超低界面张力纳米乳液处理含油作业废物的研究
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摘要
作业区含油作业废物无害化处理多采用高温热解和化学萃取等集中建站方法,处理设备庞大,能耗高,废物收集环境风险高,纳米乳液在常温下可将油相从含油废物中快速脱附,为作业现场含油废物的随产生随处理提供了良好的工艺基础。室内研究选用不同配比下的表面活性剂、助表面活性剂和水的混合物,与正辛烷按(1∶9)~(5∶5)比例混合,在10~100 Hz频率超声波震荡后得到Winsor IV型单相纳米乳液NR-A。使用激光粒度仪测得纳米乳液NR-A粒径D90为11 nm,吊环法测得油水界面张力仅为1.35 m N/m,体系Zeta电位大于-50 m V,为热力学稳定的分散体系。在含油废物中加入纳米乳液NA-R后,快速传质作用和超低界面张力可将含油废物的油相在低能耗状态下从固相上剥离脱附。室内评价表明,纳米乳液NA-R与页岩气含油钻屑混合后,在0.5%加量下常温搅拌20 min,油相脱附率达到95.7%,脱附后油相可回用作配浆基油,实现了含油废物的安全高效资源化治理。
High temperature thermal decomposition and chemical extraction are commonly used in the innocent treatment of oilbearing wastes in operation areas. These treatments require the construction of a plant for the centralized processing of the wastes and gigantic equipment with high energy consumption is required. In collecting the wastes, environmental risks have to be considered. Nano emulsion at normal temperatures can rapidly separate oil from oil-bearing wastes, providing a good base for the "treatment while producing" of oil-bearing wastes. In laboratory study, a mixture of a surfactant, a secondary surfactant and water in different rations was further mixed with n-octane in a ratio between 1∶9 and 5∶5. The final mixture was agitated with supersonic wave at frequencies between 10-100 Hz to obtain a Winsor IV type single phase nano emulsion NR-A. The particle size, D90, of the NR-A emulsion measured on a laser particle size analyzer was 11 nm, and the interfacial tension between oil and water, as measured with the Du Nouy method, was only 1.35 m N/m. The Zeta potential of the emulsion system was greater than 50 m V, indicating that the system was a thermodynamic dispersion. Adding the NR-A into oil-bearing wastes, the oil phase of the wastes can be desorbed from the solids under low energy consumption through fast mass transfer and ultra-low interfacial tension. Laboratory evaluation showed that when 0.5% NA-R was mixed with oil-bearing wastes from shale gas drilling, after agitation at room temperature for 20 min, 95.7% of the oil-on-waste was desorbed from the wastes. The desorbed oil can be used as the base oil for mixing oil base drilling fluids, realizing the efficient treatment and recycling of oil-bearing wastes.
High temperature thermal decomposition and chemical extraction are commonly used in the innocent treatment of oilbearing wastes in operation areas. These treatments require the construction of a plant for the centralized processing of the wastes and gigantic equipment with high energy consumption is required. In collecting the wastes, environmental risks have to be considered. Nano emulsion at normal temperatures can rapidly separate oil from oil-bearing wastes, providing a good base for the "treatment while producing" of oil-bearing wastes. In laboratory study, a mixture of a surfactant, a secondary surfactant and water in different rations was further mixed with n-octane in a ratio between 1∶9 and 5∶5. The final mixture was agitated with supersonic wave at frequencies between 10-100 Hz to obtain a Winsor IV type single phase nano emulsion NR-A. The particle size, D90, of the NR-A emulsion measured on a laser particle size analyzer was 11 nm, and the interfacial tension between oil and water, as measured with the Du Nouy method, was only 1.35 m N/m. The Zeta potential of the emulsion system was greater than 50 m V, indicating that the system was a thermodynamic dispersion. Adding the NR-A into oil-bearing wastes, the oil phase of the wastes can be desorbed from the solids under low energy consumption through fast mass transfer and ultra-low interfacial tension. Laboratory evaluation showed that when 0.5% NA-R was mixed with oil-bearing wastes from shale gas drilling, after agitation at room temperature for 20 min, 95.7% of the oil-on-waste was desorbed from the wastes. The desorbed oil can be used as the base oil for mixing oil base drilling fluids, realizing the efficient treatment and recycling of oil-bearing wastes.
引文
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[21]许毓,史永照,邵奎政,等.废油基钻井液处理及油回收技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,17(1):8-12.XU Yu,SHI Yongzhao,SHAO Kuizheng,et al.Study on waste oil-based drilling fluid treatment and oil recovery technology[J].Environmental Protection of Oil&Gas Fields,2007,17(1):8-12.
[22]刘宇程,徐俊忠,张寅龙,等.废弃油基钻井液提取柴油剩余废弃物无害化处理研究[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(8):3417-3422.LIU Yucheng,XU Junzhong,ZHANG Yinlong,et al.Study on innoxious treatment of residual waste from asted oil-based drilling fluid after extracting diesel[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(8):3417-3422.
