巢湖周围池塘沉积物中磷的赋存形态及空间差异
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摘要
对巢湖周围138口池塘表层沉积物,采用沉积物磷形态标准程序(SMT)分析了其中的总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)、有机磷(OP)、铁/铝磷(Fe/Al-P)、钙磷(Ca-P)等5种形态及各种形态磷的空间差异,并分析了不同形态磷之间的以及各种形态磷与沉积物烧失量之间的相关性。结果表明,所调查的池塘表层沉积物TP、IP、OP、Fe/A l-P、Ca-P的含量分别为536.4~3 659.89、153.55~3 299.15、176.68~1 076.16、96.19~876.17和105.29~880.22 mg/kg;巢湖周围池塘表层沉积物TP、IP、OP、Fe/Al-P、CaI-P含量高于巢湖水体表层沉积物;IP、OP、Fe/Al-P、Ca-P占TP的比重分别在13.4%~90.14%、10.86%~93.91%、8.81%~45.69%和12.86%~61.05%。巢湖流域不同区域池塘各种形态磷存在明显的空间差异,义城、三河、环城-柘皋、中垾、烔炀、槐林-盛桥等区域池塘沉积物TP和IP含量较高,而严店、沐集、黄麓、忠庙-六家畈等区域TP和IP含量较低;白山区域的池塘表层沉积物中OP含量明显低于三河、环城-柘皋等处;槐林-盛桥、烔炀区域池塘表层沉积物中Fe/Al-P含量明显高于黄麓、忠庙-六家畈区域;白山、长临的池塘沉积物中Ca-P含量明显偏高。相关分析表明,池塘表层沉积物烧失量与TP、OP、Fe/Al-P和Ca-P呈显著或极显著正相关;TP与IP、OP、Fe/Al-P和Ca-P呈极显著正相关;但OP与IP、Fe/Al-P和Ca-P无相关性。
Total phosphorus(TP),inorganic-phosphorus(IP),organic-phosphorus(OP),Fe/Al-bound phosphorus(Fe/Al-P) and Ca-bound phosphorus(Ca-P) in surface sediment of 138 ponds around Chao Lakes were measured,using the standard measurement and test(SMT) procedure of phosphorus forms in the freshwater sediments.And the spatial difference of phosphorus forms in pond sediment from Chao Lake watershed was also characterized.Correlation coefficients between phosphorus forms and loss of ignition were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of TP,IP,OP,Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds varied from 536.04-3 659.89,153.55-3 299.15,176.68-1 076.16,96.19-876.17 and 105.29-880.22 mg/kg,respectively.The contents of TP,IP,OP,Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds were generally higher than that of Chao Lake.The IP,OP,Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds accounted for 13.4%-90.14%,10.86%-93.91%,8.81%-45.69% and 12.86%-61.05% of TP,respectively.The contents of phosphorus forms in surface sediment of ponds from different sampling area displayed significant difference.The TP and IP in surface sediment of ponds from Yicheng,Sanhe,Huancheng-Zhegao,Zhonghan,Tongyang and Huailin-Shengqiao were higher than that from Yandian,Muji,Huanglu and Zhongmiao-Liujiafan.The contents of OP in surface sediment of ponds from Sanhe and Huancheng-Zhegao were higher than that from Baishan.The contents of Fe/Al-P in surface sediment of ponds from Huailin-Shengqiao and Tongyang were higher than that from Huanglu and Zhongmiao-Liujiafan.And the contents of Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds from Baisan and Changlin were higher than that from other areas.Loss of ignition of surface sediment was significantly and positively correlated to TP(r=0.286),OP(r=0.241),Fe/Al-P(r=0.314) and to Ca-P(r=0.210).And TP was also significantly and positively correlated to IP(r=0.929),OP(r=0.247),Fe/Al-P(r=0.807)and to Ca-P(r=0.632).However,there was not significant correlation between OP and IP,Fe/Al-P,and Ca-P.
