巢湖周围池塘氮、磷和有机质研究
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摘要
巢湖周围池塘众多,根据池塘位置和地表径流补给差异,池塘可以分为村庄内池塘、毗邻村庄池塘和农田区域池塘(远离村庄的池塘).本研究采集了巢湖周围136口池塘上覆水和沉积物样品,调查巢湖周围池塘中氮、磷以及有机质污染现状.结果表明,池塘上覆水中总氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总磷、溶解态磷和COD平均含量分别为2.53、0.65、0.18、0.02、0.97、0.38和51.58mg·L-1;池塘沉积物中总氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总磷、无机磷、有机磷和烧失量平均含量分别为1575.36、35.73、13.30、2.88、933.19、490.14、414.75mg·kg-1和5.44%;90%以上的池塘总氮、总磷含量达到或超过富营养化水平.位于村庄内的池塘上覆水和沉积物中总氮和氨氮的含量显著高于位于农田区域的池塘.上覆水和沉积物中无机氮表现为:氨氮>硝态氮>亚硝态氮.池塘上覆水和沉积物中有机质与总氮、总磷之间存在显著的正相关性.池塘中氮、磷和有机物质主要为陆源性输入,池塘位置和径流补给方式明显影响其中的氮、磷和有机质含量.通过截留径流中的氮、磷和有机质,池塘能够有效减少进入巢湖的营养盐含量.
There are a lot of ponds around Chaohu Lake.According to location and runoff supply of ponds,the ponds are divided into three types:ponds inner vellage (PIV),ponds adjacent vellage (PAV) and ponds outer vellage (POV).The samples of water and sediment were collected from 136 ponds around Chaohu Lake and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in water and sediments were analyzed in this study.The results showed that mean contents of total nitrogen (TN),NH 4+-N,NO 3--N,NO 2--N,total phosphorus (TP),soluble PO34--P and COD were 2.53,0.65,0.18,0.02,0.97,0.38 and 51.58 mg·L-1 in pond water,respectively;and mean contents of TN,NH 4+-N,NO 3--N,NO 2--N,TP,inorganic phosphorus (IP),organic phosphorus (OP) and loss of ignition (LOI) in pond sediment were 1 575.36,35.73,13.30,2.88,933.19,490.14,414.75 mg·kg-1 and 5.44%,respectivly.The ponds of more than 90% peresented eutrophycation in the contents of total notrogen and phosphorus in water.The contents of TN and NH 4+-N in water and sediment of PIV were significantly higher than that of POV.And the contents of inorganic nitrogen in pond water and sediment displayed a following order:NH 4+-N>NO 3--N>NO 2--N.Data analysis indicated taht there was a significantly positive correlation between organic amtter and tototal nitrogen and phosphorus in water and sediment.The nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in ponds mainly sourced farmlands and village land surface.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in ponds were affected by location and runoff supply of ponds.By retainning nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in runoff,the ponds can effectively decrease nutrient content into Chaohu Lake.
There are a lot of ponds around Chaohu Lake.According to location and runoff supply of ponds,the ponds are divided into three types:ponds inner vellage (PIV),ponds adjacent vellage (PAV) and ponds outer vellage (POV).The samples of water and sediment were collected from 136 ponds around Chaohu Lake and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in water and sediments were analyzed in this study.The results showed that mean contents of total nitrogen (TN),NH 4+-N,NO 3--N,NO 2--N,total phosphorus (TP),soluble PO34--P and COD were 2.53,0.65,0.18,0.02,0.97,0.38 and 51.58 mg·L-1 in pond water,respectively;and mean contents of TN,NH 4+-N,NO 3--N,NO 2--N,TP,inorganic phosphorus (IP),organic phosphorus (OP) and loss of ignition (LOI) in pond sediment were 1 575.36,35.73,13.30,2.88,933.19,490.14,414.75 mg·kg-1 and 5.44%,respectivly.The ponds of more than 90% peresented eutrophycation in the contents of total notrogen and phosphorus in water.The contents of TN and NH 4+-N in water and sediment of PIV were significantly higher than that of POV.And the contents of inorganic nitrogen in pond water and sediment displayed a following order:NH 4+-N>NO 3--N>NO 2--N.Data analysis indicated taht there was a significantly positive correlation between organic amtter and tototal nitrogen and phosphorus in water and sediment.The nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in ponds mainly sourced farmlands and village land surface.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in ponds were affected by location and runoff supply of ponds.By retainning nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in runoff,the ponds can effectively decrease nutrient content into Chaohu Lake.
