成都市冬季大气消光系数及其组成的特征研究
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摘要
由于气溶胶吸湿增长的复杂性和不确定性,大气消光的演化机理至今尚不十分清晰.为此,利用成都市2017年12月浊度仪和黑碳仪的逐时观测资料,结合同时次的环境气象监测数据,系统研究了该区域冬季对应550 nm大气消光系数及其组成的特征.结果表明:①观测期间大气消光系数为(1173.42±641.21) Mm~(-1),其中"干"气溶胶散射系数、"干"气溶胶吸收系数、干洁大气散射系数、气态污染物吸收系数和气溶胶吸湿性消光系数对其平均贡献率分别是53.02%、6.54%、1.50%、1.65%和37.29%.②大气消光系数、"干"气溶胶散射系数和气溶胶吸湿性消光系数的日变化为"单峰单谷型",而"干"气溶胶吸收系数和气态污染物吸收系数的日变化则分别表现为"单谷型"和"双峰双谷型".③明确了单位质量大气消光系数及其组成随相对湿度的变化特征,并就其各自成因进行了分析.
Due to the complexity and uncertainty of aerosol hygroscopic growth, the evolution mechanism of atmospheric extinction is not completely understood so far. By using the observed hourly data from nephelometer and aethalometer, as well as the simultaneous monitored data of environmental meteorology in Chengdu during December 2017, the characteristics of atmospheric extinction coefficient and its components at 550 nm were investigated. The results showed that: ①In observational period, atmospheric extinction coefficient was(1173.42±641.21) Mm~(-1), and its average contribution rate of "dry" aerosol scattering coefficient, "dry" aerosol absorption coefficient, gas scattering coefficient, gas absorption coefficient and aerosol hygroscopicity extinction coefficient were 53.02%, 6.54%, 1.50%, 1.65% and 37.29% respectively. ②Diurnal variation of atmospheric extinction coefficient, "dry" aerosol scattering coefficient, and aerosol hygroscopicity extinction coefficient showed a consistent pattern of "single peak and single valley", "dry" aerosol absorption coefficient showed pattern of "single valley", and gas absorption coefficient showed pattern of "double peak and double valley". ③The variation characteristics of unit mass atmospheric extinction coefficient and its components with relative humidity were expounded, and corresponding causes were also given.
Due to the complexity and uncertainty of aerosol hygroscopic growth, the evolution mechanism of atmospheric extinction is not completely understood so far. By using the observed hourly data from nephelometer and aethalometer, as well as the simultaneous monitored data of environmental meteorology in Chengdu during December 2017, the characteristics of atmospheric extinction coefficient and its components at 550 nm were investigated. The results showed that: ①In observational period, atmospheric extinction coefficient was(1173.42±641.21) Mm~(-1), and its average contribution rate of "dry" aerosol scattering coefficient, "dry" aerosol absorption coefficient, gas scattering coefficient, gas absorption coefficient and aerosol hygroscopicity extinction coefficient were 53.02%, 6.54%, 1.50%, 1.65% and 37.29% respectively. ②Diurnal variation of atmospheric extinction coefficient, "dry" aerosol scattering coefficient, and aerosol hygroscopicity extinction coefficient showed a consistent pattern of "single peak and single valley", "dry" aerosol absorption coefficient showed pattern of "single valley", and gas absorption coefficient showed pattern of "double peak and double valley". ③The variation characteristics of unit mass atmospheric extinction coefficient and its components with relative humidity were expounded, and corresponding causes were also given.