[2]曾海,宋若远,王志强,等.三相萃取法处理油田含油污泥研究[J].油田化学,2006,23(4):375-378.ZENG Hai,SONG Ruoyuan,WANG Zhiqiang,et al.A study on deoiling treatment of oily sludge by threephase extraction[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2006,23(4):375-378.
[3]曲晓红.非水基钻井液污染钻屑的处理-提高环境和安全标准[J].国外油田工程,2010,26(6):60-62.QU Xiaohong.Treatment of contaminated cuttings in nonwaterbased drilling fluid-improving environmental and safety standards[J].Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2010,26(6):60-62.
[4]李干左,郭荣.微乳液理论及其应用[M].石油工业出版社,1995.LI ganzuo,GUO rong.Theory and application of microemulsions[M].Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[5]李超,王辉,刘潇冰,等.纳米乳液与微乳液在油气生产中的应用进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(2):79-84.LI Chao,WANG Hui,LIU Xiaobing,et al.Progress of application of nano emulsion and micro emulsion in oil and gas production[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(2):79-84.
[6]QUINTERO L,JONES T,CLARK D,et al.Cases history studies of production enhancement in cased hole wells using microemulsion fluids[R].SPE 121926,2012.
[7]QUINTERO L,JONES T,PIETRANGELI G.Proper design criteriaof microemulsion treatment fluids for enhancing well production[R].SPE 154451,2012.
[8]WINSOR P.Solvent prope r t i e s of amphiphi l i c compounds,London:Butterworth,1954.
[9]CHUN HWA SEE,WASAN SAPHANUCHART,YOONG SHANG LOKE.Nanoemulsion-enhanced treatment of oil-contaminated oil-based drilling cuttings[R].SPE 162401,2012.
[10]赵国玺,朱步瑶.表面活性剂作用原理[M].中国轻工业出版社,2003.ZHAO Guoxi,ZHU Buyao.The principle of surface active agent[M].China Light Industry Press,2003.
[11]肖进新,赵振国.表面活性剂应用原理[M].化学工业出版社,2003.XIAO Jinxin,ZHAO Zhenguo.Application principle of surface active agent[M].Chemical Industry Press(CIP),2003.
[12]万涛,王跃川.以石油醚为油相的微乳液结构研究[J].石油学报(石油加工),2006,22(2):51-52.WAN Tao,WANG Yuechuan.Study on the structure of microemulsion formed by petroleum ether as oil phase[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2006,22(2):51-52.
[13]邱正松,逄培成,黄维安,等.页岩储层防水锁微乳液的制备与性能[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):334-338.QIU Zhengshong,PANG Peicheng,HUA Weian,et al.Preparation and performance of anti-wate block microemulsion for shale reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):334-338.
[14]位华,何焕杰,王中华,等.油基含油废弃物微乳液清洗技术研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,8(4):90-94.WEI Hua,HE Huanjie,WANG Zhonghua,et al.Study on oil-base drilling cuttings cleaning technology using microemulsion cleaner[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,8(4):90-94.
[15]CHUN HWA SEE,WASAN SAPHANUCHART,SRITHARAN NADARAJAN.Nanoemulsion for nonaqueous mud removal in wellbore[R].SPE149088,2011.
[16]MOUSSA D,JONES T,ANWAR M,et al.New insights into surfactant system designs to increase hydrocarbon production[R].SPE 164273,2013.
[17]王显光,李雄,林永学.页岩水平井用高性能油基钻井液研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(2):17-22.WANG Xianguang,LI Xiong,LIN Yongxue.Research and application of high performance oil based drilling fluid for shale horizontal walls[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(2):17-22.
[18]KLINGBEIL A E,JEFFRIES J B,HANSON R K.Temperature and composition-dependent mid-infrared absorption spectrum of gas-phase gasoline:model and measurements[J].Fuel,2008,87(17-18):3600-3609.
[19]CHUN HWA SEE,WASAN SAPHANUCHART,YOONG SHANG LOKE.Nanoemulsion-enhanced treatment of oil-contaminated oil-based drilling cuttings[R].SPE 162401,2012.
[20]邓皓,孟庆海,王蓉沙,等.废混油钻井液资源化利用技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,17(1):1-3.DENG Hao,MENG Qinghai,WANG Rongsha,et al.Study on resource utilization of drilling fluid mixed with oil[J].Environmental Protection of Oil&Gas Fields,2007,17(1):1-3.
[21]许毓,史永照,邵奎政,等.废油基钻井液处理及油回收技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,17(1):8-12.XU Yu,SHI Yongzhao,SHAO Kuizheng,et al.Study on waste oil-based drilling fluid treatment and oil recovery technology[J].Environmental Protection of Oil&Gas Fields,2007,17(1):8-12.
[22]刘宇程,徐俊忠,张寅龙,等.废弃油基钻井液提取柴油剩余废弃物无害化处理研究[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(8):3417-3422.LIU Yucheng,XU Junzhong,ZHANG Yinlong,et al.Study on innoxious treatment of residual waste from asted oil-based drilling fluid after extracting diesel[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(8):3417-3422.