巢湖表层沉积物磷的空间分布差异性研究
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摘要
通过对巢湖表层沉积物磷形态、有机质及粒径分布特征分析,与沉积物总磷历史数据进行对比,结合不同形态磷的剖面变化,探讨了内源磷释放风险.结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物TP自西向东呈递减趋势,平均含量为790 mg.kg-1,比20世纪80年代平均增加了55%,其中东半湖增加211 mg.kg-1、西半湖增加386 mg.kg-1.表层沉积物磷形态含量和分布有较大差别:铁铝结合磷(NaOH-Pi)和活性有机磷(NaOH-Po)含量占TP含量的42%,分别介于55～648 mg.kg-1和27～468 mg.kg-1范围,西半湖平均含量分别为331 mg.kg-1和225 mg.kg-1显著高于东半湖(147 mg.kg-1和91 mg.kg-1,P<0.01);相对而言,钙镁结合磷(Ca-P)和惰性磷(Res-P)含量在东西部湖区没有显著差别,分别占TP含量的18%和40%.沉积物TP含量随深度减少而增加,西半湖增加量高于东半湖,各种磷形态中NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po的垂直变化规律与TP相似,是沉积物磷增加的主要形态.西半湖高活性磷、高有机质和多砂质粉砂的特征共同作用极大增加了沉积物中磷向上覆水中释放的风险.
Phosphorus fractions,organic matter and particle size of the surface sediment from Chaohu Lake were analyzed for spatial distribution and the risk of phosphorus release.The result showed that total phosphorus(TP) of surface sediment was 790 mg·kg-1,which was 55% higher than that in 1980s,with 386 mg·kg-1higher in western lake and 211 mg·kg-1higher in eastern lake.NaOH-Pi of sediment ranged from 55 to 648 mg·kg-1,and occupied average 25% of TP.NaOH-Po of sediment ranged from 27 to 468 mg·kg-1,and occupied average 17% of TP.NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po in western lake were 331 mg·kg-1 and 225 mg·kg-1,which were significantly higher than those in eastern lake.Ca-P and Res-P accounted for 18% and 40% of TP,and were equably distributed in the lake.TP,NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po of sediment in the western lake increased intensively with the depth,while Ca-P and Res-P showed no significant change in the vertical profile in the lake.Profile of phosphorus fractions showed that NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po were the dominant factions of the increasing phosphorus sedimentation in the western lake.Phosphorus of sediment in the western lake will release more easily to the water with higher organic matter and higher content of sandy silt.
Phosphorus fractions,organic matter and particle size of the surface sediment from Chaohu Lake were analyzed for spatial distribution and the risk of phosphorus release.The result showed that total phosphorus(TP) of surface sediment was 790 mg·kg-1,which was 55% higher than that in 1980s,with 386 mg·kg-1higher in western lake and 211 mg·kg-1higher in eastern lake.NaOH-Pi of sediment ranged from 55 to 648 mg·kg-1,and occupied average 25% of TP.NaOH-Po of sediment ranged from 27 to 468 mg·kg-1,and occupied average 17% of TP.NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po in western lake were 331 mg·kg-1 and 225 mg·kg-1,which were significantly higher than those in eastern lake.Ca-P and Res-P accounted for 18% and 40% of TP,and were equably distributed in the lake.TP,NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po of sediment in the western lake increased intensively with the depth,while Ca-P and Res-P showed no significant change in the vertical profile in the lake.Profile of phosphorus fractions showed that NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po were the dominant factions of the increasing phosphorus sedimentation in the western lake.Phosphorus of sediment in the western lake will release more easily to the water with higher organic matter and higher content of sandy silt.
引文
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[31]夏林益,王心源,张广胜.皖西丰乐河流域水土流失及防治对策[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(3):162-164.
[32]于群英,李孝良,李粉茹,等.安徽省土壤无机磷组分状况及施肥对土壤磷素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):57-61.
[33]刘志杰,殷汝广.浅海沉积物分类方法研讨[J].海洋通报,2011,30(2):194-199.
[34]孟凡德,姜霞,金相灿.长江中下游湖泊沉积物理化性质研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(S1):24-29.
[35]张斌亮,张昱,杨敏,等.长江中下游平原三个湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):595-600.
[36]Burdige D J.The kinetics of organic matter mineralization in anoxic marine sediments[J].Journal of Marine Research,1991,49(4):727-761.
[37]Holdren G C,Armstrong D E.Factors affecting phosphorus release from intact lake sediment cores[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1980,14(1):79-87.
[2]Chen X,Yang X D,Dong X H,et al.Nutrient dynamics linked to hydrological condition and anthropogenic nutrient loading in chaohu lake(southeast China)[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,661(1):223-234.
[3]周晓铁,韩宁宁,孙世群,等.安徽省河流和湖库型饮用水水源地水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):176-180.
