5岁以下儿童家长手足口病知信行现状调查及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解河北省5岁以下儿童家长手足口病相关知识、态度和行为(knowledge,attitude and practice,KAP)现状,探讨其可能的影响因素,为手足口病防治提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取石家庄和邯郸6个自然村6~59月龄儿童的家长或看护人9 984名,采用自行设计的问卷进行面对面调查。结果 9 984名家长手足口病KAP平均得分(33.76±7.29)分,及格率为70.60%,其中知识平均得分(10.68±3.47)分,相关知识知晓率66.77%;态度部分平均得分(11.52±3.96)分,家长获得知识途径大部分(67.19%)是通过医生讲解,75.13%认为医生讲解最可靠;行为部分平均得分(11.56±2.26)分,行为形成率82.56%,大部分(92.53%)有饭前便后洗手的良好习惯,但有将近一半(45.96%)洗手时间短于半分钟;知识、态度和行为均及格仅占到总人数的30.97%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明,男性(OR=1.107,95%CI:1.007~1.216)、<30岁组(OR=1.920,95%CI:1.595~2.310)和30~50岁组(OR=1.638,95%CI:1.354~1.982)、职业为农民(OR=4.322,95%CI:3.236~5.772)和临时工作者(OR=2.122,95%CI:1.561~2.886)、0~月龄(OR=1.168,95%CI:1.000~1.364)和24~月龄(OR=1.294,95%CI:1.112~1.506)、孩子上幼儿园(OR=1.267,95%CI:1.125~1.428)为幼儿家长手足口病KAP得分高的促进因素。结论河北省5岁以下儿童家长手足口病相关认知水平低,获取知识途径单一,因此需加强该类人群健康教育,对不同特征人群采取有针对性的干预措施。
Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitudes and practise( KAP) of hand foot mouth disease( HFMD) among parents of children under 5 year-old in Hebei Province,to explore the influencing factors and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods A total of 9 984 parents/caregivers of children between 6 to 59 month-old from 6 villages of Shijiazhuang and Handan in Hebei Province were selected with the stratified cluster method to have a face-to-face investigation with self-designed questionaire. Results The mean score on KAP was( 33. 76 ± 7. 29) with a pass rate of70. 60%,in which the mean score on knowledge was( 10. 68 ± 3. 47) with the awareness rate of 66. 77%,while the mean score on attitude was( 11. 52 ± 3. 96). The explanation of doctors was the most common way for parents( 67. 19%) to get the HFMD knowledge,being the most reliable approach among 75. 13% parents. The mean score of practise was( 11. 56 ± 2. 26)with a behavior formation rate of 82. 56% and 92. 53% of parents/caregivers had the good habit of washing hands before meals or after using the restroom,for nearly half( 45. 96%) of which,the washing time was less than half a minute. Only 30. 97% of them passed all of the KAP tests. Multivariate non-conditional logistic analysis showed that the promoting factors for higher KAP scores of HFMD were male( OR = 1. 107,95% CI: 1. 007 ~ 1. 216),age less than 30( OR = 1. 920,95% CI: 1. 595 ~ 2. 310) as well as age between 30 ~ 50( OR = 1. 638,95% CI: 1. 354 ~ 1. 982),peasant( OR = 4. 322,95% CI: 3. 236 ~ 5. 772),temporary workers( OR =2. 122,95%CI: 1. 561 ~2. 886),0 ~ month-age group of children( OR =1. 168,95%CI: 1. 000 ~1. 364) and 24 ~ month-age group of children( OR = 1. 294,95% CI: 1. 112 ~ 1. 506),and children in kindergarten( OR = 1. 267,95% CI: 1. 125 ~ 1. 428).Conclusion Knowledge about HFMD is still insufficient among parents of children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hebei and the way to acquire knowledge is unitary. Those people should be intensified to receive more HFMD prevention and health education and targeted intervention measures should be taken to increase people' s awareness rate of HFMD.
Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitudes and practise( KAP) of hand foot mouth disease( HFMD) among parents of children under 5 year-old in Hebei Province,to explore the influencing factors and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods A total of 9 984 parents/caregivers of children between 6 to 59 month-old from 6 villages of Shijiazhuang and Handan in Hebei Province were selected with the stratified cluster method to have a face-to-face investigation with self-designed questionaire. Results The mean score on KAP was( 33. 76 ± 7. 29) with a pass rate of70. 60%,in which the mean score on knowledge was( 10. 68 ± 3. 47) with the awareness rate of 66. 77%,while the mean score on attitude was( 11. 52 ± 3. 96). The explanation of doctors was the most common way for parents( 67. 19%) to get the HFMD knowledge,being the most reliable approach among 75. 13% parents. The mean score of practise was( 11. 56 ± 2. 26)with a behavior formation rate of 82. 56% and 92. 53% of parents/caregivers had the good habit of washing hands before meals or after using the restroom,for nearly half( 45. 96%) of which,the washing time was less than half a minute. Only 30. 97% of them passed all of the KAP tests. Multivariate non-conditional logistic analysis showed that the promoting factors for higher KAP scores of HFMD were male( OR = 1. 107,95% CI: 1. 007 ~ 1. 216),age less than 30( OR = 1. 920,95% CI: 1. 595 ~ 2. 310) as well as age between 30 ~ 50( OR = 1. 638,95% CI: 1. 354 ~ 1. 982),peasant( OR = 4. 322,95% CI: 3. 236 ~ 5. 772),temporary workers( OR =2. 122,95%CI: 1. 561 ~2. 886),0 ~ month-age group of children( OR =1. 168,95%CI: 1. 000 ~1. 364) and 24 ~ month-age group of children( OR = 1. 294,95% CI: 1. 112 ~ 1. 506),and children in kindergarten( OR = 1. 267,95% CI: 1. 125 ~ 1. 428).Conclusion Knowledge about HFMD is still insufficient among parents of children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hebei and the way to acquire knowledge is unitary. Those people should be intensified to receive more HFMD prevention and health education and targeted intervention measures should be taken to increase people' s awareness rate of HFMD.
