塔河常规三维与三分量三维纵波成像能力对比
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摘要
对比研究了塔河油田S48井区模拟检波器接收的常规三维(3D)地震数据和三分量数字检波器接收的三分量三维(3D3C)地震数据纵波波场及其成像能力的差异。从野外单炮、成像效果及碳酸盐缝洞识别能力三方面分析发现:三分量纵波数据的主频和频带宽度高于常规三维地震Z分量纵波数据,有利于高分辨率勘探;三分量地震资料信噪比低于单分量地震资料,但现代室内处理技术可以有效提高信噪比;处理后的三分量地震资料中纵波具有与常规三维Z分量纵波相同的层位与构造成像能力,且三分量纵波具有更好的横向分辨率;串珠状反射在单分量模拟检波器接收的Z分量地震剖面上表现为窄而长,而在三分量纵波剖面上表现为宽而短;常规三维Z分量地震资料识别的溶蚀孔洞体数量总体稍少于三分量纵波,三分量地震资料中的纵波具有更强的小规模缝洞体识别能力。
P-waves and imaging were compared from two gathered data,namely,conventional 3D seismic data gathered using analog geophones and three-component seismic data gathered using digital sensors acquired in the S48 well area of the Tahe Oilfield.Shot records,the imaging effects and the identifiability of the fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir from the two kinds of seismic data are compared.The comparisons show that the dominant frequency and bandwidth of the P waves in three-component seismic data are higher than those from the conventional 3D data,thus the former will be conducive to high-resolution exploration.The SNR of the three-component seismic data is lower than that of the conventional single-component seismic data,but the current processing technology can improve it effectively.After processing the P-waves from two kinds of seismic data have the same imaging capability for horizons and structures,and the P-waves from three-component seismic data have better transverse resolution.String beadsshaped events in P-wave sections from conventional 3D data using analog geophones are longer and narrower than those three-component seismic data.The number of fracture-vuggy bodies identified from P-waves in the conventional 3D data is slightly less than that from the three-component seismic data.Thus,it can be concluded that P-waves in three-component seismic data can satisfactorily identify small-scale fracture-vuggy bodies.
P-waves and imaging were compared from two gathered data,namely,conventional 3D seismic data gathered using analog geophones and three-component seismic data gathered using digital sensors acquired in the S48 well area of the Tahe Oilfield.Shot records,the imaging effects and the identifiability of the fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir from the two kinds of seismic data are compared.The comparisons show that the dominant frequency and bandwidth of the P waves in three-component seismic data are higher than those from the conventional 3D data,thus the former will be conducive to high-resolution exploration.The SNR of the three-component seismic data is lower than that of the conventional single-component seismic data,but the current processing technology can improve it effectively.After processing the P-waves from two kinds of seismic data have the same imaging capability for horizons and structures,and the P-waves from three-component seismic data have better transverse resolution.String beadsshaped events in P-wave sections from conventional 3D data using analog geophones are longer and narrower than those three-component seismic data.The number of fracture-vuggy bodies identified from P-waves in the conventional 3D data is slightly less than that from the three-component seismic data.Thus,it can be concluded that P-waves in three-component seismic data can satisfactorily identify small-scale fracture-vuggy bodies.
