基于叶绿素荧光和形态指标比较5种侧蒴藓类繁殖和生长能力
|
摘要
为筛选出合适的立体绿化载体和侧蒴藓类种类,本文将羽枝青藓(Brachythecium plumosum)、灰藓(Hypnum cupressiforme)、细叶小羽藓(Haplocladium microphyllum)、密叶绢藓(Entodon compressus)和中华细枝藓(Lindbergia sinensis)5种侧蒴藓类植物的配子体碎片撒播于表面有薄层蛭石-泥炭土的棕榈垫上.结果表明,在保湿的环境中,2个月后所有种均能形成绿色藓丛,并与立体绿化载体上的基质紧密结合.为比较它们的生长和繁殖能力,测定了这5种藓丛的叶绿素荧光参数(初始斜率、半饱和光强、最大相对电子传递速率),藓丛配子体的盖度、长度,单位面积配子体鲜质量和干质量及叶绿素含量等生长指标,并首次运用根系分析软件(WinRHIZO)定量地测定了单位面积内5种藓类的表面积、茎枝总长度、平均直径、总体积、枝尖数、枝分叉数等指标.统计分析结果显示,5种藓类植物的生长和繁殖能力综合指数排序依次为羽枝青藓、细叶小羽藓、灰藓、密叶绢藓和中华细枝藓,它们可以作为今后屋顶和墙体立体绿化材料使用.WinRHIZO根系分析软件可用于侧蒴藓类植物配子体生长指标的测定,此法简便易行,在侧蒴藓类植物的生理生态学研究中具有应用价值.
Pleurocarpous mosses have their own preponderance as vertical greening plants because of their special morphological, physiological and ecological traits. Practical vertical greening carriers and suitable pleurocarpous mosses should be developed before their application at a large scale.Palm pads with thin layer of peat and vermiculite were chosen as vertical greening carriers in the present work.Gametophytic fragments of five pleurocarpous mosses, which included Brachythecium plumosum, Hypnum cupressiforme,Haplocladium microphyllum, Entodon compressus and Lindbergia sinensis, were sown onto the pads in a humid greenhouse with 80% relative humidity. After a two-month cultivation in the greenhouse, chlorophyll fluorescent parameters( initial slope, half-saturation light intensity, maximal relative electronic transfer rate), and the gametophytic coverage, length,fresh mass, dry mass, chlorophyll content were measured. By using the WinRHIZO root system analyzer, the total area,length of stems and branches, diameter of stems and branches, volume, tip number and branch number of gametophytes were also measured. Based on the above indices, an evaluation model revealing the growth and reproduction capacity of five mosses was designed. Finally, their growth and reproduction capacities were compared based on the model.The results showed that all five pleurocarpous mosses were able to form green cushions from their gametophytic fragments in moisture environments after a two-month cultivation. The cushions closely integrated with the matrix on the pads. The palm pads with thin layer of peat and vermiculite are of potential and practical value as vertical greening carriers.Based on their integrated indices from high to low, five mosses were ranked as B. plumosum, H. microphyllum, H.cupressiforme, E. compressus and L. sinensis. These mosses could be applied as vertical greening plants. The present study also showed that, WinRHIZO analysis software can be used to determine the growth indexes of pleurocarpous moss gametophytes. The method is simple and of potential value in physiological and ecological studies of pleurocarpous mosses.
Pleurocarpous mosses have their own preponderance as vertical greening plants because of their special morphological, physiological and ecological traits. Practical vertical greening carriers and suitable pleurocarpous mosses should be developed before their application at a large scale.Palm pads with thin layer of peat and vermiculite were chosen as vertical greening carriers in the present work.Gametophytic fragments of five pleurocarpous mosses, which included Brachythecium plumosum, Hypnum cupressiforme,Haplocladium microphyllum, Entodon compressus and Lindbergia sinensis, were sown onto the pads in a humid greenhouse with 80% relative humidity. After a two-month cultivation in the greenhouse, chlorophyll fluorescent parameters( initial slope, half-saturation light intensity, maximal relative electronic transfer rate), and the gametophytic coverage, length,fresh mass, dry mass, chlorophyll content were measured. By using the WinRHIZO root system analyzer, the total area,length of stems and branches, diameter of stems and branches, volume, tip number and branch number of gametophytes were also measured. Based on the above indices, an evaluation model revealing the growth and reproduction capacity of five mosses was designed. Finally, their growth and reproduction capacities were compared based on the model.The results showed that all five pleurocarpous mosses were able to form green cushions from their gametophytic fragments in moisture environments after a two-month cultivation. The cushions closely integrated with the matrix on the pads. The palm pads with thin layer of peat and vermiculite are of potential and practical value as vertical greening carriers.Based on their integrated indices from high to low, five mosses were ranked as B. plumosum, H. microphyllum, H.cupressiforme, E. compressus and L. sinensis. These mosses could be applied as vertical greening plants. The present study also showed that, WinRHIZO analysis software can be used to determine the growth indexes of pleurocarpous moss gametophytes. The method is simple and of potential value in physiological and ecological studies of pleurocarpous mosses.
