安徽宿州市沱河底泥中重金属元素地球化学特征
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摘要
在系统采集宿州市沱河表层沉积物的基础上,对其重金属元素含量进行了XRF测试。结果表明:宿州市沱河沉积物中重金属元素的含量较高,Pb、As、Cr、Cu、Zn平均含量分别为40.8μg/g、14.6μg/g、58.8μg/g、52.2μg/g、143.3μg/g。富集因子和地积累指数法对重金属污染程度的评价表明,Cr无污染,Pb和As为轻污染,Zn和Cu为中度污染。基于主成分分析的重金属来源分析结果显示,As主要受控于第一因子,Cu、Zn受控于第二因子,而Pb则受到两种因素的控制。结合其他证据表明,化石燃料燃烧(发电)可能是造成As及Pb污染的主要因素,Zn主要由电池和化学物质的排放引起,Cu则与农业生产活动有关。
Based on systematic collection of the surface sediments of the Tuohe River in Suzhou City,the concentrations of heavy metals were measured by XRF.The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals in the Tuohe River are high as expressed by Pb,As,Cr,Cu and Zn,and their average concentrations are 40.8,14.6,58.8,52.2 and 143.3μg/g,respectively.The evaluation of pollution degree based on enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index showed that heavy metals of the sediments can be subdivided into three types: no-pollution(Cr),light-pollution(Pb and As),and moderate-pollution(Zn and Cu).Source discrimination of heavy metals by principle analysis indicated that As is controlled by the first factor,Cu and Zn are controlled by the second factor,and Pb is related to these two factors.In combination with other evidence,fossil fuel combustion(e.g.electricity generation) is considered to be the source of As and Pb,whereas the discharge of batteries and chemical materials,as well as agricultural activities,are related to the pollution of Zn and Cu,respectively.
Based on systematic collection of the surface sediments of the Tuohe River in Suzhou City,the concentrations of heavy metals were measured by XRF.The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals in the Tuohe River are high as expressed by Pb,As,Cr,Cu and Zn,and their average concentrations are 40.8,14.6,58.8,52.2 and 143.3μg/g,respectively.The evaluation of pollution degree based on enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index showed that heavy metals of the sediments can be subdivided into three types: no-pollution(Cr),light-pollution(Pb and As),and moderate-pollution(Zn and Cu).Source discrimination of heavy metals by principle analysis indicated that As is controlled by the first factor,Cu and Zn are controlled by the second factor,and Pb is related to these two factors.In combination with other evidence,fossil fuel combustion(e.g.electricity generation) is considered to be the source of As and Pb,whereas the discharge of batteries and chemical materials,as well as agricultural activities,are related to the pollution of Zn and Cu,respectively.
引文
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[2]Dexter K S,Ward N I.Mobility of heavy metals within freshwater sediments affected by motorway stormwater[J].Sci-ence of the Total Environment,2004,334-335:271-277.
[3]马力,杨晓波,佟成冶,等.辽宁省浑河流域底质中重金属元素地球化学特征[J].岩矿测试,2008,27(3):184-188.
[4]李莲芳,曾希柏,李国学,等.北京市温榆河沉积物的重金属污染风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(2):289-297.
[5]张秀芝,鲍征宇,唐俊红.富集因子在环境地球化学重金属污染评价中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(1):65-72.
[6]祝云龙,姜加虎,孙占东,等.洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染特征与评价[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(4):477-485.
[7]鄢明才,迟清华.中国东部地壳与岩石化学组成[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:193-194.
[8]国家环境保护局.GB15618-1995.土壤环境质量标准[S].1995.
[9]Zoller W H,Gladney E S,Duce R A.Atmospheric Concentrations and Sources of Trace Metals at the South Pole[J].Science,1974,183:199-201.
[10]Hernandez L,Probst A,Probst J L,et al.Heavy Metal Distribution in Some French Forest Soils?:Evidence for At-mospheric Contamination[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2003,312:195-219.
[11]Tanin L,Micaela P,Malcolm C.Heavy Metal Distribution and Controlling Factors within Coastal Plain Sediments,Bells Creek Catchment,Southeast Queensland,Australia[J].Environment International,2003,29:935-948.
[12]Zwolsman J J G,Van Eck G T M,Berger G.Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Trace Metals in Sediments from theScheldt Estuary,South-West Netherlands[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1996,43:55-79.
[13]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-382.
[14]Sutherland R A.Bed Sediment-Associated Trace Metals in an Urban Stream,Oahu,Hawaii[J].Environ.Geol.,2000,39:611-627.
[15]Muller G.Index of Geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2:108-118.
[16]Muller G.Die Schwarmetallbelastung der Sedimentendes Neckars und Seiner Nebenflusse[J].Chemiker-zeitung,1981,6:157-164.
[17]腾彦国,倪师军,林学钰,等.城市环境地球化学研究综述[J].地质论评,2005,51(1):64-76.
[18]袁旭因,刘冰,陈颖,等.污染河道的常量和微量元素特征及指示意义[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(2):270-274.
[19]Siegel F R.Environmental geochemistry of potential toxic metals[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2002.
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