巢湖典型低山丘陵区不同土地利用类型壤中流养分流失特征
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摘要
以巢湖典型低丘山区坡地的6种主要土地利用类型(弃耕地、尾矿裸地、灌木林地、荒草地、马尾松林地和人工恢复林地)为研究对象,通过定位观测与收集坡面壤中流,探讨该地区壤中流养分流失动态变化特征。结果表明,巢湖低丘山区典型土地利用类型壤中流发生概率为灌木林地和荒草地较高,尾矿裸地最低(仅在0～20 cm土层产生);表层壤中流氮含量为尾矿裸地最高,人工恢复林地最低,壤中流磷含量为弃耕地最高,尾矿裸地最低;壤中流氮素流失以溶解态NO3--N为主,并随雨季的到来而呈下降趋势,随土层加深呈先下降后升高趋势;磷主要以有机溶解态形式流失,随土层加深而呈下降趋势。相关分析表明,地表总盖度、地表植被均匀度、土壤养分含量与壤中流氮、磷含量间存在显著相关性,而降雨特征(降雨量、降雨强度)与壤中流氮、磷含量间相关性不显著。由于人为开采严重,在分析该地区壤中流氮素含量时,应注意干湿沉降的影响。
Six major types of land use(deserted farmland,bare land,shrub land,grassland,Pinus massoniana forest,and artificially restored forest) in the low hill region of Caohu Basin were chosen as subjects in a study to explore for characteristics of soil nutrient loss with soil interflow as affected by the land use in the region.Stationary observation and sampling of soil interflows for analysis were conducted.Results show that among the six types of land use,shrub land and grassland were the highest in probability of interflow occurrence,while bare tailing land was the lowest and had interflows only in the top 20 cm soil layer.For the nitrogen concentration in soil interflow,it was found the highest in bare tailing land and the lowest in artificially restored forest.However,phosphorus content in interflow was the highest in deserted farmland and the lowest in bare tailing land;Specifically,the nitrogen in soil interflow was found mainly in the form of dissolved NO-3-N,of which the concentration displayed a decreasing trend with the arrival of the rainy season,but a falling and then rising trend with soil depth.The phosphorus lost with soil interflow was mainly in the form of dissolved organic phosphorus,of which the concentration displayed a decreasing trend with soil depth.Correlation analysis showed that both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in soil interflow were significantly related with total land coverage,vegetation evenness and soil nutrient level,but insignificantly with amount and intensity of rainfall.Owing to the flourishing mining industry in the region,it is important to take into account the effect of dry and wet depositions when analysis is done of N content in soil interflow in the region.
Six major types of land use(deserted farmland,bare land,shrub land,grassland,Pinus massoniana forest,and artificially restored forest) in the low hill region of Caohu Basin were chosen as subjects in a study to explore for characteristics of soil nutrient loss with soil interflow as affected by the land use in the region.Stationary observation and sampling of soil interflows for analysis were conducted.Results show that among the six types of land use,shrub land and grassland were the highest in probability of interflow occurrence,while bare tailing land was the lowest and had interflows only in the top 20 cm soil layer.For the nitrogen concentration in soil interflow,it was found the highest in bare tailing land and the lowest in artificially restored forest.However,phosphorus content in interflow was the highest in deserted farmland and the lowest in bare tailing land;Specifically,the nitrogen in soil interflow was found mainly in the form of dissolved NO-3-N,of which the concentration displayed a decreasing trend with the arrival of the rainy season,but a falling and then rising trend with soil depth.The phosphorus lost with soil interflow was mainly in the form of dissolved organic phosphorus,of which the concentration displayed a decreasing trend with soil depth.Correlation analysis showed that both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in soil interflow were significantly related with total land coverage,vegetation evenness and soil nutrient level,but insignificantly with amount and intensity of rainfall.Owing to the flourishing mining industry in the region,it is important to take into account the effect of dry and wet depositions when analysis is done of N content in soil interflow in the region.
引文
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[14]李元寿,王根绪,王一博,等.长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):616-623.
[15]孙景.巢湖污染现状及其治理措施[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(3):256-258.
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[18]朱波,汪涛,况福虹,等.紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐淋失特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(3):525-533.
[19]晏维金,章申,唐以剑.模拟降雨条件下沉积物对磷的富集机理[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(3):332-337.
[20]杨金玲,张甘霖,张华,等.丘陵地区流域土地利用对氮素径流输出的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(1):16-23.
[21]褚利平,王克勤.烤烟坡耕地壤中流氮、磷浓度的动态特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(7):1346-135.
[22]王晓龙,常龙飞,李恒鹏,等.巢湖低丘山区典型植被群落与土壤环境因子特征研究[J].土壤,2011,43(6):981-986.
[23]周明华,朱波,汪涛,等.紫色土坡耕地磷素流失特征及施肥方式的影响[J].水利学报,2010,41(11):1374-1381.
[2]李金中,裴铁璠,牛丽华,等.森林流域坡地壤中流模型与模拟研究[J].林业科学,1999,35(4):2-8.
[3]SIMS J T,SIMARD R R,JOEM B C,et al.Phosphorus Loss in Ag-ricultural Drainage:Historical Perspective and Current Research[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(3):277-293.
[4]朱波,汪涛,徐泰平,等.紫色丘陵区典型小流域氮素迁移及其环境效应[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):601-606.
[5]胡宏祥,洪天球,樊丽莉.巢湖马鞍山土壤有机质和N、P变化研究[J].中国水土保持,200,23(11):26-28.
[6]管佳佳,洪天求,贾志海,等.巢湖烔炀河水质评价及主成分分析[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报:自然科学版,2008,16(3):89-93.
[7]甄兰,廖文华,刘建玲.磷在土壤环境中的迁移及其在水环境中的农业非点源污染研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(增刊1):55-59.
[8]ANDERSON M G,MCDONNE J J.Encyclopedia of HydrologicalSciences[M].Chichester:John Wiley and Sons,2005:1719-1732.
[9]杨聪,于静洁.华北山区坡地产流规律试验研究[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):123-129.
[10]李娜,单保庆,尹澄清,等.六叉河小流域农田土壤中磷下渗迁移过程研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(6):1132-1138.
[11]贾海燕,雷阿林,雷俊山,等.紫色土地区水文特征对硝态氮流失的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(10):1658-1664.
[12]丁文峰,张平仓,王一峰.紫色土坡面壤中流形成与坡面侵蚀产沙关系试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(3):14-17.
[13]李毅,邵明安.草地覆盖坡面流水动力参数的室内降雨试验[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):1-5.
[14]李元寿,王根绪,王一博,等.长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):616-623.
[15]孙景.巢湖污染现状及其治理措施[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(3):256-258.
[16]李如忠,洪天求.巢湖流域农业非点源污染控制对策研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:社会科学版,2006,20(11):105-110.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:154-168.
[18]朱波,汪涛,况福虹,等.紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐淋失特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(3):525-533.
[19]晏维金,章申,唐以剑.模拟降雨条件下沉积物对磷的富集机理[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(3):332-337.
[20]杨金玲,张甘霖,张华,等.丘陵地区流域土地利用对氮素径流输出的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(1):16-23.
[21]褚利平,王克勤.烤烟坡耕地壤中流氮、磷浓度的动态特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(7):1346-135.
[22]王晓龙,常龙飞,李恒鹏,等.巢湖低丘山区典型植被群落与土壤环境因子特征研究[J].土壤,2011,43(6):981-986.
[23]周明华,朱波,汪涛,等.紫色土坡耕地磷素流失特征及施肥方式的影响[J].水利学报,2010,41(11):1374-1381.
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