巢湖典型支流柘皋河水质污染时空变化特征
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摘要
通过沿河实地调查和在河流出口断面的月取样监测,探讨巢湖典型支流柘皋河水质时空变化特征及污染来源。结果表明:柘皋河上游河段水质较好,属于Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质,但也达到了富营养化水平,营养盐主要来自附近农田;中部柘皋镇段污染严重,水质属于Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类,达到重度富营养化水平,该河段及其下游河段的水生生态系统受到极大影响,污染主要来源为柘皋镇未处理生活污水的直接排放;中下游支流及下游河段水质属于Ⅲ～Ⅴ类,富营养化比较严重,水质既受上游影响,也与下游农业、生活和河道内污染来源有关。柘皋河河口处水质有明显的季节变化特征,硝态氮冬春季高于夏季,而总磷则相反,即夏季高于冬春季。磷是水体富营养化最重要的限制性元素,在夏季普遍达到了富营养化水平。柘皋河污染来源是混合型的,且有累积性特征,应采取综合手段对其污染进行防治,才能逐渐恢复柘皋河生态和环境功能,并减少污染物向巢湖的输送。
Spatial and temporal variation of water pollution of Zhegao river,a tributary of Chao lake,was studied based on the one-day field survey and sampling along the river and the monthly sampling at the outlet of the river during a period of four years.The results demonstrated that water quality of the upper part of the river was at the level Ⅱ-Ⅲ,according to the surface water quality standard,but the nutrient concentration attained moderately eutrophic status with the main nutrient source from agricultural fields;the middle part of the river,which flows through the Zhegao town and receives un-treated municipal effluent,was very seriously polluted,with water quality varying between Ⅴ and inferior Ⅴ and being in hypereutrophic status.The water quality of the main river and its tributaries in the downstream part was at the level Ⅲ-Ⅴ and was at eutrophic status,with multiple pollution sources,such as upstream flow,domestic and agricultural input,inner river sources.Water quality at the outlet showed obvious seasonality: Nitrate level was higher in winter-spring period than in summer period,while total phosphorus(TP) was on the country with higher TP levels in summer,which was a big threat for the river and its receiving water: Chao lake.Multiple control and management measures should be taken to improve the water quality of Zhegao river.
Spatial and temporal variation of water pollution of Zhegao river,a tributary of Chao lake,was studied based on the one-day field survey and sampling along the river and the monthly sampling at the outlet of the river during a period of four years.The results demonstrated that water quality of the upper part of the river was at the level Ⅱ-Ⅲ,according to the surface water quality standard,but the nutrient concentration attained moderately eutrophic status with the main nutrient source from agricultural fields;the middle part of the river,which flows through the Zhegao town and receives un-treated municipal effluent,was very seriously polluted,with water quality varying between Ⅴ and inferior Ⅴ and being in hypereutrophic status.The water quality of the main river and its tributaries in the downstream part was at the level Ⅲ-Ⅴ and was at eutrophic status,with multiple pollution sources,such as upstream flow,domestic and agricultural input,inner river sources.Water quality at the outlet showed obvious seasonality: Nitrate level was higher in winter-spring period than in summer period,while total phosphorus(TP) was on the country with higher TP levels in summer,which was a big threat for the river and its receiving water: Chao lake.Multiple control and management measures should be taken to improve the water quality of Zhegao river.
引文
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[2]Withers PJ A,Sharpley A N.Characterization and apportionment of nutrient and sedi ment sources in catchments[J].Journalof Hydrology,2008,350:127-130.
[3]金相灿,辛玮光,卢少勇,等.入湖污染河流对受纳湖湾水质的影响[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):52-56.
[4]Meybeck M.Looking for water quality[J].Hydrological Processes,2005,19(1):331-338.
[5]窦培谦,王晓燕,王丽华.非点源污染中氮磷迁移转化机理研究进展[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,27(2):93-98.
[6]邬明伟,李兆富,李恒鹏,等.太湖上游大溪水库流域营养盐输移时空特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2375-2382.
[7]Ferrier R C,Edwards A C.Sustainability of Scottish water qualityin the early 21st century[J].The Science of the Total En-vironment,2002,294:57-71.
[8]Stutter MI,Langan S J,Cooper R J.Spatial and temporal dynamics of stream water particulate and dissolved N,P and Cforms along a catchment transect,NE Scotland[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,350:187-202.
[9]魏荣菲,庄舜尧,戎静,等.苏州河网区河道上覆水与底泥中氮素形态分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):1433-1439.
[10]叶青青,官宝红,李君.杭州城市内河底泥磷污染与磷释放水力模拟[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1351-1356.
[11]卜红梅,王岑,张全发.汉江上游金水河流域非点源污染及控制[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):33-43.
[12]张国明,高扬,李兆君,等.汾河上游岚河流域非点源输出动态研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):102-106.
[13]Donohue I,Styles D,Coxon C,et al.I mportance of spatial and temporal patterns for assessment of risk of diffuse nutrient e-missions to surface waters[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,304:183-192.
[14]Yang X E,Wu X,Hao H L,et al.Mechanisms and assessment of water eutrophication[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Science B,2008,9(31):197-209.
[15]刘成,王兆印,黄文典,等.海河流域主要河口水沙污染现状分析[J].水利学报,2007,38(8):920-925.
目录