基于频率响应法的发电机低励限制与PSS协调控制
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摘要
低励限制器(UEL)作为励磁系统的限制环节对系统稳定性有重要影响,但由于UEL参数设置不合理,UEL动作后恶化了电力系统稳定器(PSS)提供正向阻尼的作用,导致机组出现振荡甚至解列的严重故障在电网实际运行中多次发生。文中基于扩展Heffron-Phillips模型,从理论上推导出励磁系统加入PSS和UEL的简化模型,采用频率响应法,画出励磁系统分别加入PSS与UEL的开环传递函数的波特图,分析UEL与PSS的作用频段,并给出具体的UEL参数设置方案,方案可以使UEL与PSS协调配合。以云南电网数据为例,在PSASP和MATLAB仿真软件下建立单机—无穷大模型验证理论分析的正确性。仿真结果表明:采用频率响应法对UEL进行参数整定后,UEL动作不影响PSS的输出效果,二者可以协调配合以确保系统的稳态运行。
The under-excitation limiter(UEL),as a limit part of the excitation system,has an important influence on the stability of the system.However,due to the unrational parameter setting of UEL,the positive damping effect provided by the power system stabilizer(PSS)is weakened after UEL acts.This causes the oscillation and even the serious fault of the generator frequently in the actual operation of the power grid.Based on the extended Heffron-Phillips model,a simplified model with PSS and UEL for excitation system is derived.The frequency response method is used to draw the Bode diagram of the open-loop transfer function of PSS and UEL.The frequency band of UEL and PSS is analyzed,and a specific parameter setting program of UEL is given,which can make UEL and PSS coordinated.Taking the data of Yunnan power grid for example,the single-machine infinite-bus system is developed to verify the correctness of the theory in simulation software of PSASP and MATLAB.The simulation results show that,after the UEL parameter is set by the frequency response method,the UEL action will not affect the output of the PSS,and UEL and PSS can cooperate to ensure the steady-state operation of the system.
The under-excitation limiter(UEL),as a limit part of the excitation system,has an important influence on the stability of the system.However,due to the unrational parameter setting of UEL,the positive damping effect provided by the power system stabilizer(PSS)is weakened after UEL acts.This causes the oscillation and even the serious fault of the generator frequently in the actual operation of the power grid.Based on the extended Heffron-Phillips model,a simplified model with PSS and UEL for excitation system is derived.The frequency response method is used to draw the Bode diagram of the open-loop transfer function of PSS and UEL.The frequency band of UEL and PSS is analyzed,and a specific parameter setting program of UEL is given,which can make UEL and PSS coordinated.Taking the data of Yunnan power grid for example,the single-machine infinite-bus system is developed to verify the correctness of the theory in simulation software of PSASP and MATLAB.The simulation results show that,after the UEL parameter is set by the frequency response method,the UEL action will not affect the output of the PSS,and UEL and PSS can cooperate to ensure the steady-state operation of the system.
引文
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[11]丁建顺,王青,马世英,等.发电机叠加型低励限制对电力系统动态稳定影响机制[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(8):78-84.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150622001.DING Jianshun,WANG Qing,MA Shiying,et al.Influence mechanism of superimposed type of underexcitation limiter in generators on power system dynamic stability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(8):78-84.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150622001.
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[13]刘思宇,刘青,谢欢.发电机低励限制参数对系统稳定性的影响[J].电机与控制应用,2017,44(2):64-69.LIU Siyu,LIU Qing,XIE Huan.Effect of under excitation limiter parameters on generator system stability[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2017,44(2):64-69.
[14]刘国华,王啸,赫卫国.发电机励磁低励限制与PSS协调控制研究[J].东北电力技术,2015,36(2):57-59.LIU Guohua,WANG Xiao,HE Weiguo.Study on the coordination control between under excitation limiter and PSScontrol[J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2015,36(2):57-59.
[15]谢欢,刘思宇,苏为民,等.低励限制动态特性优化实用技术机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):182-187.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160815001.XIE Huan,LIU Siyu,SU Weimin,et al.Mechanism analysis of practical technology for dynamic characteristics optimization of under-excitation limiter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):182-187.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160815001.
[16]KUNDUR P.Power system stability and control[M].New York,USA:McGraw Hill Professional,2005.
