巢湖富营养化过程的沉积记录
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摘要
土地利用和人类活动加剧所导致的营养元素输入的增加是引起湖泊富营养化趋势增强的重要原因。巢湖沉积钻孔柱状样中总有机碳和总氮自 2 0世纪 70年代以来呈明显升高趋势 ,分别增加了 2 .5、2 .9倍。由柱状样中的TOC/TN比值、TARHC、OEP判断得出 ,19世纪末到 2 0世纪 4 0年代中期TOC是陆源和内源两种来源并重 ;2 0世纪 4 0年代中期到 2 0世纪 70年代初期以陆源为主 ,并可能存在石油污染 ;2 0世纪 70年代以来沉积物有机质中藻类来源的有机质占主要地位。巢湖沉积柱状样的研究表明 2 0世纪 70年代以来巢湖富营养化开始恶化。
Changes in the delivery of nutrients from land usage and anthropogenic emissions, are known to result in eutrophication in lakes. Both accumulation rates of total organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations show increasing trends since 1970s, and have increased by as much as 2.5, 2.9 times in Caohu lake sedimentary core. Based on total organic carbon, total nitrogen, the ratios of total organic carbon and total nitrogen , TARHC and OEP, the environmental evolutions have been reconstructed since 1898. From 1898 to 1946 the sedimentary organic matter in Caohu lake was attributed to the mixture of terrestrial plants and aquatic algae. From 1946 to 1972 the source of land plant dominated the organic matter and there may be petroleum pollution. From 1972 to present, the source of algae dominated the organic matter of Caohu lake sediment. It can be concluded that sediment organic matter recorded the beginning of eutrophication at Caohu lake since 1970s.
Changes in the delivery of nutrients from land usage and anthropogenic emissions, are known to result in eutrophication in lakes. Both accumulation rates of total organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations show increasing trends since 1970s, and have increased by as much as 2.5, 2.9 times in Caohu lake sedimentary core. Based on total organic carbon, total nitrogen, the ratios of total organic carbon and total nitrogen , TARHC and OEP, the environmental evolutions have been reconstructed since 1898. From 1898 to 1946 the sedimentary organic matter in Caohu lake was attributed to the mixture of terrestrial plants and aquatic algae. From 1946 to 1972 the source of land plant dominated the organic matter and there may be petroleum pollution. From 1972 to present, the source of algae dominated the organic matter of Caohu lake sediment. It can be concluded that sediment organic matter recorded the beginning of eutrophication at Caohu lake since 1970s.
引文
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16 屠清瑛,顾丁锡,尹澄清,等.巢湖-富营养化研究..合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1990[TuQingying,GuDingxi,YinChengqing,etal.TheChaolake studyoneutrophication.Hefei:ChinaScienceandTechnologyPress,1990]
17 贾蓉芬,赵林,蒋纳言.安徽巢湖地区二叠系有机地球化学特征及其古环境意义.沉积学报,1996,14(2):21～40[JiaRongfen,ZhaoLin,JiangNayan.Characteristicsoforganicgeochemistryanditspaleoenvi ronmentsignificanceinCaohuarea,Anhui,China.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1996,14(2):21～40]
2 张崇岱,潘宝林.巢湖湖盆及其变迁研究.安徽师大学报,1990,1:48～56[ZhangChongdai,PanBaolin.ThestudyofbasinofChaolakeanditschanges.JournalofAnhuiNormalUniversity,1990,1:48～56]
