不同温度下TBBPA对日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食和富集的影响
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摘要
为研究不同温度下四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对桡足类的影响,以日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为受试生物,探究了温度影响下TBBPA对日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食、滤水、产粪的影响以及在其体内的富集情况。结果显示,毒性暴露24h后,摄食率和滤水率随TBBPA浓度的升高均有不同程度的变化;随温度升高,摄食率和滤水率先升高后降低。产粪粒数在各浓度组间具有显著差异(p<0.05);随温度升高,产粪粒数逐渐升高,18℃与其余两温度组差异显著(P<0.05)。TBBPA持续暴露两世代后,生物富集量随着TBBPA浓度的升高显著增加(p<0.05),且F1代比F0代富集量大;随温度升高,生物富集量先降低后升高,在20℃最小。生物富集因子(BAF)随着TBBPA浓度的升高而降低,且具有世代效应;随温度升高,生物富集因子先降低后升高。其中,BAF的范围在13.26×10~3～24.58×10~3,表明日本虎斑猛水蚤对TBBPA具有较强的生物富集性(BAF>5 000)。
Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is a new brominated flame retardant which is currently the most widely used in the world.Because of its high lipophilicity and low water solubility characteristics,it is easy to accumulate in organism and cause toxicity effect.On the other hand,copepods are the most important component of zooplankton.They are sensitive to pollutants and are often used to detect marine pollution and to assess risk.In order to study the effects of temperature for TBBPA on the impact of copepods,we choose the subjects of creature is Tigriopus japonicus.Then we explored its influence of feeding and fecal and enrichment in the body.The results showed that after exposure to 24 h,firstly,the feeding rate and water filtration increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature,and there was a significant difference at 20 and 23℃(P<0.05).Among them,the maximum feeding rate was 44μg/L at 20℃,8 377.2 cells/(ind·h).Temperature is one of the main factors affecting copepod feeding.With the increase of temperature,the copepods metabolism increased,the feeding rate and filtration rate also increased,but when the temperature exceeds the optimum value after metabolism can be inhibited,feeding rate and filtration rate will drop.Secondly,the number of fecal grains in 24 hincreased with the increase of temperature.The difference between 18 ℃ and the other two temperature groups was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,there were also significant differences in each temperature group(p<0.05),23℃>20℃>18℃.Thirdly,in the two generation enrichment experiments,bioaccumulation increased with the increase of TBBPA concentration(p<0.05).It because copepods lived in water,and TBBPA in water bodies entered the body through ingestion and other means.In addition,the concentration increased by more than 10% in F1 than F0.With the increase of temperature,the amount of bioconcentration decreased first and then increased,which was minimum at 20 ℃,which was due to different absorption and digestion efficiency.On the other hand,bioconcentration factor(BAF)decreases with the increase of TBBPA concentration,and has a generational effect.With the increase of temperature,BAF decreased first and then increased.According to the result of the range of BAF in 13.26×10~3～24.58×10~3,Tigriopus japonicus has strong bioaccumulation(BAF>5 000)for TBBPA.
Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is a new brominated flame retardant which is currently the most widely used in the world.Because of its high lipophilicity and low water solubility characteristics,it is easy to accumulate in organism and cause toxicity effect.On the other hand,copepods are the most important component of zooplankton.They are sensitive to pollutants and are often used to detect marine pollution and to assess risk.In order to study the effects of temperature for TBBPA on the impact of copepods,we choose the subjects of creature is Tigriopus japonicus.Then we explored its influence of feeding and fecal and enrichment in the body.The results showed that after exposure to 24 h,firstly,the feeding rate and water filtration increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature,and there was a significant difference at 20 and 23℃(P<0.05).Among them,the maximum feeding rate was 44μg/L at 20℃,8 377.2 cells/(ind·h).Temperature is one of the main factors affecting copepod feeding.With the increase of temperature,the copepods metabolism increased,the feeding rate and filtration rate also increased,but when the temperature exceeds the optimum value after metabolism can be inhibited,feeding rate and filtration rate will drop.Secondly,the number of fecal grains in 24 hincreased with the increase of temperature.The difference between 18 ℃ and the other two temperature groups was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,there were also significant differences in each temperature group(p<0.05),23℃>20℃>18℃.Thirdly,in the two generation enrichment experiments,bioaccumulation increased with the increase of TBBPA concentration(p<0.05).It because copepods lived in water,and TBBPA in water bodies entered the body through ingestion and other means.In addition,the concentration increased by more than 10% in F1 than F0.With the increase of temperature,the amount of bioconcentration decreased first and then increased,which was minimum at 20 ℃,which was due to different absorption and digestion efficiency.On the other hand,bioconcentration factor(BAF)decreases with the increase of TBBPA concentration,and has a generational effect.With the increase of temperature,BAF decreased first and then increased.According to the result of the range of BAF in 13.26×10~3～24.58×10~3,Tigriopus japonicus has strong bioaccumulation(BAF>5 000)for TBBPA.
引文
[1]Yang S,Wang S,Liu H,et al.Tetrabromobisphenol A:tissue distribution in fish,and seasonal variation in water and sediment of Chaohu Lake,China[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2012,19:4090-4096.
[2]Shi Z X,Wu Y N,Li J G,et al.Dietary exposure assessment of Chinese adults and nursing infants to tetrabromobisphenol-A and hexabromocyclododecanes:Occurrence measurements in foods and human milk[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43:4314-4319.
[3]Alaee M,Arias P,Sjdin A,et al.An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants,their applications,their use patterns in different cuntries/regions and possible modes of release[J].Environment International,2003,29(6):683-689.
[4]Liu K,Li J,Yan S J,et al.A review of status of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in China[J].Chemosphere,2016,148(2016):8-20.
[5]Abdallah M A E,Harrad S,Covaci A.Hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-A in indoor air and dust in Birmingham,UK:Implications for human exposure[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42:6855-6861.
[6]李超伦,王克.植食性浮游桡足类摄食生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):593-596.Li C L,Wang K.Feeding ecology progress of the herbivorous copepod[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(4):593-596.
[7]Lee K W,Raisuddin S,Hwang D S,et al.Two-generation toxicity study on the copepod model species Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2008,72:1359-1365.
[8]Shi D L,Lv D M,Liu W X,et al.Accumulation and developmental toxicity of hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs)on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2017,167:155-162.
[9]Vivien W W,Baoa,Kenneth M Y,et al.Acute and chronic toxicities of Irgarol alone and in combination with copper to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2013,90:1140-1148.
[10]徐东晖,刘光兴.多环芳烃(萘)对火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)急性和慢性毒性效应的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(4):543-548.Xu D H,Liu G X.A study on the acute and chronic effects of NAPH on Schmackeria poplesia[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2010,5(4):543-548.
[11]Ida Beathe,Dag Altinb,Torunn Bergc,et al.Acute and sub-lethal response to mercury in arctic and borealcalanoid copepods[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2014,155:160-165.
[12]巩文静.四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对近海常见桡足类的毒性效应及其在中国北方海域的污染分布[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016:73-78.Gong W J.The Toxic Effects of Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBB-PA)to Estuarine Common Copepods and Its Environmental Distribution in the North China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2016:73-78.
[13]Kyun-Woo Lee,Sheikh Raisuddin,Dae-Sik Hwang,et al.Twogeneration toxicity study on the copepod model species Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2008,72:1359-1365.
[14]Patrick Y Sun,Helen B.Foley,Vivien W W Bao,et al.Variation in tolerance to common marine.pollutantsamong different populations in two species of the marine copepod Tigriopus[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(20):16143-16152.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4846-3.
