中国古字书音序排检法的发展历程及研究价值
|
摘要
中国历代古字书的排检法分部首排检法、音序排检法和笔画法,古代字书中可以看出"音序排检法"的产生、使用、完善与最终舍弃有其独特的发展特征与兴衰原因。对检字法的不断升级、完毕与自我选择、自我淘汰历史的重新考察,价值在于能反映出汉字在从象形表义文字逐步转化为符号文字中的汉字发展规律,以及部首检字法中"部首"从义符到形化的过程,同时为小学书发展史上字书与韵书体例相互影响、功能相互交错替代的学科建立过程提供实例。这些文字学与字书在发展过程中所必须遵循的规律与原则,反映了汉字及汉字认知历史发展过程中的变迁。
The retrieval method of the ancient books of characters of successive dynasties includes radical retrieval method, sound-order retrieval method and stroke retrieval method. We can see from these books of characters the production, use, improvement and abandonment of sound-order retrieval method with its unique development characteristics and reasons for its rise and fall. A re-evaluation of the history of the gradual development, perfection and self-choice of retrieval method is of great significance in that it can reflect the development law of Chinese characters from pictograph signs to symbolic signs and the change of radicals from signs of meaning to signs of form, and at the same time provides some examples of the process of the establishment of a discipline with mutual influence of books of characters and rhyming dictionaries on each other in the history of Xiaoxue Books. The laws and principles in the development of philology and books of characters reflect the changes in the development of Chinese characters and the cognitive history of Chinese characters.
The retrieval method of the ancient books of characters of successive dynasties includes radical retrieval method, sound-order retrieval method and stroke retrieval method. We can see from these books of characters the production, use, improvement and abandonment of sound-order retrieval method with its unique development characteristics and reasons for its rise and fall. A re-evaluation of the history of the gradual development, perfection and self-choice of retrieval method is of great significance in that it can reflect the development law of Chinese characters from pictograph signs to symbolic signs and the change of radicals from signs of meaning to signs of form, and at the same time provides some examples of the process of the establishment of a discipline with mutual influence of books of characters and rhyming dictionaries on each other in the history of Xiaoxue Books. The laws and principles in the development of philology and books of characters reflect the changes in the development of Chinese characters and the cognitive history of Chinese characters.
引文
[1][清]永瑢,等.四库全书总目[M].北京:中华书局,1960.
[2]王力.中国语言学史[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1981.
[3][辽]释行均.龙龛手镜(高丽本)[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[4][汉]许慎.注音版说文解字[M].徐铉校订.愚若注音.北京:中华书局,2015.
[5][金]韩孝彦,韩道昭.改并五音类聚四声篇海[M].//续修四库全书:第229册.上海:上海古籍出版社,2018.
[6]刘彩霞.中国古代字典排检法的演变[J].阴山学刊,2002(1).
[7]梅膺祚撰,吴任臣编纂.字汇字汇补[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1991.
[8][唐]颜元孙.颜真卿书干禄字书[M].北京:紫禁城出版社,1990.
[9][清]谢启昆.小学考[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2011.
[2]王力.中国语言学史[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1981.
[3][辽]释行均.龙龛手镜(高丽本)[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[4][汉]许慎.注音版说文解字[M].徐铉校订.愚若注音.北京:中华书局,2015.
[5][金]韩孝彦,韩道昭.改并五音类聚四声篇海[M].//续修四库全书:第229册.上海:上海古籍出版社,2018.
[6]刘彩霞.中国古代字典排检法的演变[J].阴山学刊,2002(1).
[7]梅膺祚撰,吴任臣编纂.字汇字汇补[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1991.
[8][唐]颜元孙.颜真卿书干禄字书[M].北京:紫禁城出版社,1990.
[9][清]谢启昆.小学考[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2011.