外国人在华犯罪案件中高逮捕率问题的对策研究
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摘要
外国人在华犯罪案件一直存在着逮捕率过高的问题,构罪即捕的现象十分普遍,这不利于保护外国人的基本权利,也有违《刑法》的平等原则。究其原因是司法机关对于逮捕中社会危险性条件存在认识误区,过分强调国家主权和安全,认为外国人普遍具有危险性。但是外国人的社会危险性是尚未发生的事实,不是所有外国人都具有危险性,应运用从"证据"到"行为"再到"危险"的方法进行推定,并在逮捕中树立"有危险才逮捕"的标准。
It is quietly common that the foreigners would be arrested immediately if they had been affirmed to have committed crimes in China. The arrest rate is rather high, which is not proper to protect the foreigners' fundamental rights, and it is also against the equality principle of Criminal Law. The main reason lies in that the judicial organ usually give more emphasis on state sovereignty and security, and believes that the foreigners are all dangerous. Because of some facts that the foreigners' risk behavior has not happened, they should be regarded as not being dangerous. So it is supposed to apply the principle of "from evidence to behavior and to danger" in judging the foreigners' crime, and set up the standard that if they are really dangerous they must be arrested.
It is quietly common that the foreigners would be arrested immediately if they had been affirmed to have committed crimes in China. The arrest rate is rather high, which is not proper to protect the foreigners' fundamental rights, and it is also against the equality principle of Criminal Law. The main reason lies in that the judicial organ usually give more emphasis on state sovereignty and security, and believes that the foreigners are all dangerous. Because of some facts that the foreigners' risk behavior has not happened, they should be regarded as not being dangerous. So it is supposed to apply the principle of "from evidence to behavior and to danger" in judging the foreigners' crime, and set up the standard that if they are really dangerous they must be arrested.
引文
[1]张杰.试析外国人在中国违法犯罪的特点[J].辽宁警专学报,2005(5):50-52.
[2][10]杨冰.外国人犯罪高逮捕率的原因及对策[J].安徽警官职业学院学报,2016(2):36-39.
[3]李怀胜.在华外国人犯罪的实证分析与刑事政策应对[J].犯罪研究,2014(2):59-69.
[4][5]丁家祥,钱海军.外国人犯罪态势分析与防控对策研究[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,2012(6):64-67.
[6][8]廖荣辉,杜国强.广州地区外国人犯罪情况分析及对策[J].人民检察,2011(19):68-71.
[7]靖力.办理外国人犯罪案件先要确定管辖权[EB/OL].(2015-01-28)[2017-12-01]http://www.jcrb.com/xztpd/2015zt/2015zt/gzftgyts/gzftgytsjj/201501/t20150128_1473195.html.
[9]杨雄.刑事强制措施实体化倾向之反思——以预防性羁押为范例[J].政法论坛,2008(4):147-152.
[11]薛海蓉,詹静.逮捕“社会危险性条件”适用的实践探索——基于江苏省南京市建邺区人民检察院试点经验的思考[J].人民检察,2014(3):63-66.
[12]孙谦.逮捕论[M].北京:法律出版社,2001:127.
[13]傅贤国.对司法推定若干基础问题的研究[J].西南政法大学学报,2014(6):65-74.
[14]陈卫东,徐贞庆.论逮捕中社会危险性的判断方法[J].湖北警官学院学报,2015(9):117-120.
(1)《刑法》第6条规定:“凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的,除法律有特别规定的以外,都适用本法。”《刑事诉讼法》第16条规定:“对于外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的,适用本法的规定。”
(1)《刑事诉讼法》第79条规定的社会危险性情形包括:一是可能实施新的犯罪的;二是有危害国家安全、公共安全或者社会秩序的现实危险的;三是可能毁灭、伪造证据,干扰证人作证或者串供的;四是可能对被害人、举报人、控告人实施打击报复的;五是企图自杀或者逃跑的。
[2][10]杨冰.外国人犯罪高逮捕率的原因及对策[J].安徽警官职业学院学报,2016(2):36-39.
[3]李怀胜.在华外国人犯罪的实证分析与刑事政策应对[J].犯罪研究,2014(2):59-69.
[4][5]丁家祥,钱海军.外国人犯罪态势分析与防控对策研究[J].上海公安高等专科学校学报,2012(6):64-67.
[6][8]廖荣辉,杜国强.广州地区外国人犯罪情况分析及对策[J].人民检察,2011(19):68-71.
[7]靖力.办理外国人犯罪案件先要确定管辖权[EB/OL].(2015-01-28)[2017-12-01]http://www.jcrb.com/xztpd/2015zt/2015zt/gzftgyts/gzftgytsjj/201501/t20150128_1473195.html.
[9]杨雄.刑事强制措施实体化倾向之反思——以预防性羁押为范例[J].政法论坛,2008(4):147-152.
[11]薛海蓉,詹静.逮捕“社会危险性条件”适用的实践探索——基于江苏省南京市建邺区人民检察院试点经验的思考[J].人民检察,2014(3):63-66.
[12]孙谦.逮捕论[M].北京:法律出版社,2001:127.
[13]傅贤国.对司法推定若干基础问题的研究[J].西南政法大学学报,2014(6):65-74.
[14]陈卫东,徐贞庆.论逮捕中社会危险性的判断方法[J].湖北警官学院学报,2015(9):117-120.
(1)《刑法》第6条规定:“凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的,除法律有特别规定的以外,都适用本法。”《刑事诉讼法》第16条规定:“对于外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的,适用本法的规定。”
(1)《刑事诉讼法》第79条规定的社会危险性情形包括:一是可能实施新的犯罪的;二是有危害国家安全、公共安全或者社会秩序的现实危险的;三是可能毁灭、伪造证据,干扰证人作证或者串供的;四是可能对被害人、举报人、控告人实施打击报复的;五是企图自杀或者逃跑的。