准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带植被斑块格局土壤水盐及养分分布特征的分析
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摘要
土壤水盐与养分是荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块状植被生长发育和维持稳定的主要环境因子。本文通过准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块状格局土壤水分、盐分和养分的分析测定及对比分析,得出准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带植被斑块格局土壤水盐及养分分布特征。结果表明:(1)由于植被覆盖降低太阳辐射植被斑块土壤温度小于裸地斑块土壤温度,形成以植被斑块为中心的"冷岛";植被斑块土壤水分呈反"S"型曲线分布并形成以荒漠植物梭梭植株为中心的"湿岛";不同斑块土壤总盐含量均呈"正S型"曲线分布,植被斑块形成以梭梭植株为中心的"低盐区"。(2)土壤中盐分以硫酸钙、硫酸钠和氯化钠为主,土壤八大离子中阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,阴离子以SO42-和Cl-为主,大部分离子浅集表聚,少部分向土土壤深处迁移。
In order to determine the physical and chemical properties and spatial variability of patchy soil in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, ENVIdata-DT probe water temperature and salinity monitoring system was used to monitor the temperature,moisture and salinity of vegetation patches and bare patches respectively, and eight major ions and pH of soil at different soil depths were analyzed. The results are as follows:(1) Soil salinity in the Oasis-Desert ecotone of southern Junggar Basin is dominated by calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. The Ca~(2+) and Na~+ are the dominant cations, and the SO_4~(2-) and Cl~- are the dominant anions. Most of the ions in the soil are shallow aggregated and a few of them migrate to the deep soil.(2) Vegetation patches Soil moisture is obviously anti-S distribution, and the water storage function of vegetation makes the soil moisture content of vegetation patches larger than that of bare land patches, forming a "wet island" centered on desert plant Haloxylonammodendron.(3)According to the law of "salt comes with water, salt goes with water", the total salt content of different patches of soil presents a "positive S" curve, but due to the fact that the total salt content of vegetation patches is higher than that of bare land patches. The salt secretion of Haloxylonammodendron resulted in the soil salt content of vegetation patches was less than that of bare patches,forming a "low salt area" centered on Haloxylonammodendron plants.(4) Because of the soil temperature of solar radiation vegetation patch is lower than that of bare land patch, the "cold island effect" centered on vegetation patch is formed.
In order to determine the physical and chemical properties and spatial variability of patchy soil in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, ENVIdata-DT probe water temperature and salinity monitoring system was used to monitor the temperature,moisture and salinity of vegetation patches and bare patches respectively, and eight major ions and pH of soil at different soil depths were analyzed. The results are as follows:(1) Soil salinity in the Oasis-Desert ecotone of southern Junggar Basin is dominated by calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. The Ca~(2+) and Na~+ are the dominant cations, and the SO_4~(2-) and Cl~- are the dominant anions. Most of the ions in the soil are shallow aggregated and a few of them migrate to the deep soil.(2) Vegetation patches Soil moisture is obviously anti-S distribution, and the water storage function of vegetation makes the soil moisture content of vegetation patches larger than that of bare land patches, forming a "wet island" centered on desert plant Haloxylonammodendron.(3)According to the law of "salt comes with water, salt goes with water", the total salt content of different patches of soil presents a "positive S" curve, but due to the fact that the total salt content of vegetation patches is higher than that of bare land patches. The salt secretion of Haloxylonammodendron resulted in the soil salt content of vegetation patches was less than that of bare patches,forming a "low salt area" centered on Haloxylonammodendron plants.(4) Because of the soil temperature of solar radiation vegetation patch is lower than that of bare land patch, the "cold island effect" centered on vegetation patch is formed.
引文
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[22]王金哲,张光辉,严明疆,等.环渤海平原区土壤盐分分布特征及影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(11):104-109.Wang Jinzhe,Zhang Guanghui,Yan Mingjiang,et al.Analysis of soil salinity distribution and influencing factors in area around Bohai sea[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(11):104-109.
[23]王雪梅,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,柴仲平,等.新疆典型盐渍化区离子特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(12):183-187.Wang X M,Teyibai Taxipulati,Chai Z P,et al.Analysis on the characteristics of ions in the typical salinification area of Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(12):183-187.
[24]杨艳凤,周宏飞,徐利岗.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭根区土壤水分变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1711-1716.Yang Yanfeng,Zhou Hongfei,Xiu Ligang.Dynamic variations of soilmoisture in Haloxylon ammodendron root zone in Gurban tunggut Desert[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(7):1711-1716.
[25]马勇刚,贡璐,丁建丽.塔里木南缘绿洲“冷岛”效应时空变化研究———以于田地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2007,(5):866-869.Ma Y G,Gong L,Ding J L.Spatial-Temporal Change of Cool Island"Effect in Southern Tarim Basin:A Case Study in Yutian Oasis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007(5):866-869.
[2] Sheffer E,Yizhaq H,Shachak M,et al.Mechanisms of vegetation-ring formation in water-limited systems[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,2011,273(1):138-146.
[3] Galle S,Ehrmann M,Peugeot C.Water balance in a banded vegetation pattern:A case study of tiger bush in western Niger[J].Catena,1999,37(1–2):197-216.
