不同类型乳酸菌添加剂对燕麦 青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同类型乳酸菌添加剂对燕麦(Avena sativa)青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响,分别将植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(L.rhamnous)和布氏乳杆菌(L.buchneri)3种乳酸菌添加剂添加到燕麦青贮饲料中,发酵45d后测定发酵品质、营养成分和有氧稳定性。结果表明,添加3种乳酸菌制剂后,燕麦青贮饲料的pH值、丙酸(PA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著低于对照(P<0.05);布氏乳杆菌处理组的乙酸(AA)含量最高(P<0.05);植物乳杆菌处理组乳酸菌含量最高(P<0.05),对照和添加布氏乳杆菌处理均未检测到酵母菌,对照及其他处理均未检测到霉菌;添加植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌处理的可溶性碳水化合物(water soluble carbohydrate,WSC)含量显著高于对照和添加鼠李糖乳杆菌的处理(P<0.05);对照和添加布氏乳杆菌处理的有氧稳定时间超过168h,随有氧暴露天数的增加,对照和布氏乳杆菌处理组pH变化平稳,酵母菌数量较低。3种乳酸菌添加剂均能明显改善燕麦青贮饲料的发酵品质,添加植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌能保留较多的燕麦青贮饲料WSC含量,对照组和布氏乳杆菌处理组的有氧稳定性较优。
The effects of different lactic acid bacteria additives on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage was studied.The three selected strains Lactobacillus plantarum,L.rhamnosus,and L.buchneri were added to the oat silage.After 45 days of fermentation,the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the oat silage were determined.The results showed that the three selected LAB inoculants significantly reduced the pH value,PA,and ammonia nitrogen content(P<0.05),the treatment with L.buchneri had the highest AA content(P<0.05).The lactic acid bacteria count in L.plantarumtreatment was the highest among the treatments;the yeast count in the control and L.buchneri treatment was below the detectable level;molds were below the detectable level in all treatments.The treatments with L.plantarumand L.buchneri had higher residual WSC content than that of the control and L.rhamnosus treatment.The aerobic stability of control and L.buchneri treatment was>168 h.With the increase in air exposure days,the pH value of L.buchneri treatment was maintained around 4.0,and the yeast count was always lower than that of the other treatments.All three LAB inoculants improved the fermentation quality of oat silage.Furthermore,L.plantarumand L.rhamnosus decreased the aerobic stability hour of oat silage.
The effects of different lactic acid bacteria additives on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage was studied.The three selected strains Lactobacillus plantarum,L.rhamnosus,and L.buchneri were added to the oat silage.After 45 days of fermentation,the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the oat silage were determined.The results showed that the three selected LAB inoculants significantly reduced the pH value,PA,and ammonia nitrogen content(P<0.05),the treatment with L.buchneri had the highest AA content(P<0.05).The lactic acid bacteria count in L.plantarumtreatment was the highest among the treatments;the yeast count in the control and L.buchneri treatment was below the detectable level;molds were below the detectable level in all treatments.The treatments with L.plantarumand L.buchneri had higher residual WSC content than that of the control and L.rhamnosus treatment.The aerobic stability of control and L.buchneri treatment was>168 h.With the increase in air exposure days,the pH value of L.buchneri treatment was maintained around 4.0,and the yeast count was always lower than that of the other treatments.All three LAB inoculants improved the fermentation quality of oat silage.Furthermore,L.plantarumand L.rhamnosus decreased the aerobic stability hour of oat silage.
引文
[1]任长忠,胡跃高.中国燕麦学.北京:中国农业出版社,2013.Ren C Z,Hu Y G.Chinese Oat Study.Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[2]McDonld P,Henderson A R,Heron S J E.The Biochemistry of Silage.Welton,Lincoln,UK:Chalcombe Publications,1991.
[3]樊振,马贵军,姚峻,刘建成,马燕,蒋粒薪.不同发酵类型乳酸菌对玉米青贮发酵品质的影响.饲料研究,2014(1):43-45.Fan Z,Ma G J,Yao J,Liu J C,Ma Y,Jiang L X.The effect of different types of lactic acid bacteria on corn silage.Feed Research,2014(1):43-45.(in Chinese)
[4]Fllva I,Muck R E,Contreras Govea F E.lnoculant effects on alfalfa silage:Fermentation products and nutritive value.Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(11):5108-5114.
[5]侯建建,白春生,张庆,玉柱.单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2016,33(10):2119-2125.Hou J J,Bai C S,Zhang Q,Yu Z.Effects of different additive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fractions of alfalfa.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):2119-2125.(in Chinese)
[6]杨云贵,程天亮,杨雪娇,张越利.3个燕麦品种不同收获期对青贮饲草营养价值的影响.草地学报,2013,21(4):683-688.Yang Y G,Cheng T L,Yang X J,Zhang Y L.Effects of different growth stages of three oat cultivars on the nutritive value of silage.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(4):683-688.(in Chinese)
[7]覃方锉,赵桂琴,焦婷,韩永杰,侯建杰,宋旭东.含水量及添加剂对燕麦捆裹青贮品质的影响.草业学报,2014,23(6):119-125.Qin F C,Zhao G Q,Jiao T,Han Y J,Hou J J,Song X D.Effects of different moisture contents and additives on the quality of bales oat silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):119-125.(in Chinese)
[8]Bhandari S K,Li S,Ominski K H,Wittenberg K M,Plaizier J C.Effects of the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage on feed intake,milk production,feeding behavior,and rumen fermentation of dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(5):1942-1958.
