氮磷钾肥丰缺对白菜产量及养分利用效率的影响
|
摘要
为指导白菜田间合理施肥,在大田条件下,设置5个施肥处理(推荐施肥处理NE,不施氮肥处理NE-N,不施磷肥处理NE-P,不施钾肥处理NE-K和有机肥替代30%氮肥处理OM),研究不同施肥处理对白菜产量及养分利用效率的影响。结果表明:NE-N、NE-P、NE-K处理白菜经济产量较NE处理分别下降26.79、14.47、5.97 t/hm~2,有机肥替代部分氮肥后,白菜产量较推荐施肥处理显著下降,与不施氮肥处理相比,经济产量显著提升,非经济产量反而下降;在5个处理中,不施氮肥处理(NE-N)的氮素利用效率最低,而不施磷肥处理(NE-P)的磷素利用效率最高。由此说明,施肥对白菜的增产效果显著,氮磷钾的增产效应依次为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,有机肥对当季白菜的增产效果相对较弱,在白菜生产中不仅应重视氮肥的施用,亦应加强磷钾肥的合理配施。
In order to provide scientific management methods for fertilizer application, under field production conditions, the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of Chinese cabbage were studied by using five different nutrient application treatments: NE(recommended fertilization treatment), NE-N(no nitrogen fertilizer treatment), NE-P(no phosphorus fertilizer treatment), NE-K(no potassium fertilizer treatment) and OM(organic replacing 30% of nitrogen fertilizer treatment). The results showed that the economic yield of Chinese cabbage of NE-N, NE-P, NE-K treatments decreased by 26.79, 14.47, 5.97 t/hm~2, respectively compared with NE treatment. The Chinese cabbage yield under OM treatment significantly decreased compared with NE treatment, and the economic production increased significantly compared with NE-N, while the non-economic production decreased. In the five treatments, the nitrogen use efficiency under NE-N treatment was the lowest, while the phosphorus use efficiency under NE-P treatment was the highest. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer application on the yield of Chinese cabbage was remarkable. The effect on yield increasing was nitrogen fertilizer > phosphorus fertilizer > potassium fertilizer. The effect of organic fertilizer on the yield of Chinese cabbage in the current season was relatively weak. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the production of Chinese cabbage should be paid attention to.
In order to provide scientific management methods for fertilizer application, under field production conditions, the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of Chinese cabbage were studied by using five different nutrient application treatments: NE(recommended fertilization treatment), NE-N(no nitrogen fertilizer treatment), NE-P(no phosphorus fertilizer treatment), NE-K(no potassium fertilizer treatment) and OM(organic replacing 30% of nitrogen fertilizer treatment). The results showed that the economic yield of Chinese cabbage of NE-N, NE-P, NE-K treatments decreased by 26.79, 14.47, 5.97 t/hm~2, respectively compared with NE treatment. The Chinese cabbage yield under OM treatment significantly decreased compared with NE treatment, and the economic production increased significantly compared with NE-N, while the non-economic production decreased. In the five treatments, the nitrogen use efficiency under NE-N treatment was the lowest, while the phosphorus use efficiency under NE-P treatment was the highest. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer application on the yield of Chinese cabbage was remarkable. The effect on yield increasing was nitrogen fertilizer > phosphorus fertilizer > potassium fertilizer. The effect of organic fertilizer on the yield of Chinese cabbage in the current season was relatively weak. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the production of Chinese cabbage should be paid attention to.
引文
[1] 黄运湘,曾艳,张杨珠,等.不同施肥处理对白菜干物质积累与养分吸收的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011(1):32-36.
[2] 姜帅港.山东省大白菜种植成本收益研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[3] 李俊良,陈新平,李晓林,等.大白菜氮肥施用的产量效应、品质效应和环境效应[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):261-266.
[4] 黄立华,刘颖,周米平.氮磷钾肥配施对大白菜产量和品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2005,33(10):51-56.
