涪陵页岩气田江东区块优快钻井技术研究与应用
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摘要
涪陵页岩气田江东区块地质构造复杂、地层倾角大,存在机械钻速低、定向钻井托压严重、水平井轨迹控制困难等问题,给该地区优快钻井作业带来了挑战。本文通过总结现场施工作业及技术攻关实践,分析总结了江东区块复杂地质条件下相适应的钻井新工艺、新工具,形成了一套适用于涪陵页岩气田江东区块的优快钻井技术。江东区块钻井周期从开发前期的235 d缩短至90.33 d,机械钻速、储层钻遇率不断提高的同时,定向钻井托压、钻头提前失效等工况逐渐减少。通过4年发展,涪陵页岩气田江东区块优快钻井集成技术逐渐成熟,基本满足了深层页岩气的开发需要。
The Jiangdong Block of the Fuling Shale Gas Field is featured of complex geological structures and large dip angles. Problems such as low mechanical drilling rate, severe drag force and difficult horizontal trajectory control are encountered, which brings drilling problems to the fast drilling operations in this area. By summarizing the field operations and technical problem solving practices, this paper presents a set of fast drilling techniques through analysis of drilling processes, new tools, bit selection and speed-increasing tools suitable for the complicated geological conditions of Jiangdong Block. Comparison of the fast drilling technology with the conventional drilling method at the Jiangdong Block of the Fuling Shale Gas Field shows that the drilling duratiom in Jiangdong Block has been shortened from 235 days to 90.33 days in the early stage of development. While the drilling rate and the reservoir intersection rate have been continuously improved, the working conditions such as drag forces, premature bit failures have been gradually reduced. Over three years of development, the fast drilling technology at Jiangdong Block of Fuling Gas Field has gradually matured, and the results have been applied significantly.
The Jiangdong Block of the Fuling Shale Gas Field is featured of complex geological structures and large dip angles. Problems such as low mechanical drilling rate, severe drag force and difficult horizontal trajectory control are encountered, which brings drilling problems to the fast drilling operations in this area. By summarizing the field operations and technical problem solving practices, this paper presents a set of fast drilling techniques through analysis of drilling processes, new tools, bit selection and speed-increasing tools suitable for the complicated geological conditions of Jiangdong Block. Comparison of the fast drilling technology with the conventional drilling method at the Jiangdong Block of the Fuling Shale Gas Field shows that the drilling duratiom in Jiangdong Block has been shortened from 235 days to 90.33 days in the early stage of development. While the drilling rate and the reservoir intersection rate have been continuously improved, the working conditions such as drag forces, premature bit failures have been gradually reduced. Over three years of development, the fast drilling technology at Jiangdong Block of Fuling Gas Field has gradually matured, and the results have been applied significantly.
引文
[1] 张金成,孙连忠,王甲昌,等.“井工厂”技术在我国非常规油气开发中的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(1):20-25. ZHANG Jincheng, SUN Lianzhong, WANG Jiachang, et al. Application of multi-well pad in unconventional oil and gas development in China[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(1):20-25.
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[6] 周贤海.涪陵焦石坝区块页岩气水平井钻井完井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(5):26-30. ZHOU Xianhai. Drilling & completion techniques used in shale gas horizontal wells in Jiaoshiba Block of Fuling Area[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013,41(5):26-30.
[7] 艾军,张金成,臧艳彬,等. 涪陵页岩气田钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(5):9-15. AI Jun, ZHANG Jincheng, ZANG Yanbin, et al. The key drilling technologies in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(5):9-15.
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[9] 陈勉,邓金根,吴志坚. 岩石力学在石油工程中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006. CHEN Mian, DENG Jingen, WU Zhijian. Application of rock mechanics in petroleum engineering[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.
[10] 曾义金.页岩气开发的地质与工程一体化技术[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(1):1-6. ZENG Yijin. Integration technology of geology & engineering for shale gas development[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(1):1-6.
[11] 陈平,刘阳,马天寿.页岩气“井工厂”钻井技术现状及展望[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(3):1-7. CHEN Ping, LIU Yang, MA Tianshou. Status and prospect of multi-well pad drilling technology in shale gas[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(3):1-7.
[12] 沙贞银,杜俊伯,向进,等.涪陵页岩气田钻井提速方案及实施效果分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(7):31-36. SHA Zhenyin, DU Junbo, XIANG Jin, et al. A scheme for drilling rate improving in Fuling Shale Gas and its implementation effects analysis[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(7):31-36.
[13] 刘匡晓,王庆军,兰凯.涪陵页岩气田三维水平井大井眼导向钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术, 2016,44(5):16-21. LIU Kuangxiao, WANG Qingjun, LAN Kai. Large diameter hole steering drilling technology for three-dimensional horizontal well in the Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016,44(5):16-21.