引文
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[3]郭振平,刘莹,王立群,等.5岁以下儿童监护人对手足口病防治知识认知情况调查[J].河南预防医学杂志,2011,22(6):454-456.
[4]沈旭娟,张宝津,陈国庆.杭州市余杭区部分儿童及家长手足口病知识与行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(10):774-776.
[5]张一飞,吕姝,王琰.上海市徐汇区学龄前儿童家长手足口病知信行调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(3):259-261.
[6]尹兴晓,郑惠文,曹丹凤,等.昆明市5岁以下婴幼儿家长手足口病认知情况调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(3):262-264.
[7]石晶,丁树荣.突发公共卫生事件健康知识的传播渠道研究[J].中国健康教育,2007,23(2):89-91.
[8]李亮,许可,祁贤,等.儿童手足口病影响因素病例对照研究[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(1):16-18.
[9]宋灿磊,曹志城,李澜,等.金山区幼托机构聚集性手足口病疫情感染危险因素研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(4):362-363.
[10]邓鹏,杨颖,林健东,等.手足口病危险因素的meta分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(4):310-313.
[11]卫生部.手足口病预防控制指南.2009-06-04.
[12]冯秀,游胜,杨娜,等.江西省萍乡市儿童家长及幼教人员手足口病防治知识及行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(6):523-526.
[13]何涛,王犇.甘肃省白银市幼儿家长手足口病认知状况及影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(6):553-556.
[14]徐兴兴,李恩国,周洲,等.上海市闸北区幼托儿童家长手足口病认知状况调查[J].健康教育与健康促进,2015,10(5):369-371.
[15]杜慧,李萍.手足口病患儿家长知识、态度及行为特征的分析[J].中华全科医学,2009,7(7):746-747.
[16]李元萍,庞振雄,全宇莉,等.湛江市某医院手足口病患儿家长对相关知识知晓度的调查[J].中华现代护理杂志,2010,16(33):4021-4022.
[2]ZHUANG ZC,KOU ZQ,BAI YJ,et al.Epidemiological Research on Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease in Mainland China[J].Viruses,2015,7(12):6400-6411.
[3]郭振平,刘莹,王立群,等.5岁以下儿童监护人对手足口病防治知识认知情况调查[J].河南预防医学杂志,2011,22(6):454-456.
[4]沈旭娟,张宝津,陈国庆.杭州市余杭区部分儿童及家长手足口病知识与行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(10):774-776.
[5]张一飞,吕姝,王琰.上海市徐汇区学龄前儿童家长手足口病知信行调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(3):259-261.
[6]尹兴晓,郑惠文,曹丹凤,等.昆明市5岁以下婴幼儿家长手足口病认知情况调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(3):262-264.
[7]石晶,丁树荣.突发公共卫生事件健康知识的传播渠道研究[J].中国健康教育,2007,23(2):89-91.
[8]李亮,许可,祁贤,等.儿童手足口病影响因素病例对照研究[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(1):16-18.
[9]宋灿磊,曹志城,李澜,等.金山区幼托机构聚集性手足口病疫情感染危险因素研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(4):362-363.
[10]邓鹏,杨颖,林健东,等.手足口病危险因素的meta分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(4):310-313.
[11]卫生部.手足口病预防控制指南.2009-06-04.
[12]冯秀,游胜,杨娜,等.江西省萍乡市儿童家长及幼教人员手足口病防治知识及行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(6):523-526.
[13]何涛,王犇.甘肃省白银市幼儿家长手足口病认知状况及影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(6):553-556.
[14]徐兴兴,李恩国,周洲,等.上海市闸北区幼托儿童家长手足口病认知状况调查[J].健康教育与健康促进,2015,10(5):369-371.
[15]杜慧,李萍.手足口病患儿家长知识、态度及行为特征的分析[J].中华全科医学,2009,7(7):746-747.
[16]李元萍,庞振雄,全宇莉,等.湛江市某医院手足口病患儿家长对相关知识知晓度的调查[J].中华现代护理杂志,2010,16(33):4021-4022.