安徽新安江流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及空间分异特征
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摘要
新安江流域既是国家级水土流失重点预防保护区,也是重要的饮用水源保护区,在区域生态安全中发挥着重要的功能和作用。以通用土壤流失方程(USLE)为理论依据,根据《生态功能区划技术暂行规程》,探讨降雨、土壤、地形、植被等因子对安徽新安江流域土壤侵蚀敏感性的影响,基于GIS空间分析功能进行因子叠加运算,综合分析评价区域土壤侵蚀敏感性及空间分异特征。结果表明:1)安徽新安江流域土壤侵蚀敏感性分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感和极敏感5个等级,其中,轻度敏感面积最大,占流域总面积的47.77%,中度敏感面积次之,占流域总面积的32.92%,高度及以上敏感面积较小,仅占流域总面积的5.39%;2)空间分布上,土壤侵蚀敏感性由中部平原区向周边中低山区逐渐增强,其中,敏感性较高的区域主要分布在徽州区北部、休宁县西南部、歙县东部及西北部、绩溪县东部的大起伏丘陵和中低山区;3)土壤侵蚀敏感性与土壤侵蚀现状具有较高的一致性,土壤侵蚀多发生在土壤侵蚀敏感性较高的地区,但歙县东部、休宁县南部的山丘区等区域由于人为因素的影响存在一定的差异。
The Xin'anjiang river basin in Anhui Province as a national key prevention and control area of soil and water loss,as well as a key protection area of drinking water in China,plays an important role in regional ecological security. Based on the universal soil loss equation( USLE) and in accordance with the Interim Regulations of Ecological Function Zoning, the influence of rainfall, soil, topography and vegetation on soil erosion sensitivity was explored in the Xin' anjiang river basin. On basis of the abovementioned data,we applied the factors appraisal method to assess soil erosion sensitivity and spatial heterogeneity. Results showed that: 1) In the Xin'anjiang river basin,the soil erosion sensitivity can be divided into five levels,i. e. insensitive,slightly sensitive,moderately sensitive,strongly sensitive and extremely sensitive. Slightly sensitive area is the largest,accounting for 47. 77% of the total area,followed by moderately sensitive area,32. 92%; strongly and extremely sensitive areas are much smaller,only 5. 39% together. 2) In terms of spatial distribution,the sensitivity increases from the plains to thelow mountains,and the highly sensitive areas are mainly in large undulating hills and low mountains,such as northern Huizhou district,southwestern Xiuning County,eastern and northwestern She County,and eastern Jixi County. 3) The distribution of soil erosion sensitivity is consistent with that of the soil erosion situation. The highly sensitive regions always suffer serious soil erosion in majority of the sample areas,except in some areas such as eastern She County and southern Xiuning County where some differences exist due to the impact of human factors.
The Xin'anjiang river basin in Anhui Province as a national key prevention and control area of soil and water loss,as well as a key protection area of drinking water in China,plays an important role in regional ecological security. Based on the universal soil loss equation( USLE) and in accordance with the Interim Regulations of Ecological Function Zoning, the influence of rainfall, soil, topography and vegetation on soil erosion sensitivity was explored in the Xin' anjiang river basin. On basis of the abovementioned data,we applied the factors appraisal method to assess soil erosion sensitivity and spatial heterogeneity. Results showed that: 1) In the Xin'anjiang river basin,the soil erosion sensitivity can be divided into five levels,i. e. insensitive,slightly sensitive,moderately sensitive,strongly sensitive and extremely sensitive. Slightly sensitive area is the largest,accounting for 47. 77% of the total area,followed by moderately sensitive area,32. 92%; strongly and extremely sensitive areas are much smaller,only 5. 39% together. 2) In terms of spatial distribution,the sensitivity increases from the plains to thelow mountains,and the highly sensitive areas are mainly in large undulating hills and low mountains,such as northern Huizhou district,southwestern Xiuning County,eastern and northwestern She County,and eastern Jixi County. 3) The distribution of soil erosion sensitivity is consistent with that of the soil erosion situation. The highly sensitive regions always suffer serious soil erosion in majority of the sample areas,except in some areas such as eastern She County and southern Xiuning County where some differences exist due to the impact of human factors.
引文
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[14]杨勤科,郭伟玲,张宏鸣,等.基于DEM的流域坡度坡长因子计算方法研究初报[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):203-206
[15]Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slop gradient effects on soil loss for slops[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840
[16]Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A,Shi Peijun,et al.Slope length effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1759-1763
[17]张岩,刘宪春,李智广,等.利用侵蚀模型普查黄土高原土壤侵蚀状况[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):165-171
[18]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220
[19]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型和地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24
[20]王万中,焦菊英,郝小品,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(Ⅰ)[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(4):5-18
[21]胡续礼,姜小三,杨树江,等.降雨侵蚀力简易算法地区适用性的初步探讨[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(5):44-49
[22]陈燕红,潘文斌,蔡芫镔.基于RUSLE的流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价:以福建省吉溪流域为例[J].山地学报,2007,25(4):490-496
[2]邹金浪,谢花林,杨子生,等.基于RUSLE的土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间自相关分析:以江西省兴国县为例[J].农业现代化研究,2011,32(6):761-765
[3]王文礼,张志明,欧晓昆.基于RUSLE/GIS方法的德钦县土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(增刊1):331-337
[4]张荣华,刘霞,姚孝友,等.桐柏大别山区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及空间分布[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(1):58-64
[5]王春菊,汤小华,郑达贤,等.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀敏感性评价研究[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(1):68-74
[6]卢远,华璀,周兴.基于GIS的广西土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(1):98-100
[7]赵明月,赵文武,安艺明,等.青海湖流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(2):15-20
[8]李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.三峡库区(重庆段)土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及空间分异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):788-796
[9]国家环境保护总局.生态功能区划技术暂行规程[EB/OL].[2014-03-25].http:∥sts.mep.gov.cn/stbh/Stglq/200308/t20030815_90755.htm
[10]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日降雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711
[11]章文波,付金生.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):35-41
[12]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40
[13]陈学华,周建中.基于GIS和RS的四川省彭州市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].山地学报,2011,29(6):707-712
[14]杨勤科,郭伟玲,张宏鸣,等.基于DEM的流域坡度坡长因子计算方法研究初报[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):203-206
[15]Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slop gradient effects on soil loss for slops[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840
[16]Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A,Shi Peijun,et al.Slope length effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1759-1763
[17]张岩,刘宪春,李智广,等.利用侵蚀模型普查黄土高原土壤侵蚀状况[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):165-171
[18]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220
[19]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型和地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24
[20]王万中,焦菊英,郝小品,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(Ⅰ)[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(4):5-18
[21]胡续礼,姜小三,杨树江,等.降雨侵蚀力简易算法地区适用性的初步探讨[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(5):44-49
[22]陈燕红,潘文斌,蔡芫镔.基于RUSLE的流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价:以福建省吉溪流域为例[J].山地学报,2007,25(4):490-496
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