[14] 陶现林, 徐泓, 张莲,等.涪陵页岩气水平井钻井提速技术[J].天然气技术与经济, 2017, 11(2):31-35. TAO Xianlin, XU Hong, ZHANG lian, et al. Fuling Shale Gas horizontal well drilling speed-up technology[J]. Natural Gas Technology, 2017,11(2):31-35.
[15] 刘虎,段华,沈彬亮,等.焦石坝地区海相页岩气水平井优快钻井技术[J].西部探矿工程, 2016,28(6):59-61. LIU Hu, DUAN Hua, SHEN Binliang, et al. Fast drilling technology for marine shale gas horizontal wells in Jiaoshiba Area[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2016,28(6):59-61.
[16] 张金成.涪陵页岩气田水平井组优快钻井技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(7):1-8. ZHANG Jincheng. Optimal and fast drilling technology for horizontal wells in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(7):1-8.
[2] 李海宏.钻井风险评价方法与模型建立[J].石油钻探技术,2003, 31(6):66-68. LI Haihong. The building of evaluation method and mathematical mode of drilling risk[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2003, 31(6):66-68.
[3] 刘绘新.裂缝型气藏井控技术[D].四川成都:西南石油大学,2015. LIU Huixin. Fractured gas reservoir well control technology[D]. Chengdu Sichuan: Southwest Petroleum University, 2015.
[4] 中石化井控培训教材编写组.中国石油化工集团公司井控培训系列教材[M].山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2013. Sinopec well control training textbook writing group. China Petrochemical Corporation company well control training series of textbooks[M]. Dongying Shandong: China University of Petroleum Press, 2013.
[5] 牛新明.涪陵页岩气田开发钻井技术难点及对策[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(4):1-6. NIU Xinming. Drilling technology challenges and resolutions in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(4):1-6.
[6] 周贤海.涪陵焦石坝区块页岩气水平井钻井完井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(5):26-30. ZHOU Xianhai. Drilling & completion techniques used in shale gas horizontal wells in Jiaoshiba Block of Fuling Area[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013,41(5):26-30.
[7] 艾军,张金成,臧艳彬,等. 涪陵页岩气田钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(5):9-15. AI Jun, ZHANG Jincheng, ZANG Yanbin, et al. The key drilling technologies in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(5):9-15.
[8] 杨国圣,张玉清. 涪陵页岩气工程技术实践与认识[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2015. YANG Guosheng, ZHANG Yuqing. Practice and understanding of Fuling Shale Gas Engineering Technology[M]. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2015.
[9] 陈勉,邓金根,吴志坚. 岩石力学在石油工程中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006. CHEN Mian, DENG Jingen, WU Zhijian. Application of rock mechanics in petroleum engineering[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.
[10] 曾义金.页岩气开发的地质与工程一体化技术[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(1):1-6. ZENG Yijin. Integration technology of geology & engineering for shale gas development[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(1):1-6.
[11] 陈平,刘阳,马天寿.页岩气“井工厂”钻井技术现状及展望[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(3):1-7. CHEN Ping, LIU Yang, MA Tianshou. Status and prospect of multi-well pad drilling technology in shale gas[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014,42(3):1-7.
[12] 沙贞银,杜俊伯,向进,等.涪陵页岩气田钻井提速方案及实施效果分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(7):31-36. SHA Zhenyin, DU Junbo, XIANG Jin, et al. A scheme for drilling rate improving in Fuling Shale Gas and its implementation effects analysis[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(7):31-36.
[13] 刘匡晓,王庆军,兰凯.涪陵页岩气田三维水平井大井眼导向钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术, 2016,44(5):16-21. LIU Kuangxiao, WANG Qingjun, LAN Kai. Large diameter hole steering drilling technology for three-dimensional horizontal well in the Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016,44(5):16-21.
[14] 陶现林, 徐泓, 张莲,等.涪陵页岩气水平井钻井提速技术[J].天然气技术与经济, 2017, 11(2):31-35. TAO Xianlin, XU Hong, ZHANG lian, et al. Fuling Shale Gas horizontal well drilling speed-up technology[J]. Natural Gas Technology, 2017,11(2):31-35.
[15] 刘虎,段华,沈彬亮,等.焦石坝地区海相页岩气水平井优快钻井技术[J].西部探矿工程, 2016,28(6):59-61. LIU Hu, DUAN Hua, SHEN Binliang, et al. Fast drilling technology for marine shale gas horizontal wells in Jiaoshiba Area[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2016,28(6):59-61.
[16] 张金成.涪陵页岩气田水平井组优快钻井技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(7):1-8. ZHANG Jincheng. Optimal and fast drilling technology for horizontal wells in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(7):1-8.