Total phosphorus(TP),inorganic-phosphorus(IP),organic-phosphorus(OP),Fe/Al-bound phosphorus(Fe/Al-P) and Ca-bound phosphorus(Ca-P) in surface sediment of 138 ponds around Chao Lakes were measured,using the standard measurement and test(SMT) procedure of phosphorus forms in the freshwater sediments.And the spatial difference of phosphorus forms in pond sediment from Chao Lake watershed was also characterized.Correlation coefficients between phosphorus forms and loss of ignition were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of TP,IP,OP,Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds varied from 536.04-3 659.89,153.55-3 299.15,176.68-1 076.16,96.19-876.17 and 105.29-880.22 mg/kg,respectively.The contents of TP,IP,OP,Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds were generally higher than that of Chao Lake.The IP,OP,Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds accounted for 13.4%-90.14%,10.86%-93.91%,8.81%-45.69% and 12.86%-61.05% of TP,respectively.The contents of phosphorus forms in surface sediment of ponds from different sampling area displayed significant difference.The TP and IP in surface sediment of ponds from Yicheng,Sanhe,Huancheng-Zhegao,Zhonghan,Tongyang and Huailin-Shengqiao were higher than that from Yandian,Muji,Huanglu and Zhongmiao-Liujiafan.The contents of OP in surface sediment of ponds from Sanhe and Huancheng-Zhegao were higher than that from Baishan.The contents of Fe/Al-P in surface sediment of ponds from Huailin-Shengqiao and Tongyang were higher than that from Huanglu and Zhongmiao-Liujiafan.And the contents of Ca-P in surface sediment of ponds from Baisan and Changlin were higher than that from other areas.Loss of ignition of surface sediment was significantly and positively correlated to TP(r=0.286),OP(r=0.241),Fe/Al-P(r=0.314) and to Ca-P(r=0.210).And TP was also significantly and positively correlated to IP(r=0.929),OP(r=0.247),Fe/Al-P(r=0.807)and to Ca-P(r=0.632).However,there was not significant correlation between OP and IP,Fe/Al-P,and Ca-P.
引文
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[24]徐红灯,席北斗,翟丽华.沟渠沉积物对农田排水中氨氮的截留效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1924-1928.
[25]HAMERAJ,MAKINGSJ A,LANESJ,etal.Amphibiandecline and fer-tilizers used on agricultural land in south-eastern Australia[J].Agricul-ture,Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102:299-305.
[2]管佳佳,洪天求,贾志海,等.巢湖烔炀河水质评价及主成分分析[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报:自然科学版,2008,16(3):89-93.
[3]王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.巢湖沉积物总磷含量及无机磷形态研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4):56-59.
[4]王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.巢湖沉积物总磷分布及其地质原因[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(4):496-499.
[5]刘路,洪天球,潘国林,等.巢湖十五里河河口沉积物污染特征研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(3):364-366,374.
[6]毛战坡,尹澄清,王雨春,等.污染物在农田溪流生态系统中的动态变化[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2614-2623.
[7]毛战坡,单保庆,尹澄清,等.磷在农田溪流中的动态变化[J].环境科学,2003,24(6):1-8.
[8]毛战坡,彭文启,尹澄清,等.非点源污染物在多水塘系统中的流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):530-535.
[9]尹澄清,单保庆.多水塘系统:控制面源磷污染的可持续方法[J].人类环境杂志,2001,30(6):369-375.
[10]NAHANDK,MILSTEINA,VERDEGEMMCJ,etal.Food inputs,waterquality and nutrientaccumulationinintegrated pond systems:Amultivari-ate approach[J].Aquaculture,2006,26:160-173.
[11]PETLZER P M,LAJMANOVICHR C,S NCHEZ-HERMANDEZ J C,etal.Effects ofagricultural pond eutrophicationonsurvival and healthstatusof Scinax nasicus tadpoles[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,70:185-197.
[12]MITSCH W J,GOSSELINK J G.The value of wetlands:importance ofscale and landscape setting[J].Ecological Economics,2000,35:25-33.
[13]AVNIMELECHY,RITVO G.Shrimp and fish pond soils:processes andmanagement[J].Aquaculture,2003,220:549-567.
[14]POKOMY J,HAUSER V.The restoration of fish ponds in agriculturallandscapes[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,18:555-574.
[15]王绪伟,王心源,史杜芳.巢湖污染现状与水质恢复措施[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(4):13-15.
[16]朱广伟,秦伯强,张路.长江中下游湖泊沉积物中磷的形态及藻类可利用量[J].中国科学D.地球科学,2005,35(S2):24-32.
[17]秦伯强,朱广伟.长江中下游地区湖泊水和沉积物中营养盐的赋存、循环及其交换特征[J].中国科学D.地球科学,2005,35(S2):1-10.
[18]潘成荣,汪家权,郑志侠,等.巢湖沉积物中氮与磷赋存形态研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(1):43-47.
[19]金相灿,庞燕,王圣瑞,等.长江中下游浅水湖沉积物磷形态及其分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):279-285.
[20]张美琴,陈静.巢湖主要入湖河道磷的污染状况[J].广东微量元素科学,2003,10(4):41-44.
[21]周慧平,高超,孙波,等.巢湖流域全磷含量的空间变异特征和影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2112-2117.
[22]周慧平,高超.巢湖流域非点源磷流失关键源区识别[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2696-2702.
[23]李如忠,洪天求.巢湖流域农业非点源污染控制对策研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:社会科学版,2006,20(11):105-110.
[24]徐红灯,席北斗,翟丽华.沟渠沉积物对农田排水中氨氮的截留效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1924-1928.
[25]HAMERAJ,MAKINGSJ A,LANESJ,etal.Amphibiandecline and fer-tilizers used on agricultural land in south-eastern Australia[J].Agricul-ture,Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102:299-305.
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