[15]李光福,朱丽岩,王晓敏,等.温度和盐度对指状伪镖水蚤孵化及产粪的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(11):36-42.Li G F,Zhu L Y,Wang X M,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on the hatching and fecal production of Pseudodiaptomidae inopinus[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(11):36-42.
[16]Santhanam P,Perumal P.Effect of temperature,salinity and algal food concentration on population density,growth and survival of marine copepod Oithona rigida Giesbrecht[J].Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences,2012,41(4):369-376.
[17]Alexander K,Brazenor,Kate S.Hutson.Effect of temperature and salinity on egg hatching and description of the life cycle of Lernanthropus latis(Copepoda:Lernanthropidae)infecting barramundi,Lates calcarifer[J].Parasitology International,2013,62:437-447.
[18]韩萃.不同温度盐度条件下TBBPA对拟长腹剑水蚤的毒性效应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Han C.The effect of TBBPA on Copepod(Oithona similis)Under Different Salinity and Temperature[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[19]胡媛媛.典型内分泌干扰物的鱼类生物蓄积[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015Hu Y Y.Bioaccumulation of Typical Endocrine Disrupters in Fish[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2015.
[20]Kaisa Figueiredo,Kimmo,Merja Lyytikfiinen,et al.Assessing the infiuence of confounding biological factors whenestimating bioaccumulation of PCBs with passive samplers inaquatic ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601-602:340-345.
[21]Frost B W.Effects of size and concent ratio of food particles on the feeding behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1972,18:805-815.
[22]曹洋,李莉,杨苏文,等.高效液相色谱法分析湖泊环境介质中的四溴双酚A[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2010,4:9-10.Cao Y,Li L,Yang S W,et al.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis of lake environment medium tetrabromobisphenol A[J].Journal of Jilin Radio and TV University,2010,4:9-10.
[23]任海霞.高效液相色谱法测定四溴双酚-A[J].城镇供水(水质分析与监测),2012,2:42-44.Ren H X.HPLC determination of tetrabromo bisphenol-A[J].Urban Water Supply(Water Quality Analysis and Monitoring),2012,2:42-44.
[24]徐风风,朱丽岩,巩文静,等.四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对两种海洋桡足类动物的毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(3):23-30.Xu F F,Zhu L Y,Gong W J,et al.Toxic effects of BDE-47on two marine copepods[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2013,8(3):23-30.
[25]刘丽华.2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚紫外光解及DNA损伤毒性研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010.Liu L H.2,2′,4,4′-Four Bromine Biphenyl Ether Ultraviolet Solutions and DNA Damage Toxicity Research[D].Beijing:Central University for Nationalities,2010.
[26]薛泽.温度、盐度、pH和饵料对两种海洋桡足类摄食和代谢的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Xue Z.Effect of Temperature,Salinity,pH and Algalspecies on the Ingestion and Metabolism of Two Marine Copepods[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.
[27]高亚辉,林波.几种因素对太平洋纺键水圣摄食率的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(5):751-757.Gao Y H,Lin B.Several factors influence on the Pacific spinning st feeding rate of key water[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),1999,38(5):751-757.
[28]Li C L,Luo X X,Huang X H,et al.Effects of temperature,salinity,pH,and light on filtering and grazing rates of a Calanoid Copepod(Schmackeria dubia)[J].The Scientific World Journal,2008,8:1219-1227.
[29]WHO.Environmental Health Criteria 172:Tetrabromobisphenol A and Derivatives[D].Geneva,Switzerland:International Programme on Chemical Safety,1995.
[30]Guvenius D M,Aronssona,Ekman-Ordemer G,et al.Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers,polyehlorinated biphenyls,polyehlorobiphenylols and pentachlorophenol[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2003,11(9):1235-1241.
[31]Battuello M,Mussat Sartor R,Brizio P,et al.The influence of feeding strategies on trace element bioaccumulationin copepods(Calanoida)[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,74:311-320.
