基于MODIS的安徽省代表城市热岛效应时空特征
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摘要
利用2001—2010年覆盖安徽省的MODIS数据,选取在气候、地理、城市化等方面具有代表性的合肥、芜湖、阜阳作为研究对象,并结合GIS技术,分析地表温度的日变化及季节变化特征,得到安徽省代表城市热岛效应的时空分布。结果表明:安徽省省会合肥的热岛效应最为显著,安徽省南部代表城市芜湖的热岛效应强于北部代表城市阜阳,同时具有显著的日变化和季节变化特征。近10年来,安徽代表城市热岛面积和热岛强度均呈增加趋势,但合肥热岛强度大于3℃的极端热岛效应有一定缓解。白天大片水体对缓解城市的热岛效应作用明显,而夜晚则不明显,甚至成为地表温度的高值中心。夏季地表温度与归一化植被指数的负相关最显著,即提高城市植被覆盖度对降低地表温度和缓解城市热岛效应有重要影响。
Anhui Province is a place with great economic development and potential that lies in the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta.The topography and climate of Anhui Province present obvious variousness,which can be divided into three natural regions:North China plain,Jianghuai hills and mountain areas of south Anhui.Anhui Province covers an area of 139600 km~2.The population of Anhui Province reaches 68.62 million by the end of 2010.Since the 1990s,great changes have happened in Anhui Province,e.g.,the tremendous growth of urban sprawl,population,vehicles and economy.In recent years,great increase in urban heat island(UHI) intensity also takes place in the areas with the most rapid urbanization due to fast economic growth and the increasing desire of people for an urban lifestyle.Hefei,the capital of AnhuiProvince,locating between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River with hilly terrain,the non-rural area population and urban built-up area of which reaches 1800000 and 326 km~2 in 2010,respectively.Wuhu,the economic center of southern Anhui,locating to the south of the Yangtze River with mountainous terrain,the non-rural area population and urban built-up area of which are respectively 950000 and 135 km~2 in2010.Fuyang,the economic center of northern Anhui,locating to the north of Huaihe River with a flat sub-layer,the non-rural area population and urban built-up area of which are 490000 and 76 km~2 in 2010,respectively.Land surface temperature(LST) retrieved from MODIS data is used to explore the characteristics of urban heat island(UHI) in Province during 2001 to 2010.Considering some factors(climate,geography and urbanization),three cities mentiened above are first selected to study the UHI.Moreover,diurnal and seasonal variations of LST in these cities are captured by MODIS with GIS technology.Finally,spatialtemporal characteristics of urban heat island are analyzed in representative cities of Anhui Province.The result shows that the heat island effect of Hefei is the most significant.The intensities of UHI in representaty cities of Anhui is stronger in the south area than in the north.Especially,diurnal and seasonal characteristics presented significantly.In recent 10 years,the UHI area and UHI intensity in representative cities maintain increasing tendency,while the extreme UHI intensity(more than 3℃) has a weaker enhancement in Hefei.Large bodies of water have a significant role in weakening the city heat island effect in daytime,while have no impacts on UHI effect in nighttime,even becoming high value center of LST.LST and NDVI show significant negative correlation in summer,so it is very important for improving vegetation coverage of the city to reduce land surface temperature and weaken the effects of UHI.
