巢湖水环境综合治理思路和措施
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摘要
参考巢湖的多个治理规划、实施方案及有关文献,收集了巢湖水污染、水环境治理等有关资料,进行综合分析,提出具体治理措施:控源截污,大幅度提高污水处理厂排放标准,积极治理规模畜禽养殖点源;综合治理污染严重的河道,其中微生物净化中小河道可作为治理首选技术之一;分区离岸打捞蓝藻及采用多种措施大量削减蓝藻数量;适宜规模调水,在确保防洪安全、生态安全的前提下,加快实现引江济巢、济淮工程,净化水体、扩大环境容量;大规模修复以芦苇为主的芦苇湿地,使巢湖植被覆盖率由5%恢复至20%;清淤与抬高生态修复区基底相结合。
Referring to many relevant documents concerning management plans and implementation schemes over Chaohu Lake,materials concerning Chaohu Lake eutrophication,algae outbreak,water quality and inflowing pollution load,sources of pollution,water environment management are collected,comprehensive research and analysis are done,experience and lessons are summed up and the management techniques are integrated. Based on above,the comprehensive management thoughts are raised as follow: The management of algae outbreak should be listed into the controlling aim; Cutting down algae numbers and reducing eutrophication should be combined closely; More algae should be reduced than its growth rate until being eliminated eventually; Different techniques should be combined together with accordant insurance measures. Specific management measures are as follow:Control pollutant source is the basic measure,among which the main measure is increasing emission standard of sewage plants to a large scale and control animal cultivation; Govern seriously polluted rivers,among which the top choice should be microbial purification in the small rivers; Separate algae salvage and reduce algae numbers in many ways; Transfer water in a proper scale,under the premise of ensuring flood control safety and ecological safety; Accelerate projects like transferring water from Yangtze River to Chaohu Lake or Huaihe River; Purify water; Enlarge environmental capacity; Restore weed wetlands; Increase the vegetation coverage from 5% to 20%;And combine dredging with lifting ecological recovery base.
Referring to many relevant documents concerning management plans and implementation schemes over Chaohu Lake,materials concerning Chaohu Lake eutrophication,algae outbreak,water quality and inflowing pollution load,sources of pollution,water environment management are collected,comprehensive research and analysis are done,experience and lessons are summed up and the management techniques are integrated. Based on above,the comprehensive management thoughts are raised as follow: The management of algae outbreak should be listed into the controlling aim; Cutting down algae numbers and reducing eutrophication should be combined closely; More algae should be reduced than its growth rate until being eliminated eventually; Different techniques should be combined together with accordant insurance measures. Specific management measures are as follow:Control pollutant source is the basic measure,among which the main measure is increasing emission standard of sewage plants to a large scale and control animal cultivation; Govern seriously polluted rivers,among which the top choice should be microbial purification in the small rivers; Separate algae salvage and reduce algae numbers in many ways; Transfer water in a proper scale,under the premise of ensuring flood control safety and ecological safety; Accelerate projects like transferring water from Yangtze River to Chaohu Lake or Huaihe River; Purify water; Enlarge environmental capacity; Restore weed wetlands; Increase the vegetation coverage from 5% to 20%;And combine dredging with lifting ecological recovery base.
引文
[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,安徽省巢湖管理局.2013巢湖健康状况报告[R].南京:中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,2014.
[2]朱喜,胡明明,孙阳,等.中国淡水湖泊蓝藻暴发治理与预防[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[3]安徽省人民政府.巢湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案[R].合肥:安徽省人民政府,2009.
[4]谢平.翻阅巢湖的历史[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[5]中国统计局.中国统计年鉴2012[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.
[6]环境保护部.重点流域水污染防治规划(2011—2015年)附件[R].北京:环境保护部,2012.
[7]王鸿涌,张海泉,朱喜,等.太湖蓝藻治理创新与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[8]谢平.鲢、鳙鱼与藻类水华控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[2]朱喜,胡明明,孙阳,等.中国淡水湖泊蓝藻暴发治理与预防[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[3]安徽省人民政府.巢湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案[R].合肥:安徽省人民政府,2009.
[4]谢平.翻阅巢湖的历史[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[5]中国统计局.中国统计年鉴2012[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.
[6]环境保护部.重点流域水污染防治规划(2011—2015年)附件[R].北京:环境保护部,2012.
[7]王鸿涌,张海泉,朱喜,等.太湖蓝藻治理创新与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[8]谢平.鲢、鳙鱼与藻类水华控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
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