安徽铜陵马山金硫矿床稀土元素和稳定同位素地球化学研究
摘要
安徽铜陵铜官山铜矿田是中国长江中、下游铁、铜、硫、金成矿带中著名的矽卡岩型矿床。马山金硫矿床位于安徽铜陵铜官山矿田,侵入岩体为天鹅抱蛋山石英闪长岩。文章通过对马山金硫矿床的氢、氧、碳、硫、硅同位素组成和稀土元素地球化学特征研究,探讨成矿溶液中水、碳、硅和硫的来源以及成矿溶液的演化问题。研究表明,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化组成模式为右倾型,矿石的稀土配分曲线类似于天鹅抱蛋山石英闪长岩,认为形成该矿床的热液流体主要来源于闪长质熔体。马山金硫矿床矿石中石英的δ18OH2OV-SMOW变化范围为6.9‰~10.7‰,平均为8.7‰,与岩体的δ18OV-SMOW值(9.3‰~11.1‰,平均为10.0‰)比较接近,而矿石中石英的δDV-SMOW变化范围为-69‰~-62‰,表明矿石成矿流体主要来自岩浆。矿石中方解石的碳、氧同位素组成与矿区围岩的碳、氧同位素组成明显不同,其δ13CV-PDB、δ18OV-SMOW值分别为-5.2‰~-3.6‰和12.2‰~12.9‰,与岩浆作用形成的CO2的碳、氧同位素组成一致,表明矿石中方解石的碳、氧来源于岩浆作用。硅和硫具深部岩浆或岩浆热液水来源的特点。
The Tongguanshan copper field in Tongling, Anhui, is one of the typical skarn orefields in the middle-lower Yangtze River iron, copper, sulfur and gold metallogenic belt of China. The Mashan Au-S deposit located in the Tongguanshan field is related to the Tian'ebaotanshan quartz diorite. A lot of research work has been done in such aspects as mineral deposit, mineralogy, tectonics, isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions. Based on the work done, this paper mainly studied hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, silicon isotopic compositions and REE geochemistry of the Mashan Au-S deposit. The results show that chondrite-normalized REE patterns are right-inclined, and the REE distribution patterns for ores are similar to those of the Tian'ebaotanshan quartz diorite, which indicates that the hydrothermal fluids of the deposit were mainly derived from dioritic melt. The O isotopic compositions of quartzes in ore range from 6.9‰~10.7‰ with average of 8.7‰, which are approximate to those of the pluton (9.3‰~11.1‰, with the average of 10.0‰). Together with the D isotopic compositions of quartzes in ore (-69‰~-62‰), it shows that the metallogenic fluids were mainly derived from magmatism. The C and O isotopic compositions of calcites in ore are different from those of country rocks in the orefield. The C and O isotopic compositions range from -5.2‰~-3.6‰and 12.2‰~12.9‰, respectively, which are similar to the C and O isotopic compositions of magmatism. Therefore, C and O in ores might have come from magmatism. Silicon and sulfur isotopes are quite similar to those in magma or magmatic hydrothermal solutions.
The Tongguanshan copper field in Tongling, Anhui, is one of the typical skarn orefields in the middle-lower Yangtze River iron, copper, sulfur and gold metallogenic belt of China. The Mashan Au-S deposit located in the Tongguanshan field is related to the Tian'ebaotanshan quartz diorite. A lot of research work has been done in such aspects as mineral deposit, mineralogy, tectonics, isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions. Based on the work done, this paper mainly studied hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, silicon isotopic compositions and REE geochemistry of the Mashan Au-S deposit. The results show that chondrite-normalized REE patterns are right-inclined, and the REE distribution patterns for ores are similar to those of the Tian'ebaotanshan quartz diorite, which indicates that the hydrothermal fluids of the deposit were mainly derived from dioritic melt. The O isotopic compositions of quartzes in ore range from 6.9‰~10.7‰ with average of 8.7‰, which are approximate to those of the pluton (9.3‰~11.1‰, with the average of 10.0‰). Together with the D isotopic compositions of quartzes in ore (-69‰~-62‰), it shows that the metallogenic fluids were mainly derived from magmatism. The C and O isotopic compositions of calcites in ore are different from those of country rocks in the orefield. The C and O isotopic compositions range from -5.2‰~-3.6‰and 12.2‰~12.9‰, respectively, which are similar to the C and O isotopic compositions of magmatism. Therefore, C and O in ores might have come from magmatism. Silicon and sulfur isotopes are quite similar to those in magma or magmatic hydrothermal solutions.
