7种黑色全生物降解地膜性能测试及对旱地马铃薯的影响
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摘要
基于旱地马铃薯绿色覆盖栽培需求,引进7种黑色全生物降解地膜,研究其抑蒸效果、田间降解特性及覆盖栽培对马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,供试7种黑色全生物降解地膜抑蒸效果显著低于对照PE黑膜,140 d内抑蒸率较对照PE黑膜低41.73%,黑色全生物降解地膜DX1抑蒸效果最佳,达到61.32%。供试的7种黑色全生物降解地膜田间埋设180 d的降解率为4.77%～28.79%,平均为13.18%,黑色全生物降解地膜DX10降解率最高,达到28.79%;田间起垄覆盖174 d后,供试黑色全生物降解地膜膜面均出现了不同程度破裂,其中黑色全生物降解地膜DX2的破裂程度最严重,黑色全生物降解地膜DX4、DX7、DX10膜面完整性较好。供试的7种黑色全生物降解地膜覆盖平均较对照PE黑膜覆盖减产3.18%,WUE较对照PE黑膜覆盖降低了6.69%。综合考虑认为,黑色全生物降解地膜DX1、DX7综合表现优良,可在定西市旱地马铃薯全膜(黑膜)覆盖大垄双行栽培中进行生产试验推广。
Based on the requirement of green mulching cultivation technology of potato in dryland,seven kinds of black biodegradable plastic films were introduced to study their anti-evaporate effect,field degradation characteristics and the effect of Mulching Cultivation on potato yield. The results showed that the effect of anti-evaporate effect of biodegradable film was significantly lower than that of PE black film,within 140 days,the anti evaporation rate was 41.73% lower than that of PE black film,and DX1 had the best effect on inhibiting evaporation,reached 61.32%. After 180 days of field burial,the degradation rate was 4.77%～28.79%,with an average of 13.18%,and DX10 was the highest,reached 28.79%. And after 174 days of ridging and mulching in the field,the film surface appeared different degrees of rupture,DX2 rupture degree was the most serious,the film surface integrity of DX4,DX7,and DX10 was better. The yield of biodegradable film mulching decreased by3.18% and WUE by 6.69% on average compared with PE black film mulching. It is considered that the black biodegradable plastic film DX1 and DX7 have excellent comprehensive performance,which can be popularized in production experiment of potato whole film(black film) mulching in large ridge and double row cultivation in dryland of Dingxi City.
Based on the requirement of green mulching cultivation technology of potato in dryland,seven kinds of black biodegradable plastic films were introduced to study their anti-evaporate effect,field degradation characteristics and the effect of Mulching Cultivation on potato yield. The results showed that the effect of anti-evaporate effect of biodegradable film was significantly lower than that of PE black film,within 140 days,the anti evaporation rate was 41.73% lower than that of PE black film,and DX1 had the best effect on inhibiting evaporation,reached 61.32%. After 180 days of field burial,the degradation rate was 4.77%～28.79%,with an average of 13.18%,and DX10 was the highest,reached 28.79%. And after 174 days of ridging and mulching in the field,the film surface appeared different degrees of rupture,DX2 rupture degree was the most serious,the film surface integrity of DX4,DX7,and DX10 was better. The yield of biodegradable film mulching decreased by3.18% and WUE by 6.69% on average compared with PE black film mulching. It is considered that the black biodegradable plastic film DX1 and DX7 have excellent comprehensive performance,which can be popularized in production experiment of potato whole film(black film) mulching in large ridge and double row cultivation in dryland of Dingxi City.
引文
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[2]王红丽,张绪成,于显枫,等.黑色地膜覆盖的土壤水热效应及其对马铃薯产量的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):5215-5226.
[3]念淑红,李宗保.环县旱地脱毒马铃薯黑膜全覆盖垄上栽培技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(6):53-56.
[4]严昌荣,何文清,薛颖昊,等.生物降解地膜应用与地膜残留污染防控[J].生物工程学报,2016,32(6):748-760.
[5]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.
[6]严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.
[7]刘敏,黄占斌,杨玉姣.可生物降解地膜的研究进展与发展趋势[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):439-443.
[8]程万莉,王磊,王淑英,等.不同生物降解膜对土壤质量的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(5):27-31.
[9]严昌荣,刘勤.生物降解地膜技术存在问题与应用分析[J].种子科技,2016,34(9):66-67.
[10]申丽霞,兰印超,李若帆.不同降解膜覆盖对土壤水热与玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):200-206.
[11]LI R,HOU X Q,JIA Z K,et al.Effects on soil temperature,moisture,and maize yield of cultivation with ridge and furrow mulching in the rain fed area of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,116:101-109.
[12]王淑英,樊廷录,李尚中,等.生物降解膜降解保墒增温性能及对玉米生长发育进程的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):127-133.