巢湖和太湖微囊藻毒素差异性研究
摘要
采用固相萃取高效液相色谱法检测巢湖和太湖水体中5种微囊藻毒素(MCs)——MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-LR、MC-LA、MC-LY的含量。结果表明,巢湖水体中的MCs以MC-RR、MC-LA、MC-LY为主,太湖水体主要以MC-RR、MC-LR、MC-LA为主,其中太湖MC-LR的最高质量浓度为2.558μg/L,超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中对集中式生活饮用水地表水源地的限定值(1μg/L)。分析巢湖和太湖水体中MCs与水质指标之间的相关性,发现同种MCs与两湖环境因子的相关性存在明显差异。逐步回归拟合结果表明,氨氮和DO分别能与巢湖MC-LR、MC-LY进行拟合;Chl-a、TOC能与太湖MC-LR回归拟合,TOC能与太湖MC-YR进行拟合。由于多数MCs不能通过水质指标的拟合结果来预测,因此在未来研究中需结合环境因子和MCs的遗传机制来共同分析MCs在水中的分布规律。
The concentrations of five microcystins(MCs)(MC-RR,MC-YR,MC-LR,MC-LA,MC-LY)in Chao Lake and Tai Lake were analyzed using solid-phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results showed that MC-RR,MC-LA and MC-LY were the main MCs in Chao Lake,MC-RR,MC-LR and MC-LA were the main MCs in Tai Lake.The highest concentration of MC-LR in Tai Lake was 2.558μg/L,which was higher than the limit value(1μg/L)in environmental quality standards for surface water(GB 3838-2002).The correlation between environmental factor and MCs of two lakes was investigated,results showed that the correlation of two lakes exist significant difference.Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the concentration of MC-LR in Chao Lake was in a linear relationship with ammonia nitrogen and the MC-LY was linear related with DO.The concentration of MC-LR of Tai Lake was in a linear relationship with Chl-a and TOC.There was also existed linear interaction between concentrations of MC-YR and TOC of Tai Lake.Because most of MCs could not be predicted by the fitting result of water quality index,so in future studies,water quality index should be combined with MCs generation mechanism to analyze the distribution rules of MCs in water.
The concentrations of five microcystins(MCs)(MC-RR,MC-YR,MC-LR,MC-LA,MC-LY)in Chao Lake and Tai Lake were analyzed using solid-phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results showed that MC-RR,MC-LA and MC-LY were the main MCs in Chao Lake,MC-RR,MC-LR and MC-LA were the main MCs in Tai Lake.The highest concentration of MC-LR in Tai Lake was 2.558μg/L,which was higher than the limit value(1μg/L)in environmental quality standards for surface water(GB 3838-2002).The correlation between environmental factor and MCs of two lakes was investigated,results showed that the correlation of two lakes exist significant difference.Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the concentration of MC-LR in Chao Lake was in a linear relationship with ammonia nitrogen and the MC-LY was linear related with DO.The concentration of MC-LR of Tai Lake was in a linear relationship with Chl-a and TOC.There was also existed linear interaction between concentrations of MC-YR and TOC of Tai Lake.Because most of MCs could not be predicted by the fitting result of water quality index,so in future studies,water quality index should be combined with MCs generation mechanism to analyze the distribution rules of MCs in water.
引文
[1]杨华.巢湖和太湖微囊藻毒素的生态学[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2006.
[2]吴静,王玉鹏,蒋颂辉,等.城市供水藻毒素污染水平的动态研究[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(4):322-325.
[3]周伦,鱼达,余海,等.饮用水源中微囊藻毒素与大肠癌发病的关系[J].中华预防医学杂志,2000,34(4):224-226.
[4]闫海,潘纲,张明明.微囊藻毒素研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1968-1975.
[5]陈隽.肝毒性微囊藻毒素在巢湖和太湖水生动物体内的生物富集及对水产品安全性的潜在威胁[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2006.
[6]许秋瑾,高光,陈伟民.太湖微囊藻毒素年变化及其与浮游生物的关系[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(1):28-31.
[7]杭君,张建英,陈英旭,等.微囊藻毒素含量与自然水体环境影响因子的相关性[J].环境科学,2006,27(10):1970-1973.
[8]王经结,杨佳,鲜啟鸣,等.太湖微囊藻毒素时空分布特征及与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):513-519.
[9]辛艳萍,韩博平,雷腊梅,等.两座抽水型水库蓝藻种群与微囊藻毒素的比较分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(3):224-230.
[10]陈丽丽,李秋华,滕明德,等.两座高原水库蓝藻群落结构与微囊藻毒素的分布对比研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6/7):1068-1074.果见表2。由表2可知,催化剂重复使用3次,甲基橙降解率仍可达70.5%。说明负载型磷钨酸催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能,由于每次实验过程中,都有一定的催化剂损失,因此甲基橙降解率有一定下降。表2催化剂使用次数对甲基橙降解率的影响Table 2 The effect of reuse times of catalysts on methyl orange degradation使用次数/次1 2 3甲基橙降解率/%80.4 75.6 70.5
[11]魏代春,苏婧,王骥,等.微囊藻毒素分布及与理化因子关系的研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(12):127-132.