[9]Mustafa A F,Seguin P.Effects of stage of maturity on ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage.Archives of Animal Nutrition,2003,57(5):347-357.
[10]Romero J J,Zhao Y,Balseca-Paredes M A,Tiezzi F,Gutierrez-Rodriguez E,Castillo M S.Laboratory silo type and inoculation effects on nutritional composition,fermentation,and bacterial and fungal communities of oat silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1812-1828.
[11]许庆方,玉柱,韩建国,白春生,薛艳林,荀桂荣.高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸.草原与草坪,2007(2):63-65.Xu Q F,Yu Z,Han J G,Bai C S,Xue Y L,Xun G R.Determing organic acid in alfalfa silageby HPLC.Grassland and Turf,2007(2):63-65.(in Chinese)
[12]Broderick G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[13]Zhang Q,Li X J,Zhao M M,Yu Z.Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness of Leymus chinensis silage fermentation.Letters in Applied Microbiology,2014,59(4):391-397.
[14]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1999:58-63.Yang S.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Detection Technology.Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1999:58-63.(in Chinese)
[15]Murphy R P.A method for the extraction of plant samples and the determination of total soluble carbohydrates.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1958,9:714-717.
[16]Hall M B.Determination of starch,including maltooligosaccharides,in animal feeds:Comparison of methods and a method recommended for AOAC collaborative study.Journal of AOAC International 2008,92:42-49.
[17]van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74:3583-3597.
[18]Ranjit N K,Kung L J.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri,Lactobacillus plantarum,or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83:526-35.
[19]云颖,赵苗苗,双胡尔,吴哲,玉柱.刈割期和添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和CNCPS蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2017,34(10):2149-2156.Yun Y,Zhao M M,Shuang H E,Wu Z,Yu Z.Effect of mowing period and additives on fermentation quality and CNCPS protein components of alfalfa silage.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2149-2156.(in Chinese)
[20]韩立英,玉柱,周禾.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对直穗鹅观草青贮的改善效果.草业科学,2013,30(9):1439-1444.Han L Y,Yu Z,Zhou H.Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and enzymes on Roegneria turczaninovii silages.Pratacultural Science,2013,30(9):1439-1444.(in Chinese)
[21]关皓,张明均,宋珊,郭旭生,干友民.添加剂对不同干物质含量的多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响.草业科学,2017,34(10):2157-2163.Guan H,Zhang M J,Song S,Guo X S,Gan Y M.Effect of additives on the quality of rye grass silage with different dry matter content.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2157-2163.(in Chinese)
[22]Hristov A N,McAllister T A.Effect of inoculants on whole-crop baley silage fermentation and dry matter disappearance in situ.Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(2):510-516.
[23]Buxton D R,Muck R E,Harrison J H.Silage Science and Technology.Madison,WI,USA:ASA Inc,2003:305-359.
[24]Filya I,Sucu E,Karabulut A.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation,aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of maize silage.Journal of Applied Microbiology,2006,101(6):1216-1223.
[25]Muck R E,Kung L Jr.Effects of silage additives on ensiling in silage:Field to feedbunk NRAES-99.Ithaca,N.Y:Northeast Eegional Agricultural Engineering Service,1997:187-199.
[26]Courtin M G,Spoelstra S F.A simulation model of the microbiological and chemical changes accompanying the initial stage of aerobic deterioration of silage.Grass and Forage Science,1990,45:153-165.
[27]Kung L Jr,Ranjit N K.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84:1149-1155.
[28]Huber J T,Scejono M.Organic acid treatment of high dry matter corn silage fed lactating dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,1976,59:2063-2070.
[29]Cai Y,Ohmomo S,Kumai S.Distribution and lactate fermentation characteristics of lactic acid bacteria on forage crops and grasses.Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science,1994,39:420-428.
[2]McDonld P,Henderson A R,Heron S J E.The Biochemistry of Silage.Welton,Lincoln,UK:Chalcombe Publications,1991.
[3]樊振,马贵军,姚峻,刘建成,马燕,蒋粒薪.不同发酵类型乳酸菌对玉米青贮发酵品质的影响.饲料研究,2014(1):43-45.Fan Z,Ma G J,Yao J,Liu J C,Ma Y,Jiang L X.The effect of different types of lactic acid bacteria on corn silage.Feed Research,2014(1):43-45.(in Chinese)
[4]Fllva I,Muck R E,Contreras Govea F E.lnoculant effects on alfalfa silage:Fermentation products and nutritive value.Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(11):5108-5114.