引文
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[18]杨子川,李宗杰,窦慧媛.储层的地震识别模式分析及定量预测技术初探[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):370-377YANG Z C,LI Z J,DOU H Y.Seismic recognition model analysis and probe of quantitative reservoir prediction technology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):370-377
[19]李弘,窦之林,王世星,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层“弱反射”特征的地震多属性识别[J].石油物探,2014,53(6):713-719LI H,DOU Z L,WANG S X,et al.Seismic multi-attributes recognition for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs with “weak reflection”characteristic[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(6):713-719
[2]吴树奎,周明非,沈万杰,等.数字检波器三分量地震勘探技术的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):602-604WU S K,ZHOU M F,SHEN W J,et al.Application of three-component digital detectors in seismic exploration technology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(6):602-604
[3]黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.三分量数字检波器在ZY油田应用效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):173-178HUANG Z Y,TAN D L,XU Y M.Application analysis of three-component digitalsensor in ZY oil field[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(1):173-178
[4]杨继春.数字三分量地震勘探技术研究及其在海拉尔油田的应用[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2011YANG J C.Research on digital 3Cseismic exploration technology&the use in Hai'laer oil field[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2011
[5]李宗杰,刘群,李海英,等.地震古岩溶学理论及应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(6):9-19LI Z J,LIU Q,LI H Y.Theory and application of seismic palaeokarst[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(6):9-19
[6] LU J,WANG Y,Separating P-and S-waves in an affine coordinate system[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2012,9(1):12-18
[7]李继东,刘彬辉,赵新国,等.三分量数字检波器在东濮凹陷的采集效果分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):651-655LI J D,LIU B H,ZHAO X G,et al.Acquisition analysis of three-component digital sensor in Dongpu sag[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(6):651-655
[8]靳春光.数字三分量检波器在油藏精细勘探中的应用[J].物探装备,2009,19(增刊1):32-37JIN C G.Application of digital three-component geophone in precise prospecting[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2009,19(S1):32-37
[9]张丙和,崔樵,裴云广.新型三分量数字检波器DSU3[J].石油仪器,2005,19(4):39-40ZHANG B H,CUI Q,PEI Y G.A new three-component digital sensor DSU3[J].Petroleum Instruments,2005,19(4):39-40
[10]张勇刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151-155ZHANG Y G,WANG Y,WANG M Y.Some key problems in the multi-component seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(1):151-155
[11]刘占杰,王建民,刘振宽.三分量数字检波器接收方法[J].SPG/SEG深圳2011年国际地球物理会议论文集,2012:1119-1122LIU Z J,WANG J M,LIU Z K.Receiving method of three-component digitalsensor[J].Proceedings of SPG/SEG Shenzhen 2011International Geophysical Conference,2012:1119-1122
[12]赵丽.数字三分量检波器在海拉尔盆地应用效果分析[J].中国科技纵横,2014(14):59-59ZHAO L.Application analysis of three-component digital detector in Hai'laer Basin[J].China Science&Technology Overview,2014(14):59-59
[13]曹务祥.模拟和数字检波器的资料响应特征对比分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):96-99CAO W X.Comparing analysis between data from analog geophone and DSU[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(2):96-99
[14]刘远志,刘胜,张志锋,等.单点数字检波器室内组合技术在川西的应用[J].复杂油气藏,2013,6(1):22-26LIU Y Z,LIU S,ZHANG Z F,et al.Application of indoor overlapping technique of single-point digital geophone in western Sichuan[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2013,6(1):22-26
[15]李文杰,魏修成,宁俊瑞,等.基于频率衰减特性的面波压制方法[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):225-227LI W J,WEI X C,NING J R,et al.Method of suppressing surface wave based on frequency attenuation characteristics[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):225-227
[16] SIMMONS J L.Converted-wave splitting estimation and compensation[J].Geophysics,2009,74(1):D37-D48
[17]李国发,彭苏萍,高日胜,等.转换波地震资料中面波的压制[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):214-216LI G F,PENG S P,GAO R S,et al.Suppression of surface wave in converted wave seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(3):214-216
[18]杨子川,李宗杰,窦慧媛.储层的地震识别模式分析及定量预测技术初探[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):370-377YANG Z C,LI Z J,DOU H Y.Seismic recognition model analysis and probe of quantitative reservoir prediction technology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):370-377
[19]李弘,窦之林,王世星,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层“弱反射”特征的地震多属性识别[J].石油物探,2014,53(6):713-719LI H,DOU Z L,WANG S X,et al.Seismic multi-attributes recognition for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs with “weak reflection”characteristic[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(6):713-719