[12]许帅.太湖中浮游植物生长受营养盐限制的时空变化规律研究[D].南京:南京大学,2013:20-46.
[13]靳红梅,江君,常志州.微囊藻毒素对青菜生长的影响及其在生物体内的累积[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(4):529-536.
[14]杨品红,王志陶.湖泊主要生态因子及富营养化治理研究展望[J].湖南文理学院学报,2012,22(3):45-52.
[15]吴和岩,郑力行,苏瑾,等.上海市供水系统微囊藻毒素LR含量调查[J].卫生研究,2005,34(2):152-154.
[16]施玮,吴和岩,赵耐青,等.淀山湖水质富营养化和微囊藻毒素污染水平[J].环境科学,2005,26(5):55-61.
[17]SHEN P P,SHI Q,HUA Z C,et al.Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteriablooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China[J].Environmental International,2003,29(5):641-647.
[18]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[19]王明翠,刘雪琴,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[20]金相灿.中国湖泊环境[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[21]GB 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[22]张敬平,肖付刚,赵晓联,等.微囊藻毒素分析检测技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.
[23]李大命,孔繁翔,张民,等.太湖和巢湖水华期间产毒微囊藻和非产毒微囊藻种群丰度的空间分布[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):480-485.
[24]李大命,孔繁翔,阳振,等.巢湖夏季和冬季有毒微囊藻和无毒微囊藻种群丰度研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2672-2680.
[2]吴静,王玉鹏,蒋颂辉,等.城市供水藻毒素污染水平的动态研究[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(4):322-325.
[3]周伦,鱼达,余海,等.饮用水源中微囊藻毒素与大肠癌发病的关系[J].中华预防医学杂志,2000,34(4):224-226.
[4]闫海,潘纲,张明明.微囊藻毒素研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1968-1975.
[5]陈隽.肝毒性微囊藻毒素在巢湖和太湖水生动物体内的生物富集及对水产品安全性的潜在威胁[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2006.
[6]许秋瑾,高光,陈伟民.太湖微囊藻毒素年变化及其与浮游生物的关系[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(1):28-31.
[7]杭君,张建英,陈英旭,等.微囊藻毒素含量与自然水体环境影响因子的相关性[J].环境科学,2006,27(10):1970-1973.
[8]王经结,杨佳,鲜啟鸣,等.太湖微囊藻毒素时空分布特征及与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):513-519.
[9]辛艳萍,韩博平,雷腊梅,等.两座抽水型水库蓝藻种群与微囊藻毒素的比较分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(3):224-230.
[10]陈丽丽,李秋华,滕明德,等.两座高原水库蓝藻群落结构与微囊藻毒素的分布对比研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6/7):1068-1074.果见表2。由表2可知,催化剂重复使用3次,甲基橙降解率仍可达70.5%。说明负载型磷钨酸催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能,由于每次实验过程中,都有一定的催化剂损失,因此甲基橙降解率有一定下降。表2催化剂使用次数对甲基橙降解率的影响Table 2 The effect of reuse times of catalysts on methyl orange degradation使用次数/次1 2 3甲基橙降解率/%80.4 75.6 70.5
[11]魏代春,苏婧,王骥,等.微囊藻毒素分布及与理化因子关系的研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(12):127-132.
[12]许帅.太湖中浮游植物生长受营养盐限制的时空变化规律研究[D].南京:南京大学,2013:20-46.
[13]靳红梅,江君,常志州.微囊藻毒素对青菜生长的影响及其在生物体内的累积[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(4):529-536.
[14]杨品红,王志陶.湖泊主要生态因子及富营养化治理研究展望[J].湖南文理学院学报,2012,22(3):45-52.
[15]吴和岩,郑力行,苏瑾,等.上海市供水系统微囊藻毒素LR含量调查[J].卫生研究,2005,34(2):152-154.
[16]施玮,吴和岩,赵耐青,等.淀山湖水质富营养化和微囊藻毒素污染水平[J].环境科学,2005,26(5):55-61.
[17]SHEN P P,SHI Q,HUA Z C,et al.Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteriablooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China[J].Environmental International,2003,29(5):641-647.
[18]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[19]王明翠,刘雪琴,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[20]金相灿.中国湖泊环境[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[21]GB 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[22]张敬平,肖付刚,赵晓联,等.微囊藻毒素分析检测技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.
[23]李大命,孔繁翔,张民,等.太湖和巢湖水华期间产毒微囊藻和非产毒微囊藻种群丰度的空间分布[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):480-485.
[24]李大命,孔繁翔,阳振,等.巢湖夏季和冬季有毒微囊藻和无毒微囊藻种群丰度研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2672-2680.
目录