月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物垂直分布初步研究
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摘要
该研究通过采集、鉴定和测量苔藓植物标本并用SPSS软件进行数据分析,对贵州省月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物的垂直分布规律进行了初步分析。结果表明:月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物共有69科147属374种,苔藓植物呈明显的带状分布;不同海拔苔藓植物科属种所占的百分比均呈先升高后降低,优势科灰藓科(Hypnaceae)和细鳞苔科(Lejeuneaceae)和优势属凤尾藓属(Fissidens)、耳叶苔属(Frullania)、真藓属(Bryum)、疣鳞苔属(CoLoLejeunea)和细鳞苔属(Lejeunea)内种数在不同海拔也呈相同趋势;该地区苔藓植物石生群落和土生群落分布最广,木生群落次之,水生群落分布最少;苔藓植物雌雄异株数量在不同海拔均比同株数量多,比例约为7∶3;随着海拔升高,多种不利环境使长柄绢藓(Entodon macropodus)的叶片显著变小、叶长与叶宽的比显著增大,叶片由卵圆形变为卵状披针形,孢蒴极显著缩短、孢子直径显著增大,孢子的产量逐渐减少,不利苔藓植物的繁殖,蒴柄显著增长,有利于孢子的传播,体现了苔藓植物在不同的海拔的适应性。该研究结果为进一步研究苔藓植物的分布及环境适应性提供了基本资料。
The vertical distribution law of bryophytes was studied and analyzed by collecting and identifying bryophytes specimens,measuring and analyzing data by SPSS in Yueliang Mountain Nature Reserve,Guizhou,China. The results showed that there were 69 families,147 genera and 374 species,with obvious vertical bands of bryophytes. The percentage of families,genera and species increased first then decreased along with the increasing of altitude and the dominant families Hypnaceae and Lejeuneaceae,as well as the dominant genera Fissidens,Frullania,Bryum,Cololejeunea and Lejeunea had similar trend. The rock-community and soil-community possessed the most widely distribution,followed by tree- community,while aquatic community had the narrowest distribution,as well as the number of dioecious plant was more than that of tmonoecious plant bryophytes,with the scale 7 ∶ 3. Many adverse environments made the leaves significantly small,the ratio between leaf length and width significantly increased and the morphology of Entodon macropodus( Hedw.) Müll. ranged from ovoid to egg lanceolate,as well as the capsula greatly significantly shortened,the diameter of spore,the number of spores gradually reduced and seta gradually became significantly long for the spread of spores,which showed the adaption of bryophytes. This paper provides the basic information for the further study of the distribution and environment adaption of bryophytes.
The vertical distribution law of bryophytes was studied and analyzed by collecting and identifying bryophytes specimens,measuring and analyzing data by SPSS in Yueliang Mountain Nature Reserve,Guizhou,China. The results showed that there were 69 families,147 genera and 374 species,with obvious vertical bands of bryophytes. The percentage of families,genera and species increased first then decreased along with the increasing of altitude and the dominant families Hypnaceae and Lejeuneaceae,as well as the dominant genera Fissidens,Frullania,Bryum,Cololejeunea and Lejeunea had similar trend. The rock-community and soil-community possessed the most widely distribution,followed by tree- community,while aquatic community had the narrowest distribution,as well as the number of dioecious plant was more than that of tmonoecious plant bryophytes,with the scale 7 ∶ 3. Many adverse environments made the leaves significantly small,the ratio between leaf length and width significantly increased and the morphology of Entodon macropodus( Hedw.) Müll. ranged from ovoid to egg lanceolate,as well as the capsula greatly significantly shortened,the diameter of spore,the number of spores gradually reduced and seta gradually became significantly long for the spread of spores,which showed the adaption of bryophytes. This paper provides the basic information for the further study of the distribution and environment adaption of bryophytes.
引文
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SUNDBERG S,RUDIN H,1998.Spore number in Sphagnum and its dependence on spore and capsule size[J].J Bryol,20:1-16.
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XU X,YANG F,YIN CY,et al,2007.Research advances in sexspecific responses of dioecious plants to environmental stresses[J].App Ecol,18(11):2 626-2 631.[胥晓,杨帆,尹春英,等,2007.植物对环境胁迫响应的性别差异研究进展[J].应用生态学报,18(11):2 626-2 631.]
WANG DH,WANG YF,ZUO Q,et al,2012.Bryophyte species diversity in seven typical forests of the West Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang,China[J].Plant Ecol,36(6):550-559.[汪岱华,王幼芳,左勤,2012.浙江西天目山主要森林类型的苔藓多样性比较[J].植物生态学报,36(6):550-559.]
ZHANG Z,2006.Studies on species diversity and distribution pattern of Bryophytesin Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University.[张政.2006.无锡市苔鲜植物物种多样性及其分布格局的研究[D].上海:上海师范大学.]