引文
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[13]Avnimelech Y,Ritvo G.Shrimp and fish pond soils:processes and management[J].Aquaculture,2003,220(1-4):549-567.
[14]王绪伟,王心源,史杜芳.巢湖污染现状与水质恢复措施[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(4):13-15.
[15]管佳佳,洪天求,贾志海,等.巢湖烔炀河水质评价及主成分分析[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2008,16(3):89-93.
[16]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[17]《环境污染物分析方法》科研协作组.环境污染物分析方法——无机物分析[M].(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1987,355-390
[18]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.81-89.
[19]蔡煜东,汪列,姚林声.水质富营养化程度的人工神经网络决策模型[J].中国环境科学,1995,15(2):123-127.
[20]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海沉积物中有机质和全氮含量分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):620-624.
[21]陈敬安,万国江.云南程海现代沉积物环境记录研究[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):112-116.
[22]毛战坡,尹澄清,王雨春,等.污染物在农田溪流生态系统中的动态变化[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2614-2623.
[23]毛战坡,单保庆,尹澄清,等.磷在农田溪流中的动态变化[J].环境科学,2003,24(6):1-8.
[24]孙振中,陈家长.上海地区内陆淡水渔业生产对环境的影响[J].水产科技情报,2006,33(4):165-168.
[25]张震,司友斌,谷勋刚,等.巢湖流域规模化养殖场畜禽粪便污染负荷研究——以居巢区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(15):7159-7161.
[2]秦伯强,朱广伟,张路,等.大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放模式及其估算方法——以太湖为例[J].中国科学(D辑)地球科学,2005,(增刊Ⅱ):33-44.
[3]李如忠,洪天求.巢湖流域农业非点源污染控制对策研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,20(1):105110.
[4]潘成荣,汪家权,郑志侠,等.巢湖沉积物中氮与磷赋存形态研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(1):43-47.
[5]金相灿,庞燕,王圣瑞,等.长江中下游浅水湖沉积物磷形态及其分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):279-285.
[6]尹澄清,单保庆.多水塘系统:控制面源磷污染的可持续方法[J].AMBIO,2001,30(6):369-375.
[7]毛战坡,彭文启,尹澄清,等.非点源污染物在多水塘系统中的流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):530-535.
[8]徐红灯,席北斗,翟丽华.沟渠沉积物对农田排水中氨氮的截留效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):19241928.
[9]Nhan D K,Milstein A,Verdegem M C J,et al.Food inputs,water quality and nutrient accumulation in integrated pond systems:A multivariate approach[J].Aquaculture,2006,26(1):160-173.
[10]Hamer A J,Makings J A,Lane S J,et al.Amphibian decline and fertilizers used on agricultural land in south-eastern Australia[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102(3):299-305.
[11]Peltzer P M,Lajmanovich R C,Sánchez-Hernandez J C,et al.Effects of agricultural pond eutrophication on survival and health status of Scinax nasicus tadpoles[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,70(1):185-197.
[12]Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.The value of wetlands:importance of scale and landscape setting[J].Ecological Economics,2000,35(1):25-33.
[13]Avnimelech Y,Ritvo G.Shrimp and fish pond soils:processes and management[J].Aquaculture,2003,220(1-4):549-567.
[14]王绪伟,王心源,史杜芳.巢湖污染现状与水质恢复措施[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(4):13-15.
[15]管佳佳,洪天求,贾志海,等.巢湖烔炀河水质评价及主成分分析[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2008,16(3):89-93.
[16]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[17]《环境污染物分析方法》科研协作组.环境污染物分析方法——无机物分析[M].(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1987,355-390
[18]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.81-89.
[19]蔡煜东,汪列,姚林声.水质富营养化程度的人工神经网络决策模型[J].中国环境科学,1995,15(2):123-127.
[20]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海沉积物中有机质和全氮含量分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):620-624.
[21]陈敬安,万国江.云南程海现代沉积物环境记录研究[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):112-116.
[22]毛战坡,尹澄清,王雨春,等.污染物在农田溪流生态系统中的动态变化[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2614-2623.
[23]毛战坡,单保庆,尹澄清,等.磷在农田溪流中的动态变化[J].环境科学,2003,24(6):1-8.
[24]孙振中,陈家长.上海地区内陆淡水渔业生产对环境的影响[J].水产科技情报,2006,33(4):165-168.
[25]张震,司友斌,谷勋刚,等.巢湖流域规模化养殖场畜禽粪便污染负荷研究——以居巢区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(15):7159-7161.
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