Anhui Province is a place with great economic development and potential that lies in the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta.The topography and climate of Anhui Province present obvious variousness,which can be divided into three natural regions:North China plain,Jianghuai hills and mountain areas of south Anhui.Anhui Province covers an area of 139600 km~2.The population of Anhui Province reaches 68.62 million by the end of 2010.Since the 1990s,great changes have happened in Anhui Province,e.g.,the tremendous growth of urban sprawl,population,vehicles and economy.In recent years,great increase in urban heat island(UHI) intensity also takes place in the areas with the most rapid urbanization due to fast economic growth and the increasing desire of people for an urban lifestyle.Hefei,the capital of AnhuiProvince,locating between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River with hilly terrain,the non-rural area population and urban built-up area of which reaches 1800000 and 326 km~2 in 2010,respectively.Wuhu,the economic center of southern Anhui,locating to the south of the Yangtze River with mountainous terrain,the non-rural area population and urban built-up area of which are respectively 950000 and 135 km~2 in2010.Fuyang,the economic center of northern Anhui,locating to the north of Huaihe River with a flat sub-layer,the non-rural area population and urban built-up area of which are 490000 and 76 km~2 in 2010,respectively.Land surface temperature(LST) retrieved from MODIS data is used to explore the characteristics of urban heat island(UHI) in Province during 2001 to 2010.Considering some factors(climate,geography and urbanization),three cities mentiened above are first selected to study the UHI.Moreover,diurnal and seasonal variations of LST in these cities are captured by MODIS with GIS technology.Finally,spatialtemporal characteristics of urban heat island are analyzed in representative cities of Anhui Province.The result shows that the heat island effect of Hefei is the most significant.The intensities of UHI in representaty cities of Anhui is stronger in the south area than in the north.Especially,diurnal and seasonal characteristics presented significantly.In recent 10 years,the UHI area and UHI intensity in representative cities maintain increasing tendency,while the extreme UHI intensity(more than 3℃) has a weaker enhancement in Hefei.Large bodies of water have a significant role in weakening the city heat island effect in daytime,while have no impacts on UHI effect in nighttime,even becoming high value center of LST.LST and NDVI show significant negative correlation in summer,so it is very important for improving vegetation coverage of the city to reduce land surface temperature and weaken the effects of UHI.
引文
[1]佟华,刘辉志,李延明,等.北京夏季城市热岛现状及楔形绿地规划对缓解城市热岛的作用.应用气象学报,2005,16(3):257-366.
[2]束炯,江田汉.上海城市热岛效应的特征分析.上海环境科学,2000,19(11):532-534.
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[4]周淑贞,束炯.城市气候学.北京:气象出版社,1994.
[5]唐国利,任国玉,周江兴.西南地区城市热岛强度变化对地面气温序列影响.应用气象学报,2008,19(6):722-729.
[6]张佳华,侯英雨,李贵才,等.北京城市及周边热岛日变化及季节特征的分析.中国科学,2005,35(增刊Ⅰ):187-194.
[7]张宏群,杨元建,荀尚培,等.安徽省植被和地表温度季节变化及空间分布特征.应用气象学报,2011,22(2):232-240.
[8]石涛,杨元建,张爱民,等.基于TM和GIS的合肥市热环境研究.遥感技术与应用,2011,26(2):156-162.
[9]江志红,叶丽梅.近十年南京城市热岛演变的遥感研究.南京信息工程大学学报,2010,2(2):148-154.
[10]葛伟强,周红妹,杨何群.基于MODIS数据的近8年长三角城市群热岛特征及演变分析.气象,2010,36(11):77-81.
[11]倪敏莉,申双和,张佳华.长江三角洲城市群热环境研究.大气科学学报,2009,32(5):711-715.
[12]王园园,李贵才,张艳.利用M(ODIS/LST产品分析基准气候站环境代表性.应用气象学报,2011,22(2):214-220.
[13]董立新,杨虎,张鹏,等.FY-3A陆表温度反演及高温天气过程动态监测.应用气象学报,2012,23(2):214-222.
[14]侯英雨,张佳华,延昊,等.利用卫星遥感资料估算区域尺度空气温度.气象,2010,36(4):75-79.
[15]安徽省统计局,国家统计局安徽调查总队.安徽统计年鉴(2002-2011).北京:中国统计出版社,2010:107-109.
[16]杨元建,石涛,张宏群,等.基于遥感的合肥市土地利用动态变化及其成因分析.中国农学通报,2011,27(8):454-459.
[17]严平,杨书运,王相文.合肥城市热岛强度及绿化效应.合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,23(3):348-352.
[18]石春娥,王兴荣,吴必文.合肥市夏季热岛特征研究.南京气象学院学报,2005,28(5):672-678.
[19]杨元建,石涛,唐为安,等.气象台站环境的卫星遥感调查与评估——以安徽代表气象站为例.遥感技术与应用,2011,26(6):791-797.