ZHENG GL,LIU SX,CHEN GY,et al,2002.Studies on the vertical distribution of mosses in Mt.Jiugongshan,Hubei,China[J].Wuhan Bot Res,20(6):429-432.[郑桂灵,刘胜祥,陈桂英,等,2002.湖北省九宫山藓类植物垂直分布的初步研究[J].武汉植物学研究,20(6):429-432.]
ZHU RL,HU RL,1993.Studies on the mosses inevergreen broadleaf forest of Baishanzu,Zhejiang[J].East of Chin Norm Univ:Nat Sci Ed,(3):95-105.[朱瑞良,胡人亮,1993.浙江百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物的研究[J].华东师范大学学报·自然科学版,(3):95-105.]
CHEN J,ZHU JY,CHEN GX,et al,2002.Primary study on population variance of morphological characteristics of leaf in Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis(Mitt.)Nog.[J].Life Sci Res,6(4):367-370.[陈军,朱杰英,陈功锡,2002.尖叶拟船叶藓居群叶形态变异的初步研究[J].生命科学研究,6(4):367-370.]
HE Q,2012.Spore output and cell surface structure of selected liverworts,and species diversity of Drepanolejeunea in China[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University.[贺琼,2012.苔类植物的孢子产量、细胞表面结构以及中国角鳞苔属的物种多样性[D].上海:华东师范大学.]
HE Q,ZHU RL,2010.Spore output in 24 Asian bryophytes[J].Acta bryolichenol Asiat,3:125-129.
GRADSTEIN SR,CHURCHILL SR,SALAZAR AN,2001.Guide to the bryophytes of tropical America[J].Mem NY Bot Gard,86:1-577.
HUANG SL,WANG ZJ,ZHAO JC,et al,2009.Studies on the vertical distribution of pleurocarpous mosses in Hebei[J].Hebei Norm Univ:Nat Sci Ed,33(5):666-671.[黄士良,王振杰,赵建成,等,2009.河北省侧蒴藓类植物垂直分布研究[J].河北师范大学学报·自然科学版,33(5):666-671.]
INSTITUTUM BOTANICUM KUNMINGENSE ACADEMIAE SINI-CAE,2000.Flora Yunnanica[M].Beijing:Science Press,17:1-648.[中国科学院昆明植物研究所,2000.云南植物志:17卷[M],北京:科学出版社,17:1-648.]
LI FX,2006.Species and ecosystem diversity of bryophyte in Foping Nature Reserve[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University.[李粉霞,2006.佛坪国家自然保护区苔藓植物的物种及生态系统多样性[D].上海:华东师范大学.]
LI GY,2004.Relationship between environment and morphology and genetic diversity of bryophytes[D].Chendu:Sichun University.[李高阳,2004.苔藓植物形态、遗传多样性及其与环境的关系的研究[D].成都:四川大学.]
LIU ZD,XIONG YX,Yang B,et al,2013.Study on liverworts in Duliu River Wetland Nature Reserve in Dushan County of Guizhou[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,41(6):35-41.[刘正东,熊源新.杨冰,等,2013.贵州省独山都柳江源湿地自然保护区苔类植物研究[J]贵州农业科学,41(6):35-41.]
SUNDBERG S,RUDIN H,1998.Spore number in Sphagnum and its dependence on spore and capsule size[J].J Bryol,20:1-16.
XIONG YX,2003.Bryophyte in Nangong Natural Reserve[M].Guiyang:Guizhou Science Press:40-54.[熊源新,2003.南宫自然保护区苔藓植物[G].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,40-54.]
XU X,YANG F,YIN CY,et al,2007.Research advances in sexspecific responses of dioecious plants to environmental stresses[J].App Ecol,18(11):2 626-2 631.[胥晓,杨帆,尹春英,等,2007.植物对环境胁迫响应的性别差异研究进展[J].应用生态学报,18(11):2 626-2 631.]
WANG DH,WANG YF,ZUO Q,et al,2012.Bryophyte species diversity in seven typical forests of the West Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang,China[J].Plant Ecol,36(6):550-559.[汪岱华,王幼芳,左勤,2012.浙江西天目山主要森林类型的苔藓多样性比较[J].植物生态学报,36(6):550-559.]
ZHANG Z,2006.Studies on species diversity and distribution pattern of Bryophytesin Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University.[张政.2006.无锡市苔鲜植物物种多样性及其分布格局的研究[D].上海:上海师范大学.]
ZHENG GL,LIU SX,CHEN GY,et al,2002.Studies on the vertical distribution of mosses in Mt.Jiugongshan,Hubei,China[J].Wuhan Bot Res,20(6):429-432.[郑桂灵,刘胜祥,陈桂英,等,2002.湖北省九宫山藓类植物垂直分布的初步研究[J].武汉植物学研究,20(6):429-432.]
ZHU RL,HU RL,1993.Studies on the mosses inevergreen broadleaf forest of Baishanzu,Zhejiang[J].East of Chin Norm Univ:Nat Sci Ed,(3):95-105.[朱瑞良,胡人亮,1993.浙江百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物的研究[J].华东师范大学学报·自然科学版,(3):95-105.]