1970~2009年安徽省大雾气候特征分析
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摘要
为了弄清安徽省大雾时空演变规律,利用安徽地面气象站1970~2009年40a的气象观测资料,对安徽省大雾的气候特征进行了系统的分析。研究发现安徽省大雾具有显著的年代际、季节性和区域性变化特征,结果表明:(1)年代际变化,安徽省雾日数在80年代达到最高,由于城市发展和气候变化的影响,雾日数不断减少。同时,雾生时间年代际变化不大,而雾消时间则不断后延,直接导致雾的持续时间不断增加,40a间雾的持续时间增加将近1h;(2)安徽省大雾四季特征分明,空间分布不均。冬季是安徽大雾的高发期,大雾日数最多,持续时间最长,雾中最小能见度最低,雾的影响最为严重。在夏季,大雾日数最少,持续时间最短,雾中最小能见度最大,雾的影响最弱;(3)空间分布上,皖北和皖南山区雾日数和雾的持续时间都较长,雾中最小能见度都较低。而在中部地区则相反,雾的影响较弱。
In this study,climatic features of fogs in Anhui Province were systematically analyzed,based on the data provided by surface observation stations from 1970 to 2009.The results showed that fogs in Anhui Province expressed a notable decadal variability.Foggy days peaked in 1980's,after which foggy days decreased continuously from 1980's to 2000's.Meanwhile,decadal variability of fog generation time was not evident,but delayed fog dissipation time was obvious.As a result,fog duration increased approximately one hour during the forty years.Besides,the seasonal variation was obvious and the spatial distribution was not uniform.The season of high-frequency fog was winter,with most foggy days,longest fog duration and lowest fog visibility.The effect of fog in winter was the largest in the whole year.In the opposite,the season of low-frequency fog was summer,with least foggy days shortest fog duration,lowest fog visibility.The effect of fog in summer was the weakest in the whole year.In terms of spatial variation,fogs mainly occurred in the north region and the south mountainous region.
In this study,climatic features of fogs in Anhui Province were systematically analyzed,based on the data provided by surface observation stations from 1970 to 2009.The results showed that fogs in Anhui Province expressed a notable decadal variability.Foggy days peaked in 1980's,after which foggy days decreased continuously from 1980's to 2000's.Meanwhile,decadal variability of fog generation time was not evident,but delayed fog dissipation time was obvious.As a result,fog duration increased approximately one hour during the forty years.Besides,the seasonal variation was obvious and the spatial distribution was not uniform.The season of high-frequency fog was winter,with most foggy days,longest fog duration and lowest fog visibility.The effect of fog in winter was the largest in the whole year.In the opposite,the season of low-frequency fog was summer,with least foggy days shortest fog duration,lowest fog visibility.The effect of fog in summer was the weakest in the whole year.In terms of spatial variation,fogs mainly occurred in the north region and the south mountainous region.
引文
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[23]尹球,许绍祖.辐射雾生消的数值研究(Ⅱ):生消机制[J].气象学报,1994,52(1):60-67.
[2]谢一凇,李东辉,李凯涛,等.基于地基遥感的灰霾气溶胶光学及微物理特性观测[J].遥感学报,2013,17(4):970-980.
[3]邓学良,何冬燕,潘德炉,等.卫星遥感中国海域气溶胶直接辐射强迫[J].气象学报,2010,68(5):666-679.
[4]陈仁杰,阚海东.雾霾污染与人体健康[J].自然杂志,2013,35(5):342-344.
[5]赵慧霞,王维国,李泽椿,等.雾对我国交通运输的不利影响及对策[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(2):58-62.
[6]张福斌,余清波.浅谈雾对农业生产的影响[J].吉林农业,2012(6):145-146.
[7]吴兑,吴晓京,李菲,等.中国大陆1951-2005年雾与轻雾的长期变化[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(2):145-151.
[8]李子华.中国近40年来雾的研究[J].气象学报,2001,59(5):616-624.
[9]李子华,忡良喜,俞香仁.西南地区和长江下游雾的时空分布和物理结构[J].地理学报,1992,47(3):242-251.
[10]何立富,陈涛,毛卫星.华北平原一次持续性大雾过程的成因分析[J].热带气象学报,2006,22(4):340-350.
[11]刘小宁,张洪政,李庆祥,等.我国大雾的气候特征及变化初步解释[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(2):220-230.
[12]史月琴,邓雪娇,胡志晋,等.一次山地浓雾的三维数值研究[J].热带气象学报,2006,22(4):351-359.
[13]LI Z H,ZHANG L M,ZHANG Q H.The physical structure of the winter fog in Chongqing metropolitan area and its formation process[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1994,8(3):316-328.
[14]孙彧,马振峰,牛涛,等.最近40年中国雾日数和霾日数的气候变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(3):397-406.
[15]王丽萍,陈少勇,董安祥.气候变化对中国大雾的影响[J].地理学报,2006,61(5):527-536.
[16]SHI C E,ROTH M,ZHANG H,et al.Impacts of urbanization on long-term fog variation in Anhui Province,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(36):8484-8492.
[17]石春娥,杨军,邱明燕,等.从雾的气候变化看城市发展对雾的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(3):327-336.
[18]陶寅,王胜,田红,等.安徽省大雾时空分布特征及其发生的气象条件[J].地理科学,2012,32(3):374-379.
[19]汪学军.九华山雾的时空分布特征及地形的影响作用[J].南京信息工程大学学报:自然科学版,2013,5(3):229-235.
[20]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:21-27.
[21]林建,杨贵名,毛冬艳.我国大雾的时空分布特征及其发生的环流形势[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(2):171-181.
[22]毛冬艳,杨贵名.华北平原雾发生的气象条件[J].气象,2006,32(1):78-83.
[23]尹球,许绍祖.辐射雾生消的数值研究(Ⅱ):生消机制[J].气象学报,1994,52(1):60-67.
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