[32]江田田.夏、冬季渤、黄海浮游动物对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)生物富集的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Jiang T T.Study on Accumulation of Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in Zooplankton of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,in the Summer and Winter[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[33]Siriporn Borrirukwisitsak,Helen E,Caroline Gauchotte et al.Effects of salinity,pH and temperature on the octanol-water partition coefficient of bisphenol A[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Development,2012,3:460-464.
[34]李学鹏.重金属在双壳贝类体内的生物富集动力学及净化技术的初步研究[D].浙江:浙江工商大学,2008:54-55.Li X P.Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Bivalves Body Dynamics and the Preliminary Research on the Purification Technology[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang Industry and Commerce University,2008:54-55.
[2]Shi Z X,Wu Y N,Li J G,et al.Dietary exposure assessment of Chinese adults and nursing infants to tetrabromobisphenol-A and hexabromocyclododecanes:Occurrence measurements in foods and human milk[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43:4314-4319.
[3]Alaee M,Arias P,Sjdin A,et al.An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants,their applications,their use patterns in different cuntries/regions and possible modes of release[J].Environment International,2003,29(6):683-689.
[4]Liu K,Li J,Yan S J,et al.A review of status of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in China[J].Chemosphere,2016,148(2016):8-20.
[5]Abdallah M A E,Harrad S,Covaci A.Hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-A in indoor air and dust in Birmingham,UK:Implications for human exposure[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42:6855-6861.
[6]李超伦,王克.植食性浮游桡足类摄食生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):593-596.Li C L,Wang K.Feeding ecology progress of the herbivorous copepod[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(4):593-596.
[7]Lee K W,Raisuddin S,Hwang D S,et al.Two-generation toxicity study on the copepod model species Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2008,72:1359-1365.
[8]Shi D L,Lv D M,Liu W X,et al.Accumulation and developmental toxicity of hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs)on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2017,167:155-162.
[9]Vivien W W,Baoa,Kenneth M Y,et al.Acute and chronic toxicities of Irgarol alone and in combination with copper to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2013,90:1140-1148.
[10]徐东晖,刘光兴.多环芳烃(萘)对火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)急性和慢性毒性效应的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(4):543-548.Xu D H,Liu G X.A study on the acute and chronic effects of NAPH on Schmackeria poplesia[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2010,5(4):543-548.
[11]Ida Beathe,Dag Altinb,Torunn Bergc,et al.Acute and sub-lethal response to mercury in arctic and borealcalanoid copepods[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2014,155:160-165.
[12]巩文静.四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对近海常见桡足类的毒性效应及其在中国北方海域的污染分布[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016:73-78.Gong W J.The Toxic Effects of Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBB-PA)to Estuarine Common Copepods and Its Environmental Distribution in the North China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2016:73-78.
[13]Kyun-Woo Lee,Sheikh Raisuddin,Dae-Sik Hwang,et al.Twogeneration toxicity study on the copepod model species Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2008,72:1359-1365.
[14]Patrick Y Sun,Helen B.Foley,Vivien W W Bao,et al.Variation in tolerance to common marine.pollutantsamong different populations in two species of the marine copepod Tigriopus[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(20):16143-16152.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4846-3.
[15]李光福,朱丽岩,王晓敏,等.温度和盐度对指状伪镖水蚤孵化及产粪的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(11):36-42.Li G F,Zhu L Y,Wang X M,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on the hatching and fecal production of Pseudodiaptomidae inopinus[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(11):36-42.
[16]Santhanam P,Perumal P.Effect of temperature,salinity and algal food concentration on population density,growth and survival of marine copepod Oithona rigida Giesbrecht[J].Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences,2012,41(4):369-376.
[17]Alexander K,Brazenor,Kate S.Hutson.Effect of temperature and salinity on egg hatching and description of the life cycle of Lernanthropus latis(Copepoda:Lernanthropidae)infecting barramundi,Lates calcarifer[J].Parasitology International,2013,62:437-447.