引文
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杜杨松,田世洪.2000.安徽铜陵天马山矿床与大团山矿床流体成矿作用对比研究.地球科学,25(4):433(437.
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国连杰.铜官山矿区两个成矿岩体对比研究.河北地质学院学报,1990,13(2):168~178.
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刘建明,张宏福,孙景贵,叶杰.2003.山东幔源岩浆岩的碳—氧和锶—钕同位素地球化学研究.中国科学(D辑),33(10):921~930.
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田世洪,丁悌平,侯增谦,杨竹森,谢玉玲,王彦斌,王训诚.2005.安徽铜陵小铜官山铜矿床稀土元素和稳定同位素地球化学研究.中国地质,32(4):604~613.
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王义文.1987.我国金矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究.东北地质科技情报,2:5~12.
王兆荣,周泰禧,张汉昌.1996.安徽马山金铜矿的地球化学研究.华东地质学院学报,19(1):36~41.
杨兵.1985.铜官山铜矿新类型矿体的发现及矿床成因模式.矿床地质,4(4):45~53.
俞沧海,袁小明.2002.铜陵天马山硫金矿床地质特征及成因探讨矿产与地质,16(2):74~77.
赵斌,赵劲松.1997.长江中下游地区若干铁铜(金)矿床中块状及脉状钙质夕卡岩的氧、锶同位素地球化学研究.地球化学,26(5):34~53.
周真,汪正琼.1982.铜陵马山金矿地质特征及成因探讨.华东冶金地质,1:1~10.
周真.1984.铜陵马山金矿床成因的研究.地质论评,30(5):467~476.
Clayton R N,Mayeda T K.1963.The use of bromine pentafluoridein the extraction of oxygen fromoxides and silicates for isotopicanalysis.Geochi m.et Cosmochi m.Acta,27:43~52.
Clayton R N,O'Neil J R,Mayeda T K.1972.Oxygen isotopeexchange between quartz and water.Geophys.Res.,7:3055~3067.
Du Yangsong,Tian Shihong,Qin Xinlong.2003.Study on fluidinclusions of Tianmashan Au-S deposit and Datuanshan Cudeposit in Tongling,Anhui,China:Contrast in ore-formingfluid and metallogenesis.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(1):116~124.
Friedman I,O'Neil J R.1977.Complication of stable isotopefractionation factors of geochemical interest.In:Data ofgeochemistry-sixth edition.U.S.Gov.Printing Office,Washington,D.C.117.
Gu Lianxin,Hu Wenxuan,He Jinxiang,Xu Yaotong.1993.Geology and genesis of the Upper Paleozoic massive sulphidedeposits in South China.Transactions of the Institution ofMining and Metallurgy.Section B:Applied Earth Science,83~96.
McCrea M.1950.The isotopic chemistry of carbonates and apaleotemperature scale.J.Chem.Phys.,18:849~857.
O'Neil J R,Clayton R N and Mayeda T K.1969.Oxygen isotopefractionation in divalent metal carbonates.Chem.Phys.,51:5547~5558.
Ohmoto H.1972.Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits.Econ.Geol.,67:551~578.
Ray J S,Ramesh R,Pande K.1999.Carbonisotopes in Kerguelenplume-derived carbonatites:evidence for recycled inorganiccarbon.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,170:205~214.
Ray J S,Ramesh R,Pande K,et al.2000.Isotope and rare earthelement chemistry of carbonatite-alkaline complexes of Deccanvolcanic province:i mplications to magmatic and alterationprocesses.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18:177~194.
Taylor B E.1986.Magmatic volatiles:Isotope variation of C,Hand S.Reviews in Mineralogy.In:Stable isotopes in hightemperature geological process.Mineralogical Society ofAmerica.16:185~226.
Veizer J,Holser W T,Wilgus C K.1980.Correlation ofC/Cand34S/32Ssecular variation.Geochi m.Cosmochi m.Acta,44:579~588.
储国正,黄许陈,张成火,周捷,吴才来,李东旭,黄华盛,刘文灿1995.安徽铜陵地区成矿控制因素的探讨.安徽地质,5(1)47~58.
丁悌平,蒋少涌,万德芳,等.1994.硅同位素地球化学.北京:地质出版社.1~102.
杜杨松,田世洪.2000.安徽铜陵天马山矿床与大团山矿床流体成矿作用对比研究.地球科学,25(4):433(437.
