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" to="430pt,4.15pt" from="-7.6pt,4.15pt" o:spid="_x0000_s1026">乌克兰的能源和矿产资源
马冰 王欢 徐佳佳 于洋 贾凌霄
本刊简单介绍一下乌克兰的能源和矿产资源状况。这里仅提供数据和信息,不加分析。所有数据和所引用资料均为2022年2月俄乌冲突之前的数据和信息,仅供参考。
一、乌克兰的能源资源
乌克兰一次能源供应的很大一部分来自该国的铀资源和丰富的煤炭资源。石油和天然气在一次能源供应结构中的占比很低,且国内油气资源大部分尚未充分开发利用,主要从俄罗斯进口,但近年来越来越多地从欧盟进口。1991年,由于苏联解体,乌克兰经济崩溃,发电量急剧下降,从1990年的296太瓦时下降到2000年的170太瓦时,所有下降都来自煤炭和天然气厂。2005年12月,乌克兰和欧盟签署了一项能源合作协议,该协议在核能和电力供应方面将乌克兰与西欧更紧密地联系在一起。乌克兰境内还拥有丰富的油页岩和页岩气资源,但勘探程度和开发利用程度很低,国内产量有限。