淹水落干对巢湖圩堤消落区土壤营养成分的影响
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摘要
通过多次采样,分析巢湖西北部圩堤消落区土壤中有机质及氮磷在自然区域和人工修复区域的含量特征,研究巢湖西北部不同区域消落区土壤中有机质及氮磷的分布规律,探索人工修复措施对消落区生态环境改善的效果。结果表明:淹水落干过程有利于消落区土壤有机质的积累和对氮素的吸附,同时增强消落区土壤中有机质、全氮、有机磷的空间异质性,并且减小消落区内不同样点之间土壤全磷含量差异。在自然区域中,氮素较高的农业耕作区土壤在淹水条件下会向上覆水释氮,无植被覆盖的天然崩岸区土壤磷素会富集,在下次淹水时可能会向上覆水释磷;在人工修复区域,挺水植物能够有效拦截由于湖水冲刷引起的消落区土壤有机质流失,并且改善消落区底质。此外,不同人工修复区域的多种类型植被增强了消落区空间异质性,有利于保护消落区的生物多样性,并且提高环湖景观的观赏性。
Organic matter( OM),total nitrogen( TN),ognic phosphorous( OP) and total phosphorous( TP) content of soil in northwest WLFZ of Lake Chaohu under natural and different artificial conditions were analyzed to study the variation of OM,TN,OP and TP. It showed: Flooding and air-drying help to increase soil OM content in study area. Process of flooding and air-drying is conducive to soil adsorption of nitrogen and it can enhance spatial heterogeneity of soil OM,TN,OP,process of flooding and air-drying also can reduce the difference of TP contents among different points. Riprap embankment is not conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions,emergent plants are conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions. Soil with high nitrogen content will release nitrogen to overlying water under flooded conditions. Under drying after flooding conditions,demand for phosphorus of vegetation growth will reduce TP content in soil,bare area will enrich phosphorus,when the next flood cover up a greater release of phosphorus will happen.
Organic matter( OM),total nitrogen( TN),ognic phosphorous( OP) and total phosphorous( TP) content of soil in northwest WLFZ of Lake Chaohu under natural and different artificial conditions were analyzed to study the variation of OM,TN,OP and TP. It showed: Flooding and air-drying help to increase soil OM content in study area. Process of flooding and air-drying is conducive to soil adsorption of nitrogen and it can enhance spatial heterogeneity of soil OM,TN,OP,process of flooding and air-drying also can reduce the difference of TP contents among different points. Riprap embankment is not conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions,emergent plants are conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions. Soil with high nitrogen content will release nitrogen to overlying water under flooded conditions. Under drying after flooding conditions,demand for phosphorus of vegetation growth will reduce TP content in soil,bare area will enrich phosphorus,when the next flood cover up a greater release of phosphorus will happen.
引文
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[4]程瑞梅,王晓荣,肖文发,等.三峡库区消落带水淹初期土壤物理性质及金属含量初探[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):156-161.
[5]詹艳慧,王里奥,焦艳静.三峡库区消落带土壤氮素吸附释放规律[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(8):10-13.
[6]俞跃,宋玉梅,唐文浩.模拟降雨条件下万泉河流域农田养分流失特征及面源污染源强研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17):9158-9160.
[7]康义,郭泉水,程瑞梅,等.三峡库区消落带土壤物理性质变化[J].林业科学,2010,46(6):1-5.
[8]范小华,谢德体,魏朝富.三峡水库消落区生态环境保护与调控对策研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006(4):495-501.
[9]MUKHOPADHYAY S,JOY V C.Influence of leaf litter types on microbial functions and nutrient status of soil:ecological suitability of forest trees for afforestation in tropical laterite wastelands[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2306-2315.
[10]邓红兵,王青春,王庆礼,等.河岸植被缓冲带与河岸带管理[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):951-954.
[11]王宗志,金菊良,洪天求.巢湖流域非点源污染物来源的模糊聚类对应分析方法[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):328-331.
[12]徐爱兰,王鹏.太湖流域典型圩区农田磷素随地表径流迁移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(3):1106-1111.
[13]HEIRI O,LOTTER A F,LEMCKE G.Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments:reproducibility and comparability of results[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2001,25(1):101-110.
[14]DEAN W E.Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition comparison with other methods[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1974,44(1):242-248.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:147-150,166-168.
[16]GOLTERMAN H L.Fractionation of sediment phosphate with chelating compounds:a simplification,and comparison with other methods[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,335:87-95.
[17]田娟,刘凌,丁海山,等.淹水土壤土-水界面磷素迁移转化研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(7):1818-1823.
[18]滑丽萍,华珞,高娟,等.中国湖泊底泥的重金属污染评价研究[J].土壤,2006(4):366-373.
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