
引文
常印佛,刘学圭.1983.关于层控式矽卡岩型矿床——以安徽省内下扬子坳陷中一些矿床为例.矿床地质,2(1):11~20.
常印佛等.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带(M),北京:地质出版社.
储国正,李东旭.1991.顺层滑动构造对安徽狮子山矿田“多层楼”矿床的控制.现代地质.
储国正.1991.狮子山矿田构造及其控岩控矿特征的研究.中国地质大学(北京)研究生论文.
储国正.1992.铜陵狮子山矿田构造及其控岩控矿作用研究.安徽地质,2(2):1~14.
储国正.1999.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿化系列及其相互关系.安徽地质,9(1):45~53.
储国正.2003.铜陵狮子山铜金矿田成矿系统及其找矿意义.中国地质大学博士学位论文.
储国正.2010.安徽金矿主要特征及找矿方向.安徽地质,20(4):255~259.
邓晋福等.1996.中国大陆根—柱构造—大陆动力学的钥匙.北京:地质出版社.
凌其聪,刘丛强.2002.冬瓜山层控矽卡岩型铜矿床成矿流体特征,吉林大学学报(地学版),32(3):219~224.
刘文灿,高德臻,储国正.1996.安徽铜陵地区构造变形分析及成矿预测.北京:地质出版社.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正等.1998.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质.北京:地质出版社.
吴言昌,常印佛.1998.关于岩浆矽卡岩问题,地学前缘,5(4):291~301.
常印佛等.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带(M),北京:地质出版社.
储国正,李东旭.1991.顺层滑动构造对安徽狮子山矿田“多层楼”矿床的控制.现代地质.
储国正.1991.狮子山矿田构造及其控岩控矿特征的研究.中国地质大学(北京)研究生论文.
储国正.1992.铜陵狮子山矿田构造及其控岩控矿作用研究.安徽地质,2(2):1~14.
储国正.1999.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿化系列及其相互关系.安徽地质,9(1):45~53.
储国正.2003.铜陵狮子山铜金矿田成矿系统及其找矿意义.中国地质大学博士学位论文.
储国正.2010.安徽金矿主要特征及找矿方向.安徽地质,20(4):255~259.
邓晋福等.1996.中国大陆根—柱构造—大陆动力学的钥匙.北京:地质出版社.
凌其聪,刘丛强.2002.冬瓜山层控矽卡岩型铜矿床成矿流体特征,吉林大学学报(地学版),32(3):219~224.
刘文灿,高德臻,储国正.1996.安徽铜陵地区构造变形分析及成矿预测.北京:地质出版社.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正等.1998.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质.北京:地质出版社.
吴言昌,常印佛.1998.关于岩浆矽卡岩问题,地学前缘,5(4):291~301.
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