[4]杜建会,严平,董玉祥.干旱地区斑块状植被格局形成的水分驱动机制及其研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(8):2137-2144.Du J H,Yan P,Dong Y X.Water driving mechanism of patched vegetation formation in arid areas:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(8):2137-2144.
[5]王德金,胡广录,廖亚鑫,et al.黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块状植被区积沙量的空间异质性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(5):105-122.Wang Dejin,Hu Guanglu,Liao Yaxin, et al.Spatial heterogeneity of sand deposition in patch vegetation plots of desertoasisecotone in the middle reaches of the Heihe River[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016,30(5):105-112.
[6] Guo Q.Geographic Distribution of Existing Haloxylon Desert Vegetation and Its Patch Character in China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(5):1-7.
[7] Chang J,Pan C D,Shi R F.Analysis on Dominant Species Distribution Patterns and Relation of Ass.Haloxylon persicum+H.ammodendron[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2006,29(2):26-29.
[8] Bochet E,Poesen J,Rubio J L.Mound development as an interaction of individual plants with soil,water erosion and sedimentation processes on slopes[J].Earth Surface Processes&Landforms,2015,25(8):847-867.
[9] Bautista S,MayorG,Bourakhouadar J,et al.Plant Spatial Pattern Predicts Hillslope Runoff and Erosion in a Semiarid Mediterranean Landscape[J].Ecosystems,2007,10(6):987-998.
[10]胡广录,赵文智,王岗.干旱荒漠区斑块状植被空间格局及其防沙效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7609-7616.Hu G L,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Gang.Reviews on spatial pattern and sand-binding effect of patch vegetation in arid desert area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(24):7609-7616.
[11] Liu Z Q,Liu T,Zhang R,et al.Species diversity and spatial differentiation of ephemeral plant community in southern Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(1):45-52.
[12] Phillips D L,Gregg J W.Source partitioning using stable isotopes:coping with too many sources[J].Oecologia,2003,136(2):261.
[13] Meinzer F C,Anarade J L,Goldstein G,et al.Partitioning of soil water among canopy trees in a seasonally dry tropical forest[J].Oecologia,1999,121(3):293-301.
[14] Enoki T,Kawaguchi H,Iwatsubo G.Topographic variations of soil properties and stand structure in a Pinus thunbergii plantation[J].Ecological Research,1996,11(3):299-309.
[15] Itoh A,Yamakura T,Ohkubo T,et al.Importance of topography and soil texture in the spatial distribution of two sympatric dipterocarp trees in a Bornean rainforest[J].Ecological Research,2010,18(3):307-20.
[16]张凯,冯起,吕永清,等.民勤绿洲荒漠带土壤水分的空间分异研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1149-55.Zhang Kai,Feng Qi,LüYongqing,et al. Study on Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Water Contents in Oasis-desert Belt of Minqin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(5):1149-1155.
[17]盛晋华,乔永祥,刘宏义,等.梭梭根系的研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(2):91-94.Sheng Jinhua,Qiao Yongxiang,Liu Hongyi,et al.A Study on the Root System of Haloxylon Aammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2004,12(2):91-94.
[18]田媛.梭梭萌发定居过程中的致死因素与存活策略研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014.
[19]王兵,崔向慧,白秀兰,等.荒漠化地区土壤水分时空格局及其动态规律研究[J].林业科学研究,2002(2):143-149.Wang Bing,Cui Xianghui,Bai Xiulan,et al.Research on Temporal and Spatial Patterns and Dynamic Laws of Soil Water Content in Desert Area[J].Forest Research,2002(2):143-149.
[20]席海洋,冯起,司建华,等.额济纳绿洲不同植被覆盖下土壤特性的时空变化[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(1):68-75.Qi H Y,Feng Q,Si J H,et al.Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Soil in Ejina Oasis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(1):68-75.
[21]郑丽丽,熊黑钢,夏倩柔,等.古尔班通沙漠南缘11种植被的土壤理化差异性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(35):245-253.Zheng Lili,Xiong Heigang,Xia Qianrou,et al.Physical and Chemical Differences of 11 Vegetation-soil Types in Southern Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(35):245-253.
[22]王金哲,张光辉,严明疆,等.环渤海平原区土壤盐分分布特征及影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(11):104-109.Wang Jinzhe,Zhang Guanghui,Yan Mingjiang,et al.Analysis of soil salinity distribution and influencing factors in area around Bohai sea[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(11):104-109.
[23]王雪梅,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,柴仲平,等.新疆典型盐渍化区离子特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(12):183-187.Wang X M,Teyibai Taxipulati,Chai Z P,et al.Analysis on the characteristics of ions in the typical salinification area of Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(12):183-187.
[24]杨艳凤,周宏飞,徐利岗.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭根区土壤水分变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1711-1716.Yang Yanfeng,Zhou Hongfei,Xiu Ligang.Dynamic variations of soilmoisture in Haloxylon ammodendron root zone in Gurban tunggut Desert[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(7):1711-1716.
[25]马勇刚,贡璐,丁建丽.塔里木南缘绿洲“冷岛”效应时空变化研究———以于田地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2007,(5):866-869.Ma Y G,Gong L,Ding J L.Spatial-Temporal Change of Cool Island"Effect in Southern Tarim Basin:A Case Study in Yutian Oasis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007(5):866-869.