[18]韩萃.不同温度盐度条件下TBBPA对拟长腹剑水蚤的毒性效应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Han C.The effect of TBBPA on Copepod(Oithona similis)Under Different Salinity and Temperature[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[19]胡媛媛.典型内分泌干扰物的鱼类生物蓄积[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015Hu Y Y.Bioaccumulation of Typical Endocrine Disrupters in Fish[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2015.
[20]Kaisa Figueiredo,Kimmo,Merja Lyytikfiinen,et al.Assessing the infiuence of confounding biological factors whenestimating bioaccumulation of PCBs with passive samplers inaquatic ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601-602:340-345.
[21]Frost B W.Effects of size and concent ratio of food particles on the feeding behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1972,18:805-815.
[22]曹洋,李莉,杨苏文,等.高效液相色谱法分析湖泊环境介质中的四溴双酚A[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2010,4:9-10.Cao Y,Li L,Yang S W,et al.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis of lake environment medium tetrabromobisphenol A[J].Journal of Jilin Radio and TV University,2010,4:9-10.
[23]任海霞.高效液相色谱法测定四溴双酚-A[J].城镇供水(水质分析与监测),2012,2:42-44.Ren H X.HPLC determination of tetrabromo bisphenol-A[J].Urban Water Supply(Water Quality Analysis and Monitoring),2012,2:42-44.
[24]徐风风,朱丽岩,巩文静,等.四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对两种海洋桡足类动物的毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(3):23-30.Xu F F,Zhu L Y,Gong W J,et al.Toxic effects of BDE-47on two marine copepods[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2013,8(3):23-30.
[25]刘丽华.2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚紫外光解及DNA损伤毒性研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010.Liu L H.2,2′,4,4′-Four Bromine Biphenyl Ether Ultraviolet Solutions and DNA Damage Toxicity Research[D].Beijing:Central University for Nationalities,2010.
[26]薛泽.温度、盐度、pH和饵料对两种海洋桡足类摄食和代谢的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Xue Z.Effect of Temperature,Salinity,pH and Algalspecies on the Ingestion and Metabolism of Two Marine Copepods[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.
[27]高亚辉,林波.几种因素对太平洋纺键水圣摄食率的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(5):751-757.Gao Y H,Lin B.Several factors influence on the Pacific spinning st feeding rate of key water[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),1999,38(5):751-757.
[28]Li C L,Luo X X,Huang X H,et al.Effects of temperature,salinity,pH,and light on filtering and grazing rates of a Calanoid Copepod(Schmackeria dubia)[J].The Scientific World Journal,2008,8:1219-1227.
[29]WHO.Environmental Health Criteria 172:Tetrabromobisphenol A and Derivatives[D].Geneva,Switzerland:International Programme on Chemical Safety,1995.
[30]Guvenius D M,Aronssona,Ekman-Ordemer G,et al.Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers,polyehlorinated biphenyls,polyehlorobiphenylols and pentachlorophenol[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2003,11(9):1235-1241.
[31]Battuello M,Mussat Sartor R,Brizio P,et al.The influence of feeding strategies on trace element bioaccumulationin copepods(Calanoida)[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,74:311-320.
[32]江田田.夏、冬季渤、黄海浮游动物对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)生物富集的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Jiang T T.Study on Accumulation of Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in Zooplankton of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,in the Summer and Winter[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[33]Siriporn Borrirukwisitsak,Helen E,Caroline Gauchotte et al.Effects of salinity,pH and temperature on the octanol-water partition coefficient of bisphenol A[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Development,2012,3:460-464.
[34]李学鹏.重金属在双壳贝类体内的生物富集动力学及净化技术的初步研究[D].浙江:浙江工商大学,2008:54-55.Li X P.Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Bivalves Body Dynamics and the Preliminary Research on the Purification Technology[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang Industry and Commerce University,2008:54-55.