安庆市怀宁县马山口地区岩溶塌陷的分布特征及形成条件分析
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摘要
安庆市怀宁县马山口地区岩溶塌陷灾害是安徽省大型地质灾害点。在对该区地质环境条件及岩溶塌陷时空分布等分析的基础上,系统总结出了马山口地区岩溶塌陷的形成与分布特征:(1)马山口岩溶塌陷形成始于1987年,盛发于1988-1992年,该高发时段共产生塌陷坑39个,占全区塌陷总数的43.8%,特别是1992年,形成的塌陷坑达24个,而1993年以后年均塌陷仅为2.6个。(2)地貌上塌陷坑主要分布在地势低洼的河漫滩,其次为低丘山坡地貌;在地层岩性上,塌陷坑主要分布在三叠系下统南陵湖组、中统月山组灰岩、大理岩地层中;在水文地质上,塌陷坑主要分布于地下水的降落漏斗范围内,特别集中于地下水主要径流方向和水交替强烈的河谷及地表水与地下水联系密切地段。可溶岩地层的存在、松散覆盖层厚度小(一般在10m以内)和地下水位频繁波动变化是马山口地区岩溶塌陷产生的必要条件,其中由于矿区疏干排水引起的地下水动力场急剧变化对岩溶塌陷的形成至关重要,是岩溶塌陷发生的主要因素。
The Mashankou karst collapse in Huaining county is a large-scale geological hazards site in Anhui Province.On the basis of systematic analysis on geological environment and space-time distribution in this area,the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of the Mashankou karst collapse are summarized as follows,(1) The Mashankou karst collapse is formed in 1987 and enters the outbreak period during 1988-1992 when 39 collapse pits,account for 43.8 % of the total collapse.Especially in 1992,the collapse pits are up to 24,but after 1993 the average annual collapse is only 2.6,(2) Geomorphologically speaking,the collapse pits are mainly distribute in the low-lying floodplain,then in the low hill slope;lithologically,collapse pits are mainly distributed in T1n,T2y1 and T2y3;hydro-geologically,collapse pits are mainly distribute in the groundwater depression cone range with special focus on groundwater run off direction,and in valleys where water alternates strongly and in area where surface water and groundwater contact closely with each other.The necessary conditions which cause the Mashankou karst collapse include soluble stratum,thin debris cover(generally within 10 m) and frequent fluctuation of the groundwater table.And among them,dramatic change in groundwater dynamic field caused by mine dewatering is the most important factors,which is considered the major cause of the karst collapse.
The Mashankou karst collapse in Huaining county is a large-scale geological hazards site in Anhui Province.On the basis of systematic analysis on geological environment and space-time distribution in this area,the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of the Mashankou karst collapse are summarized as follows,(1) The Mashankou karst collapse is formed in 1987 and enters the outbreak period during 1988-1992 when 39 collapse pits,account for 43.8 % of the total collapse.Especially in 1992,the collapse pits are up to 24,but after 1993 the average annual collapse is only 2.6,(2) Geomorphologically speaking,the collapse pits are mainly distribute in the low-lying floodplain,then in the low hill slope;lithologically,collapse pits are mainly distributed in T1n,T2y1 and T2y3;hydro-geologically,collapse pits are mainly distribute in the groundwater depression cone range with special focus on groundwater run off direction,and in valleys where water alternates strongly and in area where surface water and groundwater contact closely with each other.The necessary conditions which cause the Mashankou karst collapse include soluble stratum,thin debris cover(generally within 10 m) and frequent fluctuation of the groundwater table.And among them,dramatic change in groundwater dynamic field caused by mine dewatering is the most important factors,which is considered the major cause of the karst collapse.
引文
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[18]戴建玲,雷明堂,蒋小珍.线性工程岩溶塌陷危险性评价研究[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(3):296-302.
[19]邓启江,李星宇,吕琼,等.昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):23-29.
[20]蒙彦,黄健民,雷明堂.基于灰色Verhulst模型的岩溶塌陷定量预报预测方法[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):17-22.
[2]M Van Den J Poesena,M Dusarc,Eeckhauta,et al.Sinkholeformation above underground limestone quarries:A case studyin South Limburg(Belgium)[J].Geomorphology,2007,91:19-37.
[3]Johnson K S.Subsidence hazards due to evaporite dissolution inthe United States[J].Environmental Geology,2005,48:395-409.
[4]Jones C J F P,Cooper A H.Road construction over voidscaused by active gypsum dissolution,with an example from Ri-pon,North Yorkshire,England[J].Environmental Geology,2005,48:384-394.
[5]Kaufmann O,Quinif Y.Geohazard map of cover-collapse sink-holes in the‘Tournaisis’area,southern Belgium[J].Engineer-ing Geology,2002,65:117-124.
[6]陈国亮.岩溶地面塌陷的成因与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994:48-51.
[7]高宗军.泰安岩溶地面塌陷形成机理与防治对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001,12(4):73-76.
[8]安徽省地质矿产局.安徽省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:530-532.
[9]孙凤贤,李方根,金传旺,等.安徽省怀宁县月山镇黄岭地区岩溶塌陷勘查报告[R].2008:68-72.
[10]贺可强,王滨,杜汝霖.中国北方岩溶塌陷[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:45-46.
[11]胡瑞林,王思敬.唐山市岩溶塌陷区域风险评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):180-182.
[12]周宁,刘波.鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶带发育强度变化规律研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):1-6.
[13]劳文科,李兆林,罗伟权,等.洛塔地区表层岩溶带基本特征及其类型划分[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(1):30-35.
[14]袁杰,高宗军,马海会.论岩溶地下水位对岩溶塌陷形成的控制作用——以山东枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):95-98.
[15]廖怀军,王积宽,彭亮.重庆煤矿区岩溶地下水的水动力特征[J].中国水运,2009,9(2):179-183.
[16]Salvati R,Sasowsky I D.Development of collapse sinkholes inareas of groundwater discharge[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,264:1-11.
[17]贺可强,王滨,万继涛.枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5):564-569.
[18]戴建玲,雷明堂,蒋小珍.线性工程岩溶塌陷危险性评价研究[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(3):296-302.
[19]邓启江,李星宇,吕琼,等.昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):23-29.
[20]蒙彦,黄健民,雷明堂.基于灰色Verhulst模型的岩溶塌陷定量预报预测方法[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):17-22.
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