河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析——以巢湖流域为例
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摘要
以河流近域土地利用构成与水环境质量间定量关系为研究对象,基于巢湖流域40个水质监测断面和320个河流近域作用区,运用GIS空间分析功能计算不同尺度作用区内土地利用构成,借助相关分析、冗余分析(RDA)等数理统计手段,分析土地利用构成与水质指数间的相关关系;并分析和比较了流域内山区和平原地区土地利用构成与水质之间关系。结果表明,巢湖流域近河道地区土地利用构成对各水质指数有重要影响,且受地形因素影响。其中,建设用地对河流水质恶化具有明显作用;河流沿岸林地布局能显著改善水质,尤其是对氨氮和高锰酸盐指数敏感;耕地面积变化与水质相关性不显著。RDA冗余分析证实了不同尺度下的土地利用类型对水环境影响具有尺度效应。研究成果对巢湖流域水环境管理具有重要的实际指导意义,并为同类研究提供借鉴。
The relationship between land use and water quality is one of the important components of land use environmental effects research.Based on monitoring water quality and land use data,this paper focused on quantitative relationships between land use pattern and water quality in Chaohu Lake basin.Firstly with the help of GIS spatial analysis tool,strip types of contributing zones with different buffer radii were developed around the monitoring sites for water quality assessment,and the proportions of four types of land use types were extracted from the buffer zones.Then correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) methods were used to analyze the relationship between water quality and land use patterns within buffer zones,and a comparison between mountainous areas and flat areas was made.Results showed that the land use structure in the river side area in Chaohu Lake basin had great impacts on water quality parameters.Urban construction land showed negative effects on water quality,and was the dominant factor for river pollution in Chaohu Lake basin.The forestland exhibited a significant positive relation with water quality,especially with CODMn and NH3-N.It suggested that the closer forestland tend to improve water quality.The impacts of cultivated land on the river water quality were complicated.In addition,under different terrain conditions in Chaohu Lake basin,there were some differences in the way and to the degree of land use influencing the variables of water quality in the same contributing zone scale.RDA demonstrated that there existed obvious scale effect caused by different land use types.The study results should provide practical guidelines for the management of water environment in Chaohu Lake basin.
The relationship between land use and water quality is one of the important components of land use environmental effects research.Based on monitoring water quality and land use data,this paper focused on quantitative relationships between land use pattern and water quality in Chaohu Lake basin.Firstly with the help of GIS spatial analysis tool,strip types of contributing zones with different buffer radii were developed around the monitoring sites for water quality assessment,and the proportions of four types of land use types were extracted from the buffer zones.Then correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) methods were used to analyze the relationship between water quality and land use patterns within buffer zones,and a comparison between mountainous areas and flat areas was made.Results showed that the land use structure in the river side area in Chaohu Lake basin had great impacts on water quality parameters.Urban construction land showed negative effects on water quality,and was the dominant factor for river pollution in Chaohu Lake basin.The forestland exhibited a significant positive relation with water quality,especially with CODMn and NH3-N.It suggested that the closer forestland tend to improve water quality.The impacts of cultivated land on the river water quality were complicated.In addition,under different terrain conditions in Chaohu Lake basin,there were some differences in the way and to the degree of land use influencing the variables of water quality in the same contributing zone scale.RDA demonstrated that there existed obvious scale effect caused by different land use types.The study results should provide practical guidelines for the management of water environment in Chaohu Lake basin.
引文
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[2]BEASLEY D B,HUGGINS L F,MONKE E J.ANSWERS:Amodel for watershed planning[J].Transactions of the Ameri-can Society of Agricultural Engineers,1980,23(4):938～944.
[3]YOUNG R A,ONSTAD C A,BOSCH D,et al.AGNPS:Anon-point source pollution model for evaluating agriculturalwatersheds[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1989,44(2):168～173.
[4]AMOLD J G,WILLIAMS J R,SRINIVASAN R,et al.SWAT-Soil and water assessment tool-user manual[R].Agri-cultural Research Service.Grassland,Soil and Water ResearchLab,US Department of Agriculture,1994.
[5]金洋,李恒鹏,李金莲.太湖流域土地利用变化对非点源污染负荷量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1214～1218.
[6]BASNYAT P,et al.Relationships between landscape charac-teristics and non-point source pollution inputs to coastal estu-aries[J].Environmental Management,1999,23(4):539～549.
[7]于兴修,杨桂山.典型流域土地利用/覆被变化及对水质的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(3):211～217.
[8]岳隽,王仰麟,李正国,等.河流水质时空变化及其受土地利用影响的研究——以深圳市主要河流为例[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):359～364.
[9]晏维金.人类活动影响下营养盐向河口/近海的输出和模型研究[J].地理研究,2006,25(5):825～835.
[10]姜德娟,毕晓丽.流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):421～429.
[11]陈能汪,洪华生,张珞平.九龙江流域氮的源汇时空模式与机理初探[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(4):830～839.
[12]梁涛,王红萍,张秀梅,等.官厅水库周边不同土地利用方式下氮、磷非点源污染模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(4):483～490.
[13]VERSACE V L,IERODIACONOU D F,et al.Regional-scalemodels for relating land cover to basin surface-water qualityusing remotely sensed data in a GIS[J].Environmental Moni-toring and Assessment,2008,142(1-3):171～184.
[14]ZAMPELLA R A,PROCOPIO N A,LATHROP R G,et al.Re-lationship of land-use/land-cover patterns and surface-waterquality in the Mullica river basin[J].Journal of the AmericanWater Resources Association,2007,43(3):594～694.
[15]MEHAFFEY M H,NASH M S,WADE T G,et al.Linkingland cover and water quality in New York City’s water supplywatersheds[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,107(1-3):29～44.
[16]ROBINSON K W,LAZARO T R,PAK C.Associations Be-tween Water-Quality Trends in New Jersey Streams andDrainage-Basin Characteristics,1975-86[R].U.S.Geolog-ical Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report,1996.
[17]KING R S,BAKER M E,WHIGHAM D F,et al.Spatialconsiderations for linking watershed land cover to ecologicalindicators in streams[J].Ecological Applications,2005,15(1):137～153.
[18]张殷俊,陈爽,彭丽华.平原河网地区水质与土地利用格局关系——以江苏吴江为例[J].资源科学,2009,31(12):2 150～2 156.
[19]YIN Z Y,WALCOTT S,KAPLAN B,et al.An analysis ofthe relationship between spatial patterns of water quality andurban development in Shanghai,China[J].Computers,Envi-ronment and Urban Systems,2005,29(2):197～221.
[20]阎伍玖,王心源.巢湖流域非点源污染初步研究[J].地理科学,1998,18(3):263～267.
[21]TER BRAAK C J F,SMILAUER P.CANOCO ReferenceManual and User’s Guide to Canoco for Windows(version4.5)[M].New York:Centre for Biometry Wageningen,2002:113～180.
[22]董旭辉,羊向东,刘恩峰,等.冗余分析(RDA)在简化湖泊沉积指标体系中的应用——以太白湖为例.地理研究,2007,26(3):477～484.
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