[17]方思立,刘增煌.汽轮发电机自并励励磁系统的分析研究[J].电网技术,1997,21(12):33-37.FANG Sili,LIU Zenghuang.Analysis of the turbo generator static excitation system[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(12):33-37.
[18]刘文定,谢克明.自动控制原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013.
[19]严伟,陈俊,沈全荣.大型隐极发电机进相运行的探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(2):94-97.YAN Wei,CHEN Jun,SHEN Quanrong.Discussion on large non-salient pole generator phase-advancement operation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(2):94-97.
[2]竺士章.发电机励磁限制对小扰动稳定性的影响[J].浙江电力,2007,26(6):5-8.ZHU Shizhang.Effect of generator excitation restriction on small disturbance stability[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2007,26(6):5-8.
[3]刘伟良,荀吉辉,薛玮.发电机失磁保护与低励限制的整定配合[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(18):77-80.LIU Weiliang,XUN Jihui,XUE Wei.Matching setting of lossof-excitation protection and low exciting limit for generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(18):77-80.
[4]王青,刘肇旭,孙华东,等.发电机低励限制功能的设置原则[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(6):55-60.WANG Qing,LIU Zhaoxu,SUN Huadong,et al.General principle of generator under excitation limiter settings[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(6):55-60.
[5]CARLETON J T,BOBO P O,BURT D A.Minimum excitation limit for magnetic amplifier regulating system[J].AIEE Transactions,1954,73:869-874.
[6]RUBENSTEIN A S,TEMOSHOK M.Underexcited reactive ampere limit for modern amplidyne voltage regulator[J].Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers:PartⅢPower Apparatus and Systems,1954,73(2):1433-1438.
[7]CHOI S S,LARKIN R,BASTICK M T,et al.Effects of under excitation limiters on operation of remote generating station[J].IEE Proceedings C:Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1991,138(6):560-566.
[8]RAMOS A P,LINS L R,FITTIPALDI E D,et al.Performance of under excitation limiter of synchronous machines for system critical disturbances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(4):1702-1707.
[9]王清明.300 MW机组励磁低励限制引起功率异常波动分析[J].热力发电,2009,38(12):75-77.WANG Qingming.Analysis of abnormal power fluctuation resulted from low excition limit in excitation of 300MW unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2009,38(12):75-77.
[10]丁傲,谢欢,刘平,等.发电机励磁调节器低励限制协调控制分析[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):193-198.DING Ao,XIE Huan,LIU Ping,et al.Analysis on coordinated control of under-excitation limiter of generator excitation regulator[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):193-198.
[11]丁建顺,王青,马世英,等.发电机叠加型低励限制对电力系统动态稳定影响机制[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(8):78-84.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150622001.DING Jianshun,WANG Qing,MA Shiying,et al.Influence mechanism of superimposed type of underexcitation limiter in generators on power system dynamic stability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(8):78-84.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150622001.
[12]蒲倩.低励限制器对系统稳定性的影响[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2014.
[13]刘思宇,刘青,谢欢.发电机低励限制参数对系统稳定性的影响[J].电机与控制应用,2017,44(2):64-69.LIU Siyu,LIU Qing,XIE Huan.Effect of under excitation limiter parameters on generator system stability[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2017,44(2):64-69.
[14]刘国华,王啸,赫卫国.发电机励磁低励限制与PSS协调控制研究[J].东北电力技术,2015,36(2):57-59.LIU Guohua,WANG Xiao,HE Weiguo.Study on the coordination control between under excitation limiter and PSScontrol[J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2015,36(2):57-59.
[15]谢欢,刘思宇,苏为民,等.低励限制动态特性优化实用技术机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):182-187.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160815001.XIE Huan,LIU Siyu,SU Weimin,et al.Mechanism analysis of practical technology for dynamic characteristics optimization of under-excitation limiter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):182-187.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160815001.
[16]KUNDUR P.Power system stability and control[M].New York,USA:McGraw Hill Professional,2005.
[17]方思立,刘增煌.汽轮发电机自并励励磁系统的分析研究[J].电网技术,1997,21(12):33-37.FANG Sili,LIU Zenghuang.Analysis of the turbo generator static excitation system[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(12):33-37.
[18]刘文定,谢克明.自动控制原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013.
[19]严伟,陈俊,沈全荣.大型隐极发电机进相运行的探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(2):94-97.YAN Wei,CHEN Jun,SHEN Quanrong.Discussion on large non-salient pole generator phase-advancement operation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(2):94-97.