不同土壤水分条件下北京山梅花生长与耗水特性研究
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摘要
采用盆栽控水试验对比研究了不同土壤水分CK、W1、W2、W3(分别为田间最大持水量的80%~75%、65%~60%、50%~45%、35%~30%)对野生花灌木北京山梅花耗水及生长的影响。结果表明:北京山梅花的耗水日进程、耗水速率日变化在各处理下均呈"单峰型"曲线;Gs、Tr日变化呈"双峰型"曲线;W1、W2处理下的水分利用效率日变化显著高于其他处理;各水分梯度的日耗水量随天气的变化趋势均为晴天>半晴天>阴天;株高、总叶面积、干重等生长指标在不同水分梯度下差异显著,过高或过低的土壤含水量会降低植株的根冠比;北京山梅花日耗水量与环境因子的相关性大小依次为:光照>气温>相对湿度(负)。综合考虑其耗水量、水分利用效率及生长状况,建议选择控制土壤水分在田间最大持水量的65%~60%,既起到节水的效果,又能保障植株正常生长。
A pot experiment with controlled water supply was performed to analyze and compare the effects of different soil moistures:CK(75%—80% of MFC),W1(65%—60% of MFC),W2(50%—45% of MFC)and W3(35%—30% of MFC))on growth and water transpiration(WC)characteristics of Philadelphus pekinensis.The results indicated that:The daily variation of the water-consumption and water consumption rate of all treatments presented a convex curve;the daily variation of Gsand Tr presented bimodal curve;the daily variation of WUEin W1/W2 are significantly higher than other treatments.The ability of daily water-consumption for transpiration was sunny day>cloudy day>overcast day in the typical weather.There existed significant differences in height,total leaf areas,dry weights of plants under different gradients of soil water content,if the soil moisture contents were too high or too low,they could made the rootshoot ratio of plants reduce.Correlation regression analysis demonstrated that the WC of Philadelphus pekinensis was significantly correlated with environmental factors,and the correlation coefficients was in the order of solar radiation>air temperature>relative humidity.With the comprehensive thought of the ornamental effect,whensoil water content was 65%~60% of field moisture capacity,the plants grow well and water saving irrigation.
A pot experiment with controlled water supply was performed to analyze and compare the effects of different soil moistures:CK(75%—80% of MFC),W1(65%—60% of MFC),W2(50%—45% of MFC)and W3(35%—30% of MFC))on growth and water transpiration(WC)characteristics of Philadelphus pekinensis.The results indicated that:The daily variation of the water-consumption and water consumption rate of all treatments presented a convex curve;the daily variation of Gsand Tr presented bimodal curve;the daily variation of WUEin W1/W2 are significantly higher than other treatments.The ability of daily water-consumption for transpiration was sunny day>cloudy day>overcast day in the typical weather.There existed significant differences in height,total leaf areas,dry weights of plants under different gradients of soil water content,if the soil moisture contents were too high or too low,they could made the rootshoot ratio of plants reduce.Correlation regression analysis demonstrated that the WC of Philadelphus pekinensis was significantly correlated with environmental factors,and the correlation coefficients was in the order of solar radiation>air temperature>relative humidity.With the comprehensive thought of the ornamental effect,whensoil water content was 65%~60% of field moisture capacity,the plants grow well and water saving irrigation.
引文
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[15]庞海颖,牛东伟,李彦慧,等.施用保水剂对仁用杏抗旱生理特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2017,4(10):43-49.
[2]杜怡斌.河北野生资源植物志[M].河北:河北大学出版社,2000.
[3]丁杰,赵云阁,鲁绍伟,等.北京市园林绿化树种蒸腾耗水特性分析[J].北方园艺,2017(3):87-94.
[4]李吉跃,朱妍.干旱胁迫对北京城市绿化树种耗水特性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(6):32-37.
[5]华雷,何茜,李吉跃,等.桉树无性系和华南乡土树种秋枫苗木耗水特性的比较[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1639-1644.
[6]陈婧,马履一,段劼,等.不同土壤含水量下黄连木苗木生长及耗水特性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(3):69-77.
[7]徐飞,郭卫华,徐伟红,等.不同光环境对麻栎和刺槐幼苗生长和光合特征的影响[J].生态学报,2010,12:3098-3107.
[8]邱权,潘昕,何茜,等.华南地区3种苗木生长旺盛时期光合特性及蒸腾耗水日变化规律的比较[J].华南农业大学学报,2012,33(4):524-529.
[9]陈志钢,马履一,陈凤,等.土壤水分对油茶苗木气体交换及耗水规律的影响[J].北京林业大学学报.2014,36(3):48-56.
[10]薛强,赵廷宁,赵平,等.不同水分条件下3种灌木幼苗的耗水及生长特征[J].水土保持通报.2016,36(6):78-91.
[11]苗婷婷,杨婷婷,丁增发,等.7种园林绿化树种蒸腾耗水特性研究[J].四川林业科技.2014,35(6):84-87.
[12]李淑文,于淼,杜建云,等.不同灌水处理下土壤水分动态及玉米水分利用效率研究[J].河北农业大学学报.2010,4(33):17-21.
[13]刘颖,贺康宁,徐特,等.水分胁迫对金露梅叶片水势、光合特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国水土保持科学.2016.2(14):106-113.
[14]杨露,于晓跃,刘煜光,等.遮荫对2种彩叶风箱果叶色及光合特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报.2016.5(11):75-81.
[15]庞海颖,牛东伟,李彦慧,等.施用保水剂对仁用杏抗旱生理特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2017,4(10):43-49.