2018年全国蜱类监测报告
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摘要
目的了解我国人居环境周边常见蜱类的密度和活动规律,为蜱侵害及蜱传疾病的风险评估和科学有效防控提供依据。方法收集整理2018年我国病媒生物监测体系中53个监测点的蜱类监测数据,分析优势蜱种类,比较不同生境和宿主、不同省份蜱类密度差异及季节消长规律。结果 2018年检获蜱种中长角血蜱检获次数最多;不同宿主动物中,羊、牛的蜱指数较高,城市宠物犬的蜱指数从2017年的0.04上升到0.15;农村外环境捕获的蜱密度高于景区环境;开展监测的不同月份中,7月寄生蜱指数最高,游离蜱则以8月密度最高,两者的次波峰在4-5月,寄生蜱在9月还有1个小高峰。结论我国人居环境周边长角血蜱较为常见;牛、羊是监测宿主中的优势宿主动物,农村外环境是蜱的优势生境;寄生蜱指数全年呈三峰曲线,游离蜱密度呈双峰曲线;城镇宠物犬的蜱指数较2017年有所升高,提示要加强对农村家养动物及其活动环境早春和年中的蜱类防制,城市宠物染蜱情况不容忽视。
Objective To investigate the density and seasonal variation of ticks captured from human settlement and surroundings in China, and to provide a basis for risk assessment and scientific prevention and control of ticks and tickborne diseases. Methods The tick surveillance data in 2018 were collected from 53 surveillance sites of the National Vectors Surveillance in China. The dominant species of ticks were analyzed, and the density and seasonal variation of ticks were compared between different hosts, habitats, and provinces. Results Haemaphysalis longicornis was detected most frequently in 2018. Among the host animals, sheep and cattle had the highest tick index, and the tick index of urban pet dogs increased from 0.04 in 2017 to 0.15 in 2018. The tick density in surroundings of villages was higher than that in scenic areas. The highest index of on-host ticks was observed in July, and the highest density of questing ticks was observed in August; their secondary peaks were observed in April to May, and on-host ticks had an additional peak in September.Conclusion Haemaphysalis longicornis was the predominat species of ticks in human habitats and surroundings in China,sheep and cattle were dominant host animals, and surroundings of villages are the dominant habitat of ticks. There were 3 peaks in the curve of the index of on-host ticks and 2 peaks in the curve of the density of questing ticks. There was an increase in the tick index of urban pet dogs from 2017 to 2018. These results suggest that tick prevention and control should be strengthened for rural domestic animals and in surroundings of villages, as well as in early spring and the middle of the year. Tick infection in urban pets should not be neglected.
Objective To investigate the density and seasonal variation of ticks captured from human settlement and surroundings in China, and to provide a basis for risk assessment and scientific prevention and control of ticks and tickborne diseases. Methods The tick surveillance data in 2018 were collected from 53 surveillance sites of the National Vectors Surveillance in China. The dominant species of ticks were analyzed, and the density and seasonal variation of ticks were compared between different hosts, habitats, and provinces. Results Haemaphysalis longicornis was detected most frequently in 2018. Among the host animals, sheep and cattle had the highest tick index, and the tick index of urban pet dogs increased from 0.04 in 2017 to 0.15 in 2018. The tick density in surroundings of villages was higher than that in scenic areas. The highest index of on-host ticks was observed in July, and the highest density of questing ticks was observed in August; their secondary peaks were observed in April to May, and on-host ticks had an additional peak in September.Conclusion Haemaphysalis longicornis was the predominat species of ticks in human habitats and surroundings in China,sheep and cattle were dominant host animals, and surroundings of villages are the dominant habitat of ticks. There were 3 peaks in the curve of the index of on-host ticks and 2 peaks in the curve of the density of questing ticks. There was an increase in the tick index of urban pet dogs from 2017 to 2018. These results suggest that tick prevention and control should be strengthened for rural domestic animals and in surroundings of villages, as well as in early spring and the middle of the year. Tick infection in urban pets should not be neglected.
引文
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[2]于志军,刘敬泽.蜱传疾病及其媒介蜱类研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(5):1072-1081.DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095?1353.2015.128.
[3]Wu XB,Na RH,Wei SS,et al.Distribution of tick-borne diseases in China[J].Parasit Vectors,2013,6:119.DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-6-119.
[4]Yu ZJ,Wang H,Wang TH,et al.Tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in China[J].Parasit Vectors,2015,8:24.DOI:10.1186/s13071-014-0628-x.
[5]邓国藩,姜在阶.中国经济昆虫志.第39册(硬蜱科)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:185.
[6]孙毅,许荣满,葛学峰,等.安徽黄山地区中华硬蜱及其宿主感染莱姆病Borrelia afzelii的检测[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2009,16(3):141-146.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2009.03.003.
[7]姜晓林.“发热伴血小板减少综合征”病毒传播媒介及宿主调查研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.DOI:10.7666/d.y2181941.
[8]Park SW,Song BG,Shin EH,et al.Prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in South Korea[J].Ticks Tick Borne Dis,2014,5(6):975-977.DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.020.
[9]Wang SW,Li JD,Niu GY,et al.SFTS virus in ticks in an endemic area of China[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2015,92(4):684-689.DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0008.
[10]罗丽梅.新布尼亚病毒传播媒介、宿主和蜱传疾病的人群血清流行病学研究[D].济南:山东大学,2016.
[11]Guo CT,Lu QB,Ding SJ,et al.Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)in China:an integrated data analysis[J].Epidemiol Infect,2016,144(6):1345-1354.DOI:10.1017/S0950268815002678.