安庆沿江退耕还湖18年的湿地土壤生物化学性质研究
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摘要
以安庆沿江农田不同退耕还湖方式——低坝高网式水产养殖和湿地自然恢复区的湿地土壤为研究对象,并以邻近的水田和旱地土壤作为参照,研究退耕还湖后湿地土壤生物化学性质变化。结果表明,退耕还湖18a(1991～2009年)后,在湿地自然恢复区,湿地土壤(深度为0～30cm)微生物量碳含量、土壤磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性增大,土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性减小;由水田退耕18a的湿地亚表层土壤(深度为15～30cm)脲酶活性和表层土壤(深度为0～15cm)过氧化氢酶活性与由旱地退耕18a的湿地无明显差异,由水田退耕18a的湿地表层土壤脲酶活性和亚表层土壤过氧化氢酶活性、表层和亚表层土壤微生物量碳含量、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性都明显高于由旱地退耕18a的湿地。退耕还湖18a后,进行低坝高网式水产养殖的湿地土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性减小,而过氧化氢酶活性增大;由水田退耕18a的湿地表层和亚表层土壤微生物量碳含量与由旱地退耕18a的湿地无明显差异,由水田退耕18a的湿地表层和亚表层土壤脲酶活性、表层土壤蔗糖酶活性和亚表层土壤磷酸酶活性明显高于由旱地退耕18a的湿地,而其亚表层土壤蔗糖酶、表层土壤磷酸酶、表层和亚表层土壤过氧化氢酶活性均显著低于由旱地退耕18a的湿地。天然湿地土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性明显低于已退耕还湖的湿地和参照农田土壤。退耕还湖后,湿地的不同利用方式及其历史利用方式影响湿地土壤生物化学性质;湿地土壤有机质等养分含量和水文条件变化是导致湿地土壤生物化学性质变化的主要原因。
Soils from wetlands with different historical land use patterns(hydroponic farming and dry farming) and returning under different restoration modes(low dam and high net for aquaculture,such as Baidang Lake area,and natural ecology restoration of wetland,such as Caizi Lake area) were sampled to reveal changes of soil biochemical properties after returning farmland to lake(RFL) along the Yangtze River in Anqing.The results showed that the amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil phosphatase and catalase increased,however,the activities of soil saccharase and urease decreased after RFL in Caizi Lake area;no significant difference was found between urease activities in sub-surface soils and catalase activities in surface soils from wetlands with historical hydroponic farming(HHF) and those in wetlands with historical dry framing(HDF) after 18-year RFL,while soil urease activities in surface soils and catalase activities in subsurface soils,amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon,saccharase and phosphstase activities both in surface and sub-surface soils were significantly higher in wetlands with HHF than those in wetlands with HDF after 18-year RFL in Caizi Lake area;the amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil saccharase,urease and phosphstase decreased,while the activities of soil catalase increased after 18-year RFL in Baidang Lake area;no significant difference was found between microbial biomass carbon amounts both in surface and subsurface soils from wetlands with HHF and those in wetlands with HDF,while urease activities both in surface and subsurface soils,saccharase activities in surface soils,and phosphatase activities in subsurface soils were significantly higher in wetlands with HHF than those in wetlands with HDF after 18-year RFL in Baidang Lake area;saccharase activities in subsurface soils,and phosphatase activities in surface soils,and catalase activities both in surface and subsurface soils were significantly lower in wetlands with HHF thanthose in wetlands with HDF after 18-year RFL in Baidang Lake area;the amounts of soil biomass carbon and the activities of urease,saccharase,and phosphatase in semi-natural wetlands were lower than those in most of other sampling ecotesseras in the same lake area.