顾连兴,徐克勤.1986.论长江中、下游中石炭世海底块状硫化物矿床.地质学报,3:176~188.
国连杰.铜官山矿区两个成矿岩体对比研究.河北地质学院学报,1990,13(2):168~178.
黄华盛,师其政,崔彬,温春齐.1985.铜官山铜矿床的组合特征及成因.矿床地质,4(2):13~22.
李学明,李彬贤,张巽,周泰禧.1987.马山金矿的同位素组成.中国科学技术大学学报,17(3):408~412.
刘建明,张宏福,孙景贵,叶杰.2003.山东幔源岩浆岩的碳—氧和锶—钕同位素地球化学研究.中国科学(D辑),33(10):921~930.
唐永成,吴言昌,等.1998.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质.北京:地质出版社.1~351.
田世洪,丁悌平,侯增谦,杨竹森,谢玉玲,王彦斌,王训诚.2005.安徽铜陵小铜官山铜矿床稀土元素和稳定同位素地球化学研究.中国地质,32(4):604~613.
王道华.1987.长江中下游区域铜、金、铁、硫矿床基本特征及成矿规律.地质专报,7:35~42.
王秀娟.1981.安徽铜陵马山硫金矿床矿物—地球化学特征及富集规律的初步研究.华东冶金地质,(2):23~32.
王义文.1987.我国金矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究.东北地质科技情报,2:5~12.
王兆荣,周泰禧,张汉昌.1996.安徽马山金铜矿的地球化学研究.华东地质学院学报,19(1):36~41.
杨兵.1985.铜官山铜矿新类型矿体的发现及矿床成因模式.矿床地质,4(4):45~53.
俞沧海,袁小明.2002.铜陵天马山硫金矿床地质特征及成因探讨矿产与地质,16(2):74~77.
赵斌,赵劲松.1997.长江中下游地区若干铁铜(金)矿床中块状及脉状钙质夕卡岩的氧、锶同位素地球化学研究.地球化学,26(5):34~53.
周真,汪正琼.1982.铜陵马山金矿地质特征及成因探讨.华东冶金地质,1:1~10.
周真.1984.铜陵马山金矿床成因的研究.地质论评,30(5):467~476.
Clayton R N,Mayeda T K.1963.The use of bromine pentafluoridein the extraction of oxygen fromoxides and silicates for isotopicanalysis.Geochi m.et Cosmochi m.Acta,27:43~52.
Clayton R N,O'Neil J R,Mayeda T K.1972.Oxygen isotopeexchange between quartz and water.Geophys.Res.,7:3055~3067.
Du Yangsong,Tian Shihong,Qin Xinlong.2003.Study on fluidinclusions of Tianmashan Au-S deposit and Datuanshan Cudeposit in Tongling,Anhui,China:Contrast in ore-formingfluid and metallogenesis.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(1):116~124.
Friedman I,O'Neil J R.1977.Complication of stable isotopefractionation factors of geochemical interest.In:Data ofgeochemistry-sixth edition.U.S.Gov.Printing Office,Washington,D.C.117.
Gu Lianxin,Hu Wenxuan,He Jinxiang,Xu Yaotong.1993.Geology and genesis of the Upper Paleozoic massive sulphidedeposits in South China.Transactions of the Institution ofMining and Metallurgy.Section B:Applied Earth Science,83~96.
McCrea M.1950.The isotopic chemistry of carbonates and apaleotemperature scale.J.Chem.Phys.,18:849~857.
O'Neil J R,Clayton R N and Mayeda T K.1969.Oxygen isotopefractionation in divalent metal carbonates.Chem.Phys.,51:5547~5558.
Ohmoto H.1972.Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits.Econ.Geol.,67:551~578.
Ray J S,Ramesh R,Pande K.1999.Carbonisotopes in Kerguelenplume-derived carbonatites:evidence for recycled inorganiccarbon.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,170:205~214.
Ray J S,Ramesh R,Pande K,et al.2000.Isotope and rare earthelement chemistry of carbonatite-alkaline complexes of Deccanvolcanic province:i mplications to magmatic and alterationprocesses.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18:177~194.
Taylor B E.1986.Magmatic volatiles:Isotope variation of C,Hand S.Reviews in Mineralogy.In:Stable isotopes in hightemperature geological process.Mineralogical Society ofAmerica.16:185~226.
Veizer J,Holser W T,Wilgus C K.1980.Correlation ofC/Cand34S/32Ssecular variation.Geochi m.Cosmochi m.Acta,44:579~588.
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