[5]侯建建,白春生,张庆,玉柱.单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2016,33(10):2119-2125.Hou J J,Bai C S,Zhang Q,Yu Z.Effects of different additive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fractions of alfalfa.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):2119-2125.(in Chinese)
[6]杨云贵,程天亮,杨雪娇,张越利.3个燕麦品种不同收获期对青贮饲草营养价值的影响.草地学报,2013,21(4):683-688.Yang Y G,Cheng T L,Yang X J,Zhang Y L.Effects of different growth stages of three oat cultivars on the nutritive value of silage.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(4):683-688.(in Chinese)
[7]覃方锉,赵桂琴,焦婷,韩永杰,侯建杰,宋旭东.含水量及添加剂对燕麦捆裹青贮品质的影响.草业学报,2014,23(6):119-125.Qin F C,Zhao G Q,Jiao T,Han Y J,Hou J J,Song X D.Effects of different moisture contents and additives on the quality of bales oat silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):119-125.(in Chinese)
[8]Bhandari S K,Li S,Ominski K H,Wittenberg K M,Plaizier J C.Effects of the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage on feed intake,milk production,feeding behavior,and rumen fermentation of dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(5):1942-1958.
[9]Mustafa A F,Seguin P.Effects of stage of maturity on ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage.Archives of Animal Nutrition,2003,57(5):347-357.
[10]Romero J J,Zhao Y,Balseca-Paredes M A,Tiezzi F,Gutierrez-Rodriguez E,Castillo M S.Laboratory silo type and inoculation effects on nutritional composition,fermentation,and bacterial and fungal communities of oat silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1812-1828.
[11]许庆方,玉柱,韩建国,白春生,薛艳林,荀桂荣.高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸.草原与草坪,2007(2):63-65.Xu Q F,Yu Z,Han J G,Bai C S,Xue Y L,Xun G R.Determing organic acid in alfalfa silageby HPLC.Grassland and Turf,2007(2):63-65.(in Chinese)
[12]Broderick G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[13]Zhang Q,Li X J,Zhao M M,Yu Z.Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness of Leymus chinensis silage fermentation.Letters in Applied Microbiology,2014,59(4):391-397.
[14]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1999:58-63.Yang S.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Detection Technology.Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1999:58-63.(in Chinese)
[15]Murphy R P.A method for the extraction of plant samples and the determination of total soluble carbohydrates.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1958,9:714-717.
[16]Hall M B.Determination of starch,including maltooligosaccharides,in animal feeds:Comparison of methods and a method recommended for AOAC collaborative study.Journal of AOAC International 2008,92:42-49.
[17]van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74:3583-3597.
[18]Ranjit N K,Kung L J.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri,Lactobacillus plantarum,or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83:526-35.
[19]云颖,赵苗苗,双胡尔,吴哲,玉柱.刈割期和添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和CNCPS蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2017,34(10):2149-2156.Yun Y,Zhao M M,Shuang H E,Wu Z,Yu Z.Effect of mowing period and additives on fermentation quality and CNCPS protein components of alfalfa silage.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2149-2156.(in Chinese)
[20]韩立英,玉柱,周禾.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对直穗鹅观草青贮的改善效果.草业科学,2013,30(9):1439-1444.Han L Y,Yu Z,Zhou H.Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and enzymes on Roegneria turczaninovii silages.Pratacultural Science,2013,30(9):1439-1444.(in Chinese)
[21]关皓,张明均,宋珊,郭旭生,干友民.添加剂对不同干物质含量的多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响.草业科学,2017,34(10):2157-2163.Guan H,Zhang M J,Song S,Guo X S,Gan Y M.Effect of additives on the quality of rye grass silage with different dry matter content.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2157-2163.(in Chinese)
[22]Hristov A N,McAllister T A.Effect of inoculants on whole-crop baley silage fermentation and dry matter disappearance in situ.Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(2):510-516.
[23]Buxton D R,Muck R E,Harrison J H.Silage Science and Technology.Madison,WI,USA:ASA Inc,2003:305-359.
[24]Filya I,Sucu E,Karabulut A.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation,aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of maize silage.Journal of Applied Microbiology,2006,101(6):1216-1223.
[25]Muck R E,Kung L Jr.Effects of silage additives on ensiling in silage:Field to feedbunk NRAES-99.Ithaca,N.Y:Northeast Eegional Agricultural Engineering Service,1997:187-199.
[26]Courtin M G,Spoelstra S F.A simulation model of the microbiological and chemical changes accompanying the initial stage of aerobic deterioration of silage.Grass and Forage Science,1990,45:153-165.
[27]Kung L Jr,Ranjit N K.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84:1149-1155.
[28]Huber J T,Scejono M.Organic acid treatment of high dry matter corn silage fed lactating dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,1976,59:2063-2070.
[29]Cai Y,Ohmomo S,Kumai S.Distribution and lactate fermentation characteristics of lactic acid bacteria on forage crops and grasses.Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science,1994,39:420-428.