Soils from wetlands with different historical land use patterns(hydroponic farming and dry farming) and returning under different restoration modes(low dam and high net for aquaculture,such as Baidang Lake area,and natural ecology restoration of wetland,such as Caizi Lake area) were sampled to reveal changes of soil biochemical properties after returning farmland to lake(RFL) along the Yangtze River in Anqing.The results showed that the amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil phosphatase and catalase increased,however,the activities of soil saccharase and urease decreased after RFL in Caizi Lake area;no significant difference was found between urease activities in sub-surface soils and catalase activities in surface soils from wetlands with historical hydroponic farming(HHF) and those in wetlands with historical dry framing(HDF) after 18-year RFL,while soil urease activities in surface soils and catalase activities in subsurface soils,amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon,saccharase and phosphstase activities both in surface and sub-surface soils were significantly higher in wetlands with HHF than those in wetlands with HDF after 18-year RFL in Caizi Lake area;the amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil saccharase,urease and phosphstase decreased,while the activities of soil catalase increased after 18-year RFL in Baidang Lake area;no significant difference was found between microbial biomass carbon amounts both in surface and subsurface soils from wetlands with HHF and those in wetlands with HDF,while urease activities both in surface and subsurface soils,saccharase activities in surface soils,and phosphatase activities in subsurface soils were significantly higher in wetlands with HHF than those in wetlands with HDF after 18-year RFL in Baidang Lake area;saccharase activities in subsurface soils,and phosphatase activities in surface soils,and catalase activities both in surface and subsurface soils were significantly lower in wetlands with HHF thanthose in wetlands with HDF after 18-year RFL in Baidang Lake area;the amounts of soil biomass carbon and the activities of urease,saccharase,and phosphatase in semi-natural wetlands were lower than those in most of other sampling ecotesseras in the same lake area.
引文
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[16]杨桂生,宋长春,王丽,等.水位梯度对小叶章湿地土壤微生物活性的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):444～449.
[17]张金波,宋长春,杨文燕.沼泽湿地垦殖对土壤碳动态的影响[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):340～344.
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[19]杨刚,谢永宏,陈心胜,等.洞庭湖区退田还湖后不同恢复模式下土壤酶活性的变化[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2187～2192.
[20]施葵初.安徽湿地[M].安徽:合肥工业大学出版社,2003.
[21]陈果,刘岳燕,姚槐应,等.一种测定淹水土壤中微生物量碳的方法:液氯熏蒸浸提—水浴法[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):981～988.
[22]万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5980～5986.
[2]陈宜瑜,吕宪国.湿地功能与湿地科学的研究方向[J].湿地科学,2003,1(1):7～11.
[3]Bossio D A,Fleck J A,Scow K M,et al.Alternation of soil micro-bial communities and water quality in restored wetlands[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38:1223-1233.
[4]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[5]万忠梅,宋长春.小叶章湿地土壤酶活性分布特征及其与活性有机碳表征指标的关系[J].湿地科学,2008,6(2):249～257.
[6]刘存岐,王伟伟,李贺鹏,等.湿地生态系统中土壤酶的研究进展[J].河北大学学报,2005,25(4):443～446.
[7]聂大刚,王亮,尹澄清,等.白洋淀湿地土壤酶活性空间分布与污染物关系研究[J].湿地科学,2008,6(2):204～211.
[8]刘莎,刘存歧李博,等.白洋淀芦苇台地土壤理化因子及其酶活性特征[J].湿地科学,2012,10(1):74～80.
[9]叶淑红,王艳,万惠萍,等.辽东湾湿地微生物量与土壤酶的研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):897～900.
[10]王晓龙,徐立刚,姚鑫,等.鄱阳湖典型湿地植物群落土壤微生物量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):5033～5042.
[11]彭佩钦,张文菊,童成立,等.洞庭湖典型湿地土壤碳、氮和微生物碳、氮及其垂直分布[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):49～53.
[12]万忠梅,宋长春.三江平原不同类型湿地土壤酶活性及其与营养环境的关系[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):158～161.
[13]赵先丽,周广胜,周莉,等.盘锦芦苇湿地土壤微生物生物量C的季节动态[J].土壤通报,2008,39(1):1376～1379.
[14]万忠梅,宋长春.三江平原小叶章湿地土壤酶活性的季节动态[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(5):1215～1220.
[15]杨继松,刘景双.小叶章湿地土壤微生物生物量碳和可溶性有机碳的分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1544～1549.
[16]杨桂生,宋长春,王丽,等.水位梯度对小叶章湿地土壤微生物活性的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):444～449.
[17]张金波,宋长春,杨文燕.沼泽湿地垦殖对土壤碳动态的影响[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):340～344.
[18]黄靖宇,宋长春,宋艳宇,等.湿地垦殖对土壤微生物量及土壤溶解有机碳、氮的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):1380～1387.
[19]杨刚,谢永宏,陈心胜,等.洞庭湖区退田还湖后不同恢复模式下土壤酶活性的变化[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2187～2192.
[20]施葵初.安徽湿地[M].安徽:合肥工业大学出版社,2003.
[21]陈果,刘岳燕,姚槐应,等.一种测定淹水土壤中微生物量碳的方法:液氯熏蒸浸提—水浴法[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):981～988.
[22]万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5980～5986.
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