巢湖蓝藻异味成分分析及影响因素研究
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摘要
采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对受测水体异味中的挥发性有机物成分进行研究。结合样点的风速、温度等气象条件及异味情况,将最终记录所得数据汇总进行相关性分析并绘制回归曲线。结果表明:(1)二甲基三硫为夏季巢湖蓝藻暴发时的主要异味物质,其次有β-紫罗兰酮、甲硫醇、二甲基二硫及2-甲基异茨醇等物质。(2)较高的温度是水体异味的主要诱因。3个样点(距巢湖1410m、820m、0m处)在低于一定温度(依次分别为31.5、29、26℃)的时候显示无味或者微臭。(3)蓝藻异味和距巢湖距离显著相关,据线性回归计算,当离湖边距离约为2133m时,几乎不会有异味情况的发生。(4)蓝藻异味和无雨天数呈显著正相关,持续无雨天数越久,异味情况越严重。异味程度与空气湿度呈负相关,空气湿度越大,异味情况越轻。异味程度与风速呈正相关,风速越大,异味情况越严重。
Volatile organic compounds of odor produced by water samples were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Correlation of the data of wind speed,temperature and other weather conditions and odor levels,recorded in sampling point,was analyzed and regression curve has been drawn. Results showed that main odorous compound was dimethyl trisulfide when cyanobacteria erupted in Lake Chaohu at summer,other odorous compounds were existed as well,such as beta ionone,methyl mercaptan,dimethyl disulfide and 2-methyl isoborneol. The higher temperature was the main cause of occurrence of odor. Odor levels were odorless or slight odor when it below a certain temperature 31.5 ℃,29 ℃,26 ℃ respectively in three samples(1 410m,820m,0m away from Lake Chaohu respectively). Correlation was significant between odor levels and the distance from Chaohu,according to the linear regression calculation,when the distance was about 2 133 meters,odor would not occur. Correlation was significant and positive between odor levels and no rain days,odor increased with the increase of no rain days. Odor levels was negatively correlated with the air humidity,odor reduced with increasing air humidity.Odor levels was positively correlated to wind speed,the higher the wind speed,the more serious the odor.
Volatile organic compounds of odor produced by water samples were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Correlation of the data of wind speed,temperature and other weather conditions and odor levels,recorded in sampling point,was analyzed and regression curve has been drawn. Results showed that main odorous compound was dimethyl trisulfide when cyanobacteria erupted in Lake Chaohu at summer,other odorous compounds were existed as well,such as beta ionone,methyl mercaptan,dimethyl disulfide and 2-methyl isoborneol. The higher temperature was the main cause of occurrence of odor. Odor levels were odorless or slight odor when it below a certain temperature 31.5 ℃,29 ℃,26 ℃ respectively in three samples(1 410m,820m,0m away from Lake Chaohu respectively). Correlation was significant between odor levels and the distance from Chaohu,according to the linear regression calculation,when the distance was about 2 133 meters,odor would not occur. Correlation was significant and positive between odor levels and no rain days,odor increased with the increase of no rain days. Odor levels was negatively correlated with the air humidity,odor reduced with increasing air humidity.Odor levels was positively correlated to wind speed,the higher the wind speed,the more serious the odor.
引文
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[15]王利平,虞锐鹏,刘扬岷,等.气相色谱-质谱联用测定富营养化水体中的异味物质[J].理化检验:化学分册,2006,42(12):1013-1015.
[16]Juttner F,Watson S B.Biochemical and ecological control of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in source waters[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(14):4395-4406.
[17]于建伟,李宗来,曹楠,等.无锡市饮用水嗅味突发事件致嗅原因及潜在问题分析[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(11):1771-1777.
[18]Zhang H H,Yang G P,Zhu T.Distribution and cycling of dimethylsulfide(DMS)and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP)in the sea-surface microlayer of the Yellow Sea,China,in spring[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008,28(17):2417-2427.
[19]崔铁良,刘培宁,陈再新,等.太湖4~10月不同气象天气型蓝藻变化规律研究[A].S7气候环境变化与人体健康[C].2012.
[20]吴军林,王建萍.太湖底泥中蓝藻复苏的温度阈值研究[J].绿色中国:综合版,2006(7):68-69.
[21]任健,蒋名淑,商兆堂,等.太湖蓝藻暴发的气象条件研究[J].气象科学,2008,28(2):221-226.
[2]Suffet I H,Corado A,Chou D,et al.AWWA taste and odor survey[J].J AWWA,1996,88(4):168-180.
[3]缪恒锋,陶文沂.富营养化水体异味物质的臭氧氧化研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3439-3444.
[4]Jones G,Korth W.In situ production of volatile odour compounds by river and reservoir phytoplankton populations in Australia[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(11):145-151.
[5]Briand J F,Jacquet S,Bernard C,et al.Health hazards for terrestrial vertebrates from toxic cyanobacteria in surface water ecosystems[J].Veterinary research,2003,34(4):361-377.
[6]Graham J L,Loftin K A,Meyer M T,et al.Cyanotoxin mixtures and taste-and-odor compounds in cyanobacterial blooms from the Midwestern United States[J].Environmental science&technology,2010,44(19):7361-7368.
[7]宋立荣,李林,陈伟,等.水体异味及其藻源次生代谢产物研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(4):434-439.
[8]Sagehashi M,Shiraishi K,Fujita H,et al.Ozone decomposition of 2-methylisoborneol(MIB)in adsorption phase on high silica zeolites with preventingbromate formation[J].Water Research,2005,39(13):2926-2934.
[9]李勇,张晓健,陈超.我国饮用水中嗅味问题及其研究进展[J].环境科学,2009,30(2):583-588.
[10]Suffet I H,Khiari D,Bruchet A.The drinking water taste and odor wheel for the millennium:Beyond geosmin and 2-methylisobomeol[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,40(6):1-13.
[11]Ma Z,Niu Y,Xie P,et al.Off-flavor compounds from decaying cyanobacterial blooms of Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(3):495-501.
[12]Smith J L,Boyer G L,Zimba P V.A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites:impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1):5-20.
[13]Yagi M,Kajino M,Matsuo U,et al.Odor Problems in Lake Biwa[J].Water Science and Technology,1985,15(6/7):311-321.
[14]Watson S B.Cyanobacterial and eukaryotic algal odour compounds:signals or by-productsa review of their biological activity[J].Phycologia,2003,42(4):332-350.
[15]王利平,虞锐鹏,刘扬岷,等.气相色谱-质谱联用测定富营养化水体中的异味物质[J].理化检验:化学分册,2006,42(12):1013-1015.
[16]Juttner F,Watson S B.Biochemical and ecological control of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in source waters[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(14):4395-4406.
[17]于建伟,李宗来,曹楠,等.无锡市饮用水嗅味突发事件致嗅原因及潜在问题分析[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(11):1771-1777.
[18]Zhang H H,Yang G P,Zhu T.Distribution and cycling of dimethylsulfide(DMS)and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP)in the sea-surface microlayer of the Yellow Sea,China,in spring[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008,28(17):2417-2427.
[19]崔铁良,刘培宁,陈再新,等.太湖4~10月不同气象天气型蓝藻变化规律研究[A].S7气候环境变化与人体健康[C].2012.
[20]吴军林,王建萍.太湖底泥中蓝藻复苏的温度阈值研究[J].绿色中国:综合版,2006(7):68-69.
[21]任健,蒋名淑,商兆堂,等.太湖蓝藻暴发的气象条件研究[J].气象科学,2008,28(2):221-226.
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