露天矿台阶爆破对邻近巷道的振动监测及分析
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摘要
为了准确分析台阶爆破振动作用下邻近巷道安全性问题,以某铁矿-68m台阶爆破为工程背景,在邻近爆区的巷道布置9个测点并进行爆破振动速度现场监测,研究爆破振动峰值速度在传播过程中的衰减规律并将实测振速值与理论振速值进行比较;利用希尔伯特黄变换方法对巷道监测的信号进行分解与变换处理,根据爆破振动信号能量的分布特征进一步对巷道安全性做出评价。结果显示:巷道内测点振动峰值速度集中于1～10cm/s且主频率变化范围在10～50Hz之间,符合爆破振动安全标准,同时结合爆破振动监测数据及回归分析确定了爆破振动衰减系数K、α,并验证实测振速值与理论振速值的相对误差分布在1.3%～3.8%之间,为巷道安全性预测提供参考。爆破振动瞬时能量谱出现5个峰值且在0.2s时刻达到最大,在0～0.2s时间段内不进行多段雷管起爆以达到减少瞬时能量集中分布的目的。
In order to accurately analyze the safety problem of the adjacent roadway under the effect of bench blasting vibration,9 measuring points were arranged at adjacent roadway in the depth of-110.2 m,conducting field monitoring of blasting vibration velocity based on-68 mbench blasting of the Dagushan mine,and discussing attenuation law of propagation process of blasting vibration wave.The energy distribution characteristics of blasting vibration signals were explored by using HHT method to decompose and transform the signals.The results show that the blasting vibration velocity is distributed at 1-10 cm/s and the main frequency is concentrated on 10-50 Hz.Combined with the monitoring data of blasting vibration and the back analysis,the attenuation coefficient of blasting vibration is certained,and the relative error between the measured velocity value and the theoretical value is within the 1.3%-3.8% acceptable range,which is the predicted of the peak velocity of blasting vibration.The instantaneous energy of blasting vibration appears 5 peaks and reaches the maximum value at 0.2 s.To reduce the damage effect of blasting vibration to adjacent laneway,avoiding detonation of multiple detonators at 0-0.2 sis imperitive in reducing the distribution of instantaneous energy.
In order to accurately analyze the safety problem of the adjacent roadway under the effect of bench blasting vibration,9 measuring points were arranged at adjacent roadway in the depth of-110.2 m,conducting field monitoring of blasting vibration velocity based on-68 mbench blasting of the Dagushan mine,and discussing attenuation law of propagation process of blasting vibration wave.The energy distribution characteristics of blasting vibration signals were explored by using HHT method to decompose and transform the signals.The results show that the blasting vibration velocity is distributed at 1-10 cm/s and the main frequency is concentrated on 10-50 Hz.Combined with the monitoring data of blasting vibration and the back analysis,the attenuation coefficient of blasting vibration is certained,and the relative error between the measured velocity value and the theoretical value is within the 1.3%-3.8% acceptable range,which is the predicted of the peak velocity of blasting vibration.The instantaneous energy of blasting vibration appears 5 peaks and reaches the maximum value at 0.2 s.To reduce the damage effect of blasting vibration to adjacent laneway,avoiding detonation of multiple detonators at 0-0.2 sis imperitive in reducing the distribution of instantaneous energy.
引文
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[2]陈思远,周传波,蒋楠,等.露天转地下采深影响下爆破振动速度传播规律[J].爆破,2016,33(3):23-30.CHEN Siyuan,ZHOU Chuanbo,JIANG Nan,et al.Propagation law of blasting vibration velocity influenced by mining depth during transition from open-pit to underground mining[J].Blasting,2016,33(3):23-30.
[3]蒲传金,廖涛,肖定军,等.桩井爆破振动在边坡的传播规律及预测分析[J].爆破,2017,34(1):77-84.PU Chuanjin,LIAO Tao,XIAO Dingjun,et al.Propagation and predictive analysis of pile-well blasting vibration in slope[J].Blasting,2017,34(1):77-84.
[4]周俊汝,卢文波,张乐,等.爆破地震波传播过程的振动频率衰减规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(11):2171-2178.ZHOU Junru,LU Wenbo,ZHANG Le,et al.Attenuation of vIbration frequency during propagation of blasting seismic wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(11):2171-2178.
[5]江杰,蒲鸥,刘刚伯,等.玉象隧道爆破振动监测与分析[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2016,41(6):1751-1755.JIANG Jie,PU Ou,LIU Gangbo,et al.Monitoring and analysis of blasting vibration of Yuxiang tunnel[J].Journal of Guangxi University:Natural Science Edition,2016,41(6):1751-1755.
[6]邹玉君,严鹏,刘琳,等.白鹤滩水电站坝肩边坡爆破振动对周民房影响评价及控制[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(1):248-258.ZOU Yujun,YAN Peng,LIU Lin,et al.Assessment and control of the blasting vibration effect on local residences during the excavation of abutment slope in the Baihetan project[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(1):248-258.
[7] HA Ik-Soo.Estimation of shear wave velocity of earth dam materials using artificial blasting test[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2013,55.
[8]路世伟.露天转地下开采边坡爆破振动传播特性及安全判据研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2017.
[9]周同岭,杨秀甫,翁家杰.爆破地震高程效应的试验研究[J].建井技术,1997,18(S1):31-35.ZHOU Tongling,YANG Xiufu,WENG Jiajie.Experimental study on height effect of blasting earthquake[J].Mine Construction Technology,1997,18(S1):31-35.
[10]唐海,李海波.反映高程放大效应的爆破振动公式研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):820-824.TANG Hai,LI Haibo.Study of blasting vibration formula of reflecting amplification effect on elevation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):820-824.
[11]陈明,卢文波,李鹏,等.岩质边坡爆破振动速度的高程放大效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2189-2195.CHEN Ming,LU Wenbo,LI Peng,et al.Elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration velocity in rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(11):2189-2195.
[12]张西良,仪海豹,辛国帅,等.高程对某露天矿边坡爆破振动传播规律的影响[J].金属矿山,2017(7):55-59.ZHANG Xiliang,YI Haibao,XIN Guoshuai,et al.Influence of elevation on the blasting vibration law in the slope of an openpit mine[J].Metal Mine,2017(7):55-59.