[5] 方畅宇,屠乃美,张清壮,等.不同施肥模式对稻田土壤速效养分含量及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(3):462-468.
[6] 游媛,陈燕霞,刘芳,等.平衡施肥对大白菜产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2009(1b):17-20.
[7] 杨玉娥.氮肥不同用量对大白菜产量及商品性的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(6):27-28.
[8] 许肖松.施肥及氮肥用量对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(2):45-51.
[9] 罗付香,林超文,刘海涛,等.不同施氮量对紫色土大白菜季产量和氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):685-692.
[10] 曾彩霞.氮肥的不同用量对大白菜产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2016 (4):43-44.
[11] 李娟,章明清,孔庆波,等.大白菜氮磷钾肥料效应及其推荐施肥量研究[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(3):336-339.
[12] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] 矫岩林,孙晓辉,刘翠玲,等.不同施氮量对冬小麦烟农0428产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(5):74-77.
[14] 张建青,李猛,王琴,等.不同施肥量对油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018 (11):41-44.
[15] 邢雪荣,韩兴国,陈灵芝.植物养分利用效率研究综述[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(5):785-790.
[16] Bridgham S D,Pastor J,McClaugherty C A,et al.Nutrient-use efficiency:a litter fall index,a model,and a test along a nutrient-availability gradient in North Carolina Peatlands[J].The American Naturalist,1995,145(1):1-21.
[17] 褚清河,强彦珍.也谈中国主要粮食作物生产中肥料利用率及其提高途径[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(9):3-8.
[18] 邓小强,范贵国.氮肥施用量对大白菜经济性状、产量和氮肥利用的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(1):117-119.
[19] 杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(7):690-692.
[20] 王火焰,周健民.肥料养分真实利用率计算与施肥策略[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):216-225.
[2] 姜帅港.山东省大白菜种植成本收益研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[3] 李俊良,陈新平,李晓林,等.大白菜氮肥施用的产量效应、品质效应和环境效应[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):261-266.
[4] 黄立华,刘颖,周米平.氮磷钾肥配施对大白菜产量和品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2005,33(10):51-56.
[5] 方畅宇,屠乃美,张清壮,等.不同施肥模式对稻田土壤速效养分含量及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(3):462-468.
[6] 游媛,陈燕霞,刘芳,等.平衡施肥对大白菜产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2009(1b):17-20.
[7] 杨玉娥.氮肥不同用量对大白菜产量及商品性的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(6):27-28.
[8] 许肖松.施肥及氮肥用量对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(2):45-51.
[9] 罗付香,林超文,刘海涛,等.不同施氮量对紫色土大白菜季产量和氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):685-692.
[10] 曾彩霞.氮肥的不同用量对大白菜产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2016 (4):43-44.
[11] 李娟,章明清,孔庆波,等.大白菜氮磷钾肥料效应及其推荐施肥量研究[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(3):336-339.
[12] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] 矫岩林,孙晓辉,刘翠玲,等.不同施氮量对冬小麦烟农0428产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(5):74-77.
[14] 张建青,李猛,王琴,等.不同施肥量对油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018 (11):41-44.
[15] 邢雪荣,韩兴国,陈灵芝.植物养分利用效率研究综述[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(5):785-790.
[16] Bridgham S D,Pastor J,McClaugherty C A,et al.Nutrient-use efficiency:a litter fall index,a model,and a test along a nutrient-availability gradient in North Carolina Peatlands[J].The American Naturalist,1995,145(1):1-21.
[17] 褚清河,强彦珍.也谈中国主要粮食作物生产中肥料利用率及其提高途径[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(9):3-8.
[18] 邓小强,范贵国.氮肥施用量对大白菜经济性状、产量和氮肥利用的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(1):117-119.
[19] 杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(7):690-692.
[20] 王火焰,周健民.肥料养分真实利用率计算与施肥策略[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):216-225.