引文
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陶金花,王子峰,徐谦,等.2015.北京地区颗粒物质量消光吸湿增长模型研究[J].遥感学报,19(1):12-24
Tao J,Zhang L,Gao J,et al.2015.Aerosol chemical composition and light scattering during a winter season in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,110:36-44
陶俊,张仁健,许振成,等.2009.广州冬季大气消光系数的贡献因子研究[J].气候与环境研究,14(5):484-490
王淑英,张小玲.2002.北京地区PM10污染的气象特征[J].应用气象学报,13(S1):177-184
徐昶,叶辉,沈建东,等.2014.杭州大气颗粒物散射消光特性及霾天气污染特征[J].环境科学,35(12):4422-4430
杨军,李子华,黄世鸿.1999.相对湿度对大气气溶胶粒子短波辐射特性的影响[J].大气科学,23(2):239-247
Yan P,Tang J,Huang J,et al.2008.The measurement of aerosol optical properties at a rural site in Northern China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,8(8):2229-2242
Ying I T.2005.Atmospheric visibility trends in an urban area in Taiwan 1961—2003[J].Atmospheric Environment,39(30):5555-5567
杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等.2015.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,28(6):848-854
Yuan C S,Lee C G,Liu S H,et al.2006.Correlation of atmospheric visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols[J].Atmospheric Research,82(3):663-679
张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.2013.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,58(13):1178-1187
周瑶瑶,马嫣,郑军,等.2015.南京北郊冬季霾天PM2.5水溶性离子的污染特征与消光作用研究[J].环境科学,36(6):1926-1934
朱育雷,倪长健,崔蕾.2017.成都市污染边界层高度的演变特征分析[J].环境工程,35(1):98-102
Chen J,Zhao C S,Mt N,et al.2012.A parameterization of low visibility for haze days in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,12(11):4935-4950
崔虎雄,任小龙,张华.2014.上海市浦东城区冬季颗粒物数浓度及其谱分布特征[J].中国环境监测,30(6):62-66
崔蕾,倪长健,孙欢欢,等.2016.成都颗粒物吸湿增长特征及订正方法研究[J].环境科学学报,36(11):3938-3943
Dentener F J,Crutzen P J.1993.Reaction Of N2O5 on tropospheric aerosols - impact on the global distributions Of NOx,O3,and OH[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,98(D4):7149-7163
何镓祺,于兴娜,朱彬,等.2016.南京冬季气溶胶消光特性及霾天气低能见度特征[J].中国环境科学,36(6):1645-1653
胡波,张武,张镭,等.2003.兰州市西固区冬季大气气溶胶粒子的散射特征[J].高原气象,22(4):354-360
Koschmieder H.1924.Theorie der horizontalen Sichtweite[J].Beitrage zur Physik der freien Atmosphare,33-53
刘凡,谭钦文,江霞,等.2018.成都市冬季相对湿度对颗粒物浓度和大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,39(4):1466-1472
刘宁微,马雁军,杨素英,等.2015.沈阳地区大气气溶胶消光特性的观测研究[J].大气科学学报,38(4):458-464
刘新罡,张远航,曾立民,等.2006.广州市大气能见度影响因子的贡献研究[J].气候与环境研究,11(6):733-738
刘新罡,张远航.2010.大气气溶胶吸湿性质国内外研究进展[J].气候与环境研究,15(6):808-816
刘新民,邵敏.2004.北京市夏季大气消光系数的来源分析[J].环境科学学报,24(2):185-189
Penndorf R.1957.Tables of the refractive index for standard air and the rayleigh scattering coefficient for the spectral region between 0.2 and 20.0 μ and their application to atmospheric optics[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,47(2):176-182
Pitchford M,Maim W,Schichtel B,et al.2007.Revised algorithm for estimating light extinction from IMPROVE particle speciation data[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,57(11):1326-1336
孙欢欢,倪长健,崔蕾,等.2016.成都市大气消光系数时间序列随机特性分析[J].光学学报,36(8):1-9
孙景群.1985.能见度与相对湿度的关系[J].气象学报,43(2):230-234
孙俊英,张璐,沈小静,等.2016.大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长特性研究进展[J].气象学报,74(5):672-682
Sloane C S,Wolf G T.1985.Prediction of ambient light scattering using a physical model responsive to relative humidity validation with measurements from Detroit [J].Atmospheric Environment,19(4):669-680
宋丹林,陶俊,张普,等.2013.成都城区颗粒物消光系数特征及其与PM2.5的关系[J].中国科学院大学学报,30(6):757-762
陶金花,王子峰,徐谦,等.2015.北京地区颗粒物质量消光吸湿增长模型研究[J].遥感学报,19(1):12-24
Tao J,Zhang L,Gao J,et al.2015.Aerosol chemical composition and light scattering during a winter season in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,110:36-44
陶俊,张仁健,许振成,等.2009.广州冬季大气消光系数的贡献因子研究[J].气候与环境研究,14(5):484-490
王淑英,张小玲.2002.北京地区PM10污染的气象特征[J].应用气象学报,13(S1):177-184
徐昶,叶辉,沈建东,等.2014.杭州大气颗粒物散射消光特性及霾天气污染特征[J].环境科学,35(12):4422-4430
杨军,李子华,黄世鸿.1999.相对湿度对大气气溶胶粒子短波辐射特性的影响[J].大气科学,23(2):239-247
Yan P,Tang J,Huang J,et al.2008.The measurement of aerosol optical properties at a rural site in Northern China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,8(8):2229-2242
Ying I T.2005.Atmospheric visibility trends in an urban area in Taiwan 1961—2003[J].Atmospheric Environment,39(30):5555-5567
杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等.2015.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,28(6):848-854
Yuan C S,Lee C G,Liu S H,et al.2006.Correlation of atmospheric visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols[J].Atmospheric Research,82(3):663-679
张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.2013.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,58(13):1178-1187
周瑶瑶,马嫣,郑军,等.2015.南京北郊冬季霾天PM2.5水溶性离子的污染特征与消光作用研究[J].环境科学,36(6):1926-1934
朱育雷,倪长健,崔蕾.2017.成都市污染边界层高度的演变特征分析[J].环境工程,35(1):98-102