引文
[1]曹同,郭水良,娄玉霞,等.苔藓植物多样性及其保护.北京:中国林业出版社,2011:1-161.Cao T,Guo S L,Lou Y X,et al.Diversity of Bryophytes and their Conservation.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2011:1-161.(in Chinese)
[2]Tani A,Takai Y,Suzukawa I,et al.Practical application of methanol-mediated mutualistic symbiosis between Methylobacterium species and a roof greening moss,Racomitrium japonicum.PLoS ONE,2012,7(3):e33800.
[3]Kuester J.德国屋顶花园绿化.中国园林,2005,21(4):71-75.Kuester J.Roof garden in Germany.Classical Chinese Garden,2005,21(4):71-75.(in Chinese)
[4]衡静.郑州市屋顶绿化植物材料的筛选及适应性研究.郑州:河南农业大学,2010.Heng J.Study on the selection and adaptability of plant materials for roof greening in Zhengzhou.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]张宝鑫.城市立体绿化.北京:中国林业出版社,2003:15-40.Zhang B X.Three-Dimensional Greening in City.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2003:15-40.(in Chinese)
[6]Arsenault J L,Pouleur S,Messier C,et al.WinRHIZO,a rootmeasuring system with a unique overlap correction method.HortScience,1995,30:906.
[7]Bauhus J,Messier C.Evaluation of fine root length and diameter measurements obtained using RHIZO image analysis.Agronomy Journal,1999,91:142-147.
[8]方芳,郭水良,黄华,等.北美车前的种群密度对地上和地下器官形态的影响.热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(5):419-424.Fang F,Guo S L,Huang H,et al.Influences of population density of Plantago virginica on its morphological characters of underground and aboveground organs.Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2004,12(5):419-424.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]李倩,方芳,于晶,等.根系分析仪在侧蒴藓类植物生理生态研究上的应用潜力.上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,41(5):528-532.Li Q,Fang F,Yu J,et al.On application potential of root analyzer in ecological and physiological studies of pleurocarpous mosses.Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Natural Science,2012,41(5):528-532.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]高平磊,郭水良,娄玉霞.基于叶绿素荧光参数分析铜锤草(Oxalis corymbosa)和紫叶酢浆草(O.triangularis)对光照因子的适应特点.上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,40(5):528-532.Gao P L,Guo S L,Lou Y X.Adaptation characteristics of Oxalis corymbosa and O.triangularis to light factor based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Natural Science,2011,40(5):528-532.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]张志良.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,1990:78-82.Zhang Z L.Plant Physiology Experimental Guidance.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1990:78-82.(in Chinese)
[12]Shaw J.A new approach to the experimental propagation of bryophytes.Taxon,1986,35:671-675.
[13]武显维,丁朝华,康宁.湿地匐灯藓切茎繁殖研究.武汉植物研究,1996,14(1):82-88.Wu X W,Ding C H,Kang N.Cutting branch propagation of Plagiomnium acutum.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1996,14(1):82-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]周金川,熊源新,王莉桑,等.几种植物生长调节剂对3种苔藓植物生长的影响.贵州农业科学,2009,37(11):54-56.Zhou J C,Xiong Y X,Wang L S,et al.Effect of four plant growth regulators on growth of three mosses.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(11):54-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Chopra R N,Kumra P K.Biology of Bryophytes.New York:John Wiley&Sons,1988:245-260.
[16]Schofield W B.Introduction to Bryology.New York:Macmillan Publishing Co,1985:295-297.
[17]Skre O,Oechel W C.Moss production in a black spruce Picea mariana forest with permafrost near Fairbanks Alaska as compared with two permafrost:Free stands.Ecography,1979,2(4):249-254.