[4]袁杭松,陈来.巢湖流域产业结构演化及其生态环境效应[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2010,20(S1):349-352.
[5]Tang W Z,Shan B Q,Zhang H.Phosphorus buildup and release risk associated with agricultural intensification in the estuarine sediments of chaohu lake valley,eastern China[J].Clean-Soil Air Water,2010,38(4):336-343.
[6]单保庆,尹澄清,于静,等.降雨-径流过程中土壤表层磷迁移过程的模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(1):7-12.
[7]孙庆业,马秀玲,阳贵德,等.巢湖周围池塘氮、磷和有机质研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(7):1510-1515.
[8]吴敏,王学军.应用modis遥感数据监测巢湖水质[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(2):110-113.
[9]吴晓东,孔繁翔,张晓峰,等.太湖与巢湖水华蓝藻越冬和春季复苏的比较研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):1313-1318.
[10]Shi L M,Cai Y F,Wang X Y,et al.Community structure of bacteria associated with microcystis colonies from cyanobacterial blooms[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2010,25(2):193-203.
[11]张敏,谢平,徐军,等.大型浅水湖泊———巢湖内源磷负荷的时空变化特征及形成机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2005,35(S2):63-72.
[12]昝逢宇,霍守亮,席北斗,等.巢湖近代沉积物及其间隙水中营养物的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(10):2088-2096.
[13]汪家权,孙亚敏,钱家忠,等.巢湖底泥磷的释放模拟实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(6):738-742.
[14]王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.巢湖沉积物总磷含量及无机磷形态的研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4):56-59.
[15]黄清辉,王东红,王春霞,等.沉积物中磷形态与湖泊富营养化的关系[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(6):583-586.
[16]Marsden M W.Lake restoration by reducing external phosphorus loading:the influence of sediment phosphorus release[J].Freshwater Biology,1989,21(2):139-162.
[17]吴丰昌,万国江,蔡玉蓉.沉积物-水界面的生物地球化学作用[J].地球科学进展,1996,11(2):191-197.
[18]Gíslason S R,Eiriksdóttir E S,lafsson J S.Chemical composition of interstitial water and diffusive fluxes within the diatomaceous sediment in lake myvatn,iceland[J].Aquatic Ecology,2004,38(2):163-175.
[19]张克锁.巢湖年鉴[M].合肥:黄山书社,2010.
[20]Hakanson L,Jansson M.Principles of lake sedimentology[M].Berlin and New York:Springer-Verlag,1983.
[21]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.34-37.
[22]Hieltjes A H M,Lijklema L.Fractionation of inorganic phosphates in calcareous sediments[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1980,9(3):405-407.
[23]纪岚,杨立武,李菁.南淝河水污染现状与可持续发展对策研究[J].安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(4):91-94.
[24]汪家权,沈燕华,马玉萍.巢湖流域岩源磷释放的动力学研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):979-984.
[25]屠清瑛顾丁锡,尹澄清,等.中国湖泊系列研究之二———巢湖富营养化研究[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1990.56-63.
[26]阎伍玖,王心源.巢湖流域非点源污染初步研究[J].地理科学,1998,18(3):263-267.
[27]Slomp C P,Van der Gaast S J,Van Raaphorst W.Phosphorus binding by poorly crystalline iron oxides in north sea sediments[J].Marine Chemistry,1996,52(1):55-73.
[28]Hupfer M,Gchter R,Giovanoli R.Transformation of phosphorus species in settling seston and during early sediment diagenesis[J].Aquatic Sciences-Research Across Boundaries,1995,57(4):305-324.
[29]Spears B M,Carvalho L,Perkins R,et al.Spatial and historical variation in sediment phosphorus fractions and mobility in a large shallow lake[J].Water Research,2006,40(2):383-391.
[30]Spears B M,Carvalho L,Perkins R,et al.Sediment phosphorus cycling in a large shallow lake:spatio-temporal variation in phosphorus pools and release[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,584(1):37-48.
[31]夏林益,王心源,张广胜.皖西丰乐河流域水土流失及防治对策[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(3):162-164.
[32]于群英,李孝良,李粉茹,等.安徽省土壤无机磷组分状况及施肥对土壤磷素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):57-61.
[33]刘志杰,殷汝广.浅海沉积物分类方法研讨[J].海洋通报,2011,30(2):194-199.
[34]孟凡德,姜霞,金相灿.长江中下游湖泊沉积物理化性质研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(S1):24-29.
[35]张斌亮,张昱,杨敏,等.长江中下游平原三个湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):595-600.
[36]Burdige D J.The kinetics of organic matter mineralization in anoxic marine sediments[J].Journal of Marine Research,1991,49(4):727-761.
[37]Holdren G C,Armstrong D E.Factors affecting phosphorus release from intact lake sediment cores[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1980,14(1):79-87.
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