[20]石涛,杨元建,蒋跃林,等.城市热岛强度变化对安徽省气温序列的影响.气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):779-788.
[21]杨元建,石涛,荀尚培,等.基于遥感资料研究合肥城市化对气温的影响.气象,2011,37(11):1423-1430.
[22]Yang Yuanjian.Bi Wenwu.Shi Chun-e.et al.Impacts of urbanization and station-relocation on surface air temperature series in Anhui Province,China.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2012,DOI 10.1007/s00024-012-0619-9.
[23]王桂玲,蒋维楣,魏鸣.城市热岛效应的卫星遥感分析.南京气象学院学报,2007,30(3):289-304.
[24]叶彩华,刘勇洪,刘东伟,等.城市地表热环境遥感监测指标研究及应用.气象科技,2011,39(1):95-101.
[25]江学顶,夏北成.珠江三角洲城市群热环境空间格局动态.生态学报,2007,24(4):1461-1470.
[26]李兴荣,胡非,舒文军.近15年北京夏季城市热岛特征及其演变.气象,2006,32(8):42-46.
[27]陈辉,古琳,黎燕琼.成都市城市森林格局与热岛效应的关系.生态学报,2009,29(9):4865-4874.
[28]闫峰,覃志豪,李茂松,等.基于MODIS数据的上海市热岛效应研究.武汉大学学报,2007,32(7):576-580.
[29]李景林,郑玉洁,李悦,等.乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区城市化对温度的影响及热岛效应分析.高原气象,2010,29(6):1609-1618.
[30]盛辉,万红,崔建勇,等.基于TM影像的城市热岛效应监测与预测分析.遥感技术与应用,2010,25(1):8-14.
[31]Lo C P,Quattrochi D A,Luvall J C.Application of high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and GIS to assess the urban heat island effect.Int]Remote Sens,1997,18(2):287-304.
[32]张小飞,王仰麟,吴建生.城市地域LST-植被覆盖定量关系分析-以深圳市为例.地理研究,2006,25(3):369-377.
[33]Kawashima S.Ishida T.Minomura M.Relations between surface temperature and air temperature on a local scale during winter nights.J Appl Meteor,2000,39:1570-1579.
[34]邵全琴,孙朝阳,刘继远,等.中国城市扩展对气温观测的影响及其高估程度.地理学报,2009,64(11):1292-1302.
[35]高红燕,蔡新玲,贺皓,等.西安城市化对气温变化趋势的影响.地理学报,2009,64(9):1093-1102.
[36]刘熙明,胡非,李磊,等.北京市区夏季城市气候趋势和环境效应的分析研究.地球物理学报,2006,3:689-697.
[37]吴凌云,张井勇,董文杰.中国植被覆盖对日最高最低气温的影响.科学通报,2011,56(3):274-283.
[2]束炯,江田汉.上海城市热岛效应的特征分析.上海环境科学,2000,19(11):532-534.
[3]Gillies R R,Carlson T N.Thermal remote sensing of surface soil water content with partial vegetation cover for incorporation into climate models.J Appl Meteor,1995,34:745-756.
[4]周淑贞,束炯.城市气候学.北京:气象出版社,1994.
[5]唐国利,任国玉,周江兴.西南地区城市热岛强度变化对地面气温序列影响.应用气象学报,2008,19(6):722-729.
[6]张佳华,侯英雨,李贵才,等.北京城市及周边热岛日变化及季节特征的分析.中国科学,2005,35(增刊Ⅰ):187-194.
[7]张宏群,杨元建,荀尚培,等.安徽省植被和地表温度季节变化及空间分布特征.应用气象学报,2011,22(2):232-240.
[8]石涛,杨元建,张爱民,等.基于TM和GIS的合肥市热环境研究.遥感技术与应用,2011,26(2):156-162.
[9]江志红,叶丽梅.近十年南京城市热岛演变的遥感研究.南京信息工程大学学报,2010,2(2):148-154.
[10]葛伟强,周红妹,杨何群.基于MODIS数据的近8年长三角城市群热岛特征及演变分析.气象,2010,36(11):77-81.