[18]杜宝明,张楠,季梦成.苔藓植物的繁殖栽培研究进展.江苏林业科技,2011,38(2):44-48.Du B M,Zhang N,Ji M C.A review on the research of propagation and cultivation of bryophytes.Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology.2011,38(2):44-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]三野道路株式会社.苔藓培育片和使用该苔藓培育片的结构物绿化方法:中国,200310105467.2004-08-25.Mino Road Construction Co.Ltd.Lichen cultivation sheet and its structure greening method:China,200310105467.2004-08-25.(in Chinese)
[2]Tani A,Takai Y,Suzukawa I,et al.Practical application of methanol-mediated mutualistic symbiosis between Methylobacterium species and a roof greening moss,Racomitrium japonicum.PLoS ONE,2012,7(3):e33800.
[3]Kuester J.德国屋顶花园绿化.中国园林,2005,21(4):71-75.Kuester J.Roof garden in Germany.Classical Chinese Garden,2005,21(4):71-75.(in Chinese)
[4]衡静.郑州市屋顶绿化植物材料的筛选及适应性研究.郑州:河南农业大学,2010.Heng J.Study on the selection and adaptability of plant materials for roof greening in Zhengzhou.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]张宝鑫.城市立体绿化.北京:中国林业出版社,2003:15-40.Zhang B X.Three-Dimensional Greening in City.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2003:15-40.(in Chinese)
[6]Arsenault J L,Pouleur S,Messier C,et al.WinRHIZO,a rootmeasuring system with a unique overlap correction method.HortScience,1995,30:906.
[7]Bauhus J,Messier C.Evaluation of fine root length and diameter measurements obtained using RHIZO image analysis.Agronomy Journal,1999,91:142-147.
[8]方芳,郭水良,黄华,等.北美车前的种群密度对地上和地下器官形态的影响.热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(5):419-424.Fang F,Guo S L,Huang H,et al.Influences of population density of Plantago virginica on its morphological characters of underground and aboveground organs.Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2004,12(5):419-424.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]李倩,方芳,于晶,等.根系分析仪在侧蒴藓类植物生理生态研究上的应用潜力.上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,41(5):528-532.Li Q,Fang F,Yu J,et al.On application potential of root analyzer in ecological and physiological studies of pleurocarpous mosses.Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Natural Science,2012,41(5):528-532.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]高平磊,郭水良,娄玉霞.基于叶绿素荧光参数分析铜锤草(Oxalis corymbosa)和紫叶酢浆草(O.triangularis)对光照因子的适应特点.上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,40(5):528-532.Gao P L,Guo S L,Lou Y X.Adaptation characteristics of Oxalis corymbosa and O.triangularis to light factor based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Natural Science,2011,40(5):528-532.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]张志良.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,1990:78-82.Zhang Z L.Plant Physiology Experimental Guidance.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1990:78-82.(in Chinese)
[12]Shaw J.A new approach to the experimental propagation of bryophytes.Taxon,1986,35:671-675.
[13]武显维,丁朝华,康宁.湿地匐灯藓切茎繁殖研究.武汉植物研究,1996,14(1):82-88.Wu X W,Ding C H,Kang N.Cutting branch propagation of Plagiomnium acutum.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1996,14(1):82-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]周金川,熊源新,王莉桑,等.几种植物生长调节剂对3种苔藓植物生长的影响.贵州农业科学,2009,37(11):54-56.Zhou J C,Xiong Y X,Wang L S,et al.Effect of four plant growth regulators on growth of three mosses.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(11):54-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Chopra R N,Kumra P K.Biology of Bryophytes.New York:John Wiley&Sons,1988:245-260.
[16]Schofield W B.Introduction to Bryology.New York:Macmillan Publishing Co,1985:295-297.
[17]Skre O,Oechel W C.Moss production in a black spruce Picea mariana forest with permafrost near Fairbanks Alaska as compared with two permafrost:Free stands.Ecography,1979,2(4):249-254.
[18]杜宝明,张楠,季梦成.苔藓植物的繁殖栽培研究进展.江苏林业科技,2011,38(2):44-48.Du B M,Zhang N,Ji M C.A review on the research of propagation and cultivation of bryophytes.Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology.2011,38(2):44-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]三野道路株式会社.苔藓培育片和使用该苔藓培育片的结构物绿化方法:中国,200310105467.2004-08-25.Mino Road Construction Co.Ltd.Lichen cultivation sheet and its structure greening method:China,200310105467.2004-08-25.(in Chinese)