六安市近45年来降水量空间分布研究
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摘要
为了进一步探明六安市降水量空间分布的特征,主要采用基于Arc GIS的Kriging插值法,对六安市近45年来的逐日降水量数据进行处理,得到各季节、年均和汛期多年平均降水量的空间分布图表,并分析了降水量的空间分布特征及其特异性原因。结果表明:六安市秋冬两季各地降水量差异不大,春季降水量从南向北、从西向东分别受到纬度和地形的影响,逐渐减少,夏季降水量受地形影响从西南向东北骤减,西南山区两县降水量较多,达到600 mm;年降水量整体上由西南向东北减少,即越靠近大别山腹地降水量越大,达到1 370 mm,南北相差达470mm,但在山区和平原地带内部变化不大;汛期降水也是自西南向东北递减,但降水集中系数却在南部地区自西向东递减,降低至0.56,然后向北部地区突增,达到0.67。说明六安市北部年内降水量变率大,这是受到地形与雨带的进退速度和时间等因素的综合影响。
In order to study the characteristics of spatial distribution of precipitation in Lu'an,the paper used Kriging interpolation method based on Arc GIS,and mainly to dispose the daily precipitation data in recent 56 years of lu'an. Then it got the rainfall spatial distribution and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristic of all seasons,average annual precipitation and flood season precipitation. The results show that the precipitation difference of autumn and winter in Lu'an is unobvious. The spring precipitation gradually reduces from south to north nd from west to east because of the influence of latitude and terrain. In summer,the precipitation is mainly influenced by terrain drops sharply from southwest to northeast. In southwest mountainous area,the precipitation is up to 600mm; the spatial distribution of annual precipitation reduces from southwest to northeast. The closer to the Dabie mountain hinterland,the greater the rainfall is. The most precipitation reaches 1370 mm,the difference is 470 mm. But in the mountains and plains belt,the falling gradient is low; the spatial distribution of precipitation in flood season also reduces from southwest to northeast,but the precipitation concentration efficiency reduces from west to east in south area,which reduces to 0. 56 and then jumps to 0. 67 in northern region. The result indicated that the inner-year variation of precipitation is great because of the influence of speed and time of terrain and rain belt.
In order to study the characteristics of spatial distribution of precipitation in Lu'an,the paper used Kriging interpolation method based on Arc GIS,and mainly to dispose the daily precipitation data in recent 56 years of lu'an. Then it got the rainfall spatial distribution and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristic of all seasons,average annual precipitation and flood season precipitation. The results show that the precipitation difference of autumn and winter in Lu'an is unobvious. The spring precipitation gradually reduces from south to north nd from west to east because of the influence of latitude and terrain. In summer,the precipitation is mainly influenced by terrain drops sharply from southwest to northeast. In southwest mountainous area,the precipitation is up to 600mm; the spatial distribution of annual precipitation reduces from southwest to northeast. The closer to the Dabie mountain hinterland,the greater the rainfall is. The most precipitation reaches 1370 mm,the difference is 470 mm. But in the mountains and plains belt,the falling gradient is low; the spatial distribution of precipitation in flood season also reduces from southwest to northeast,but the precipitation concentration efficiency reduces from west to east in south area,which reduces to 0. 56 and then jumps to 0. 67 in northern region. The result indicated that the inner-year variation of precipitation is great because of the influence of speed and time of terrain and rain belt.
引文
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[2]林忠辉,莫兴国,李宏轩,等.中国陆地区域气象要素的空间插值[J].地理学报,2002,57(1):47-56.
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[15]赵明松,程先富,张建春.六安地区近50年来降水量的变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2008,29(4):397-401.
[16]李远平,杨太保,马建国.大别山北坡典型区域降水年内分配不均匀性特征研究——以安徽省六安市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(9):1148-1153.
[17]李远平,赵咏梅,杨太保.基于加权马尔可夫链的六安市汛期降水预测研究[J].皖西学院学报,2009,25(2):92-95.
[18]李远平,赵咏梅,杨太保.淠河流域汛期旱涝变化的周期性与旱涝等级状态预测[J].资源科学,2009,31(6):1046-1050.
[19]李远平,杨太保,马建国.淠河流域汛期降水集中度和集中期的变化特征[J].资源科学,2012,34(3):418-423.
[20]蔡福,明惠青,刘兵,等.采用地统计学和GIS技术对东北地区不同时期降水的分析[J].中国农业气象,2006,27(4):296-299+304.