[11]倪敏莉,申双和,张佳华.长江三角洲城市群热环境研究.大气科学学报,2009,32(5):711-715.
[12]王园园,李贵才,张艳.利用M(ODIS/LST产品分析基准气候站环境代表性.应用气象学报,2011,22(2):214-220.
[13]董立新,杨虎,张鹏,等.FY-3A陆表温度反演及高温天气过程动态监测.应用气象学报,2012,23(2):214-222.
[14]侯英雨,张佳华,延昊,等.利用卫星遥感资料估算区域尺度空气温度.气象,2010,36(4):75-79.
[15]安徽省统计局,国家统计局安徽调查总队.安徽统计年鉴(2002-2011).北京:中国统计出版社,2010:107-109.
[16]杨元建,石涛,张宏群,等.基于遥感的合肥市土地利用动态变化及其成因分析.中国农学通报,2011,27(8):454-459.
[17]严平,杨书运,王相文.合肥城市热岛强度及绿化效应.合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,23(3):348-352.
[18]石春娥,王兴荣,吴必文.合肥市夏季热岛特征研究.南京气象学院学报,2005,28(5):672-678.
[19]杨元建,石涛,唐为安,等.气象台站环境的卫星遥感调查与评估——以安徽代表气象站为例.遥感技术与应用,2011,26(6):791-797.
[20]石涛,杨元建,蒋跃林,等.城市热岛强度变化对安徽省气温序列的影响.气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):779-788.
[21]杨元建,石涛,荀尚培,等.基于遥感资料研究合肥城市化对气温的影响.气象,2011,37(11):1423-1430.
[22]Yang Yuanjian.Bi Wenwu.Shi Chun-e.et al.Impacts of urbanization and station-relocation on surface air temperature series in Anhui Province,China.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2012,DOI 10.1007/s00024-012-0619-9.
[23]王桂玲,蒋维楣,魏鸣.城市热岛效应的卫星遥感分析.南京气象学院学报,2007,30(3):289-304.
[24]叶彩华,刘勇洪,刘东伟,等.城市地表热环境遥感监测指标研究及应用.气象科技,2011,39(1):95-101.
[25]江学顶,夏北成.珠江三角洲城市群热环境空间格局动态.生态学报,2007,24(4):1461-1470.
[26]李兴荣,胡非,舒文军.近15年北京夏季城市热岛特征及其演变.气象,2006,32(8):42-46.
[27]陈辉,古琳,黎燕琼.成都市城市森林格局与热岛效应的关系.生态学报,2009,29(9):4865-4874.
[28]闫峰,覃志豪,李茂松,等.基于MODIS数据的上海市热岛效应研究.武汉大学学报,2007,32(7):576-580.
[29]李景林,郑玉洁,李悦,等.乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区城市化对温度的影响及热岛效应分析.高原气象,2010,29(6):1609-1618.
[30]盛辉,万红,崔建勇,等.基于TM影像的城市热岛效应监测与预测分析.遥感技术与应用,2010,25(1):8-14.
[31]Lo C P,Quattrochi D A,Luvall J C.Application of high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and GIS to assess the urban heat island effect.Int]Remote Sens,1997,18(2):287-304.
[32]张小飞,王仰麟,吴建生.城市地域LST-植被覆盖定量关系分析-以深圳市为例.地理研究,2006,25(3):369-377.
[33]Kawashima S.Ishida T.Minomura M.Relations between surface temperature and air temperature on a local scale during winter nights.J Appl Meteor,2000,39:1570-1579.
[34]邵全琴,孙朝阳,刘继远,等.中国城市扩展对气温观测的影响及其高估程度.地理学报,2009,64(11):1292-1302.
[35]高红燕,蔡新玲,贺皓,等.西安城市化对气温变化趋势的影响.地理学报,2009,64(9):1093-1102.
[36]刘熙明,胡非,李磊,等.北京市区夏季城市气候趋势和环境效应的分析研究.地球物理学报,2006,3:689-697.
[37]吴凌云,张井勇,董文杰.中国植被覆盖对日最高最低气温的影响.科学通报,2011,56(3):274-283.
目录