3 阎伍玖,张建春,纪敏.巢湖流域河水中N ,P盐分组成特征分析.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(2):35～38[YanWujiu,ZhangJianchun,JiMin.CharacteristicsofN ,PformationinmainriversofChaohulakevalley.JournalofSoilErosionandSoilandWaterConservation,1999,5(2):35～38]
4 刘贞秋,蒙仁宪.巢湖浮游蓝藻的初步研究.海洋湖沼通报,1989,2:35～41[LiuZhenqiu,MengRenxian.Preliminarystudyoftheplankton icbluealageintheChaohulake,Anhui.TransactionsofOceanologyandLimnology,1989,2:35～41]
5 陈慧,王进.巢湖富营养化危害及控制对策.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,22:63～66[ChengHui,WangJin.EndangermentandcontrolstrategyofeutrophicationoflakeChaohu.JournalofHefeiUniversityofTechnology,1999,22:63～66]
6 孙亚敏,徐得潜.巢湖营养盐负荷量的预测.工业用水与废水,2000,31(1):2～4[SunYamin,XuDeqian.EstimationofnutritionloadingofCaohulake.IndustryWaterUtilizationandWasteWater,2000,31(1):2～4]
7 阎伍玖,鲍祥.巢湖流域农业活动与非点源污染的初步研究.水土保持学报,2001,15(4):129～132[YanWujiu,BaoXiang.Preliminarystudyofagricultureactivityandnon pointsourcepollutionofChaohulakevalley.JournalofSoilandWaterConservation,2001,15(4):129～132]
8 韩小勇.巢湖水质调查与研究.水资源保护,1998,1:24～28[HanXiaoyong.InvestigationandstudyofwaterqualityofCaohulake.WaterRe sourceProtection,1998,1:24～28]
9 贾国东,彭平安,傅家谟.珠江口近百年来富营养化加剧的沉积记录.第四纪研究,2002,22(2):158～165[JiaGuodong,Pengpin’an,FuJiamo.Sedimentaryrecordsofacceleratedeutrophicationforthelast100yearsofthepearlriverestuary.QuaternarySciences,2002,22(2):158～165]
10 钱君龙,王苏民,薛滨,等.湖泊研究中一种定量估算陆源有机碳的方法.科学通报,1997,42:1655～1657[QianJunlong,WangShum ing,XueBin,etal.Amethodofestimationofterrestrialorganiccarboninhestudyoflake.ChineseScienceBulletin,1997,42:1655～1657]
11 PhilipAM .Applicationsoforganicgeochemistrytopaleolimnologicalre constructions:asummaryofexamplesfromtheLaurentianGreatLakes.OrganicGeochemistry,2003,34:261～289
12 陈敬安,万国江.云南程海现代沉积物理环境记录研究.矿物学报,2000,20(2):112～116[ChengJin’an,WanGuojiang.EnvironmentalrecordsinrecentsedimentsoflakeChenghai,Yunnanprovince.ActaMiner alogicalSinica,2000,20(2):112～116
13 QuWenchuan,MikeDickman,WangSumin,etal.LaketypologybasedontheuseoflakesedimentalkanesintheeastandwestbasinsofTaihuLake,China.Hydrobiologia,1998,364:219～223
14 SillimanJE ,MeyersPA ,BourbonniereRA .RecordofpostglacialorganicmatterdeliveryandburialinsedimentsoflakeOntario.OrganicGeochem istry,1996,24:463～472
15 陈致林,王新洲,李树清.某些现代生物的标志化合物和地球化学意义.石油技术,1989,11(6):58～67[ChengZhilin,WangXingzhou,LiShuqing.Biomarkercompoundsanditsgeochemistrysignificanceofsomeorganisminrecentperiod.OilTechnology,1989,11(6):58～67
16 屠清瑛,顾丁锡,尹澄清,等.巢湖-富营养化研究..合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1990[TuQingying,GuDingxi,YinChengqing,etal.TheChaolake studyoneutrophication.Hefei:ChinaScienceandTechnologyPress,1990]
17 贾蓉芬,赵林,蒋纳言.安徽巢湖地区二叠系有机地球化学特征及其古环境意义.沉积学报,1996,14(2):21～40[JiaRongfen,ZhaoLin,JiangNayan.Characteristicsoforganicgeochemistryanditspaleoenvi ronmentsignificanceinCaohuarea,Anhui,China.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1996,14(2):21～40]
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