[21]周锁铨,薛根元,周丽峰,等.基于GIS降水空间分析的逐步插值方法[J].气象学报,2006,64(1):100-111.
[22]顾万龙,王纪军,朱业玉,等.淮河流域降水量年内分配变化规律分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4):426-431.
[23]张录军,钱永甫.长江流域汛期降水集中程度和洪涝关系研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):622-630.
[24]刘芸芸,丁一汇.西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(6):1225-1237.
[25]郭忆,毕硕本,张余庆,等.地理地形因子对长江中下游平原降水空间分布影响的估算和分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(29):8555-8560.
[26]Wotling G,Bouvier C H,Danloux J,et al.Regionalization of extreme precipitation distribution using the principal components of the topographical environment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,233(1):86-101.
[27]林爱兰,郑彬,谷德军,等.2006年东亚夏季风活动特征与我国东部雨带分布[J].热带气象学报,2009,25(2):129-140.
[2]林忠辉,莫兴国,李宏轩,等.中国陆地区域气象要素的空间插值[J].地理学报,2002,57(1):47-56.
[3]魏凤英,谢宇.近百年长江中下游梅雨的年际及年代际振荡[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(4):492-499.
[4]李茜,魏凤英,李栋梁.近159年东亚夏季风年代际变化与中国东部旱涝分布[J].地理学报,2011,66(1):25-37.
[5]陈仁升,康尔泗,张济世.小波变换在河西地区水文和气候周期变化分析中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(3):339-345.
[6]宋巧云,魏凤英,许晨海.淮河流域暴雨过程的数值模拟和诊断分析[J].南京气象学院学报,2006,29(3):342-347.
[7]衡彤,王文圣,丁晶.降水量时间序列变化的小波特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(5):466-470.
[8]李远平,杨太保.柴达木盆地近50年来年气温、降水的小波分析[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(5):708-713.
[9]封志明,杨艳昭,丁晓强,等.气象要素空间插值方法优化[J].地理研究,2004,23(3):357-364.
[10]Atkinson P M,Lloyd C D.Mapping precipitation in Switzerland with ordinary and indicator Kriging.Special issue:spatial interpolation comparison 97[J].Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis,1998,2(2):65-76.
[11]邵晓梅,严昌荣,魏红兵.基于Kriging插值的黄河流域降水时空分布格局[J].中国农业气象,2006,27(2):65-69.
[12]刘刚,赵荣,刘纪平,等.澜沧江流域降水量空间分布的克里格插值分析[J].测绘科学,2007,32(3):104-105+113.
[13]李新,程国栋,卢玲.空间内插方法比较[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(3):260-265.
[14]范银贵.空间插值方法在绘制降水量等值线中的应用[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(3):48-50.
[15]赵明松,程先富,张建春.六安地区近50年来降水量的变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2008,29(4):397-401.
[16]李远平,杨太保,马建国.大别山北坡典型区域降水年内分配不均匀性特征研究——以安徽省六安市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(9):1148-1153.
[17]李远平,赵咏梅,杨太保.基于加权马尔可夫链的六安市汛期降水预测研究[J].皖西学院学报,2009,25(2):92-95.
[18]李远平,赵咏梅,杨太保.淠河流域汛期旱涝变化的周期性与旱涝等级状态预测[J].资源科学,2009,31(6):1046-1050.
[19]李远平,杨太保,马建国.淠河流域汛期降水集中度和集中期的变化特征[J].资源科学,2012,34(3):418-423.
[20]蔡福,明惠青,刘兵,等.采用地统计学和GIS技术对东北地区不同时期降水的分析[J].中国农业气象,2006,27(4):296-299+304.
[21]周锁铨,薛根元,周丽峰,等.基于GIS降水空间分析的逐步插值方法[J].气象学报,2006,64(1):100-111.
[22]顾万龙,王纪军,朱业玉,等.淮河流域降水量年内分配变化规律分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4):426-431.
[23]张录军,钱永甫.长江流域汛期降水集中程度和洪涝关系研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):622-630.
[24]刘芸芸,丁一汇.西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(6):1225-1237.
[25]郭忆,毕硕本,张余庆,等.地理地形因子对长江中下游平原降水空间分布影响的估算和分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(29):8555-8560.
[26]Wotling G,Bouvier C H,Danloux J,et al.Regionalization of extreme precipitation distribution using the principal components of the topographical environment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,233(1):86-101.
[27]林爱兰,郑彬,谷德军,等.2006年东亚夏季风活动特征与我国东部雨带分布[J].热带气象学报,2009,25(2):129-140.
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