分层介质目标电磁散射计算的快速射线追踪方法
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摘要
针对利用射线追踪方法计算分层介质目标散射时由于海量射线导致的资源和效率瓶颈问题,提出了改进的蒙特卡洛法和自适应射线细分法,实现对超电大分层介质目标高频电磁散射的快速计算.改进的蒙特卡洛法基于射线在介质分界面上反射和折射的能量分布,将射线分裂等效为按照特定概率发生反射或折射,射线追踪过程中射线数保持不变,而自适应射线细分法通过选择稀疏的初始射线,并根据目标结构和材质的变化自动细分加密,在保证计算精度的同时最大程度降低射线数.仿真试验与参考结果对比验证了本文方法的精确和高效,并分析了两种方法的优缺点,给出了适用范围以及在实际工程应用中的建议.
Both the improved Monte Carlo method and the adaptive ray sub-division method are proposed to solve the bottle-neck problem of computation resource and efficiency resulting from the great number of rays for the ray-tracing method to calculate the electromagnetic(EM)scattering of multi-layered dielectric structure.The improved Monte Carlo method regards ray splitting as reflection or refraction separately based on special probability calculated by the energy distribution of the reflected and refracted rays,and the ray number keeps the same.The adaptive ray subdivision method reduces the number of rays farthest by choosing sparse initial rays,and ensures the calculation accuracy by adaptively adding rays based on the variety of structure and material.Simulation experiments and reference results show that the proposed two methods are accurate and efficient.Finally,the paper analyses the merits and demerits,and points out the scope of application and suggestions in practical aspect.
Both the improved Monte Carlo method and the adaptive ray sub-division method are proposed to solve the bottle-neck problem of computation resource and efficiency resulting from the great number of rays for the ray-tracing method to calculate the electromagnetic(EM)scattering of multi-layered dielectric structure.The improved Monte Carlo method regards ray splitting as reflection or refraction separately based on special probability calculated by the energy distribution of the reflected and refracted rays,and the ray number keeps the same.The adaptive ray subdivision method reduces the number of rays farthest by choosing sparse initial rays,and ensures the calculation accuracy by adaptively adding rays based on the variety of structure and material.Simulation experiments and reference results show that the proposed two methods are accurate and efficient.Finally,the paper analyses the merits and demerits,and points out the scope of application and suggestions in practical aspect.
引文
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[21]YANG P,LIOU K N.Effective refractive index for determining ray propagation in an absorbing dielectric particle[J].J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer,2009,110:300-306.
[22]杨儒贵.高等电磁理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:41-50.
[23]黄培康.雷达目标特性[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[24]DOGARU T,NGUYEN L,LE C.Computer Models of the Human Body Signature for Sensing Through the Wall Radar Applications[R].Adelphi:MD,Tech Rep ARL-TR-4290,2007.
[2]CHANG P C,BURKHOLDER R J,VOLAKIS J L,et al.High-frequency EM characterization of throughwall building imaging[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,2009,47(5):1375-1387.
[3]任晶晶,柴守刚,陈卫东.基于混合计算方法的脉冲超宽带穿墙散射建模[J].电波科学学报,2012,27(5):859-866.REN Jingjing,CHAI Shougang,CHEN Weidong.Hybrid technique combining time domain ray-tracing and FDTD method for IR-UWB signal through-thewall scattering modeling[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2012,27(5):859-866.(in Chinese)
[4]WANG Juan,GUO Gaofeng,ZHENG Hu,et al.Characteristic analysis of nose radome by aperture-integration and surface-integration method[C]//IEEE MMWCST.April 19-20,Chengdu,2012.
[5]SIPUS Z,LANNE M,JOSEFSSON L.Moment method analysis of circular cylindrical array of waveguide elements covered with a multilayer[J].IEE Proc-Microw Antennas Propag,2006,153(1):29-37.
[6]FREZZA F,PAJEWSKI L,PONTI C,et al.Scattering by perfectly conducting circular cylinders buried in a dielectric slab through the cylindrical wave approach[J].IEEE Trans Antennas Propag,2009,57(4):1208-1217.
[7]GONZALEZ-HUICI M A,USCHKERAT U,HOERDT A.Numerical simulation of electromagneticwave propagation for land mine detection using GPR[C]//IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Symposium,2007:4957-4960.
[8]BUSSEY H E,RICHMOND J H.Scattering by a lossy dielectric circular cylindrical multilayer numerical value[J].IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation,1976,23(5):723-725.
[9]CHOW W C.Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media[M].New York:Nostrand Reinhold,1990.
[10]MICHALSKI K A,ZHENG D.Electromagnetic scattering and radiation by surfaces of arbitrary shape in layered media,part I:theory[J].IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation,1990(3):335-344.
[11]MICHALSKI K A,MOSIG J R.Multilayered media Green’s functions in integral equation formulations[J].IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat,1997,45(3):508-519.
[12]DEMAREST K,PLUMB R,HUANG Z.FDTD modeling of scatterers in stratified media[J].IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat,43(10),1995:1164-1168.
[13]丁大志,刘金权,胡云琴,等.基于多层快速多极子算法分析平面多层结构[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(3):422-426.DING Dazhi,LIU Jinquan,HU Yunqin,et al.Multilayered plane structure using multilevel fast multipole algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2009,24(3):422-426.(in Chinese)
[14]王文博,徐金平,夏冰.复杂多层介质电磁分析的几何建模及剖分技术[J].电波科学学报,2008,23(5):950-954.WANG Wenbo,XU Jinping,XIA Bing.A method for modeling and meshing of multi-layered dielectric structure for analysis of EM problem[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2008,23(5):950-954.(in Chinese)
[15]WANG Gu,YUAN Lei,WANG Taosheng,et al.RCS calculation of complex targets shielded with plasma based on visual GRECO method[C]//IEEE Microwave Antenna Propaga,EMC Tech Wireless Communications,2009:950-953.
[16]LING H,CHOU R C,LEE S W.Shooting and bouncing rays:calculating the RCS of an arbitrarily shaped cavity[J].IEEE Trans Antenna Propagat,1989,37(2):194-205.
[17]DIDASCALOU D,SCHAFER T M,WEINMANN F,et al.Ray-density normalization for ray-optical wave propagation modeling in arbitrarily shaped tunnels[J].IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat,2000,48(9):1316-1325.
[18]WEINMANN F.PO/PTD ray tracing for arbitrary metallic and dielectric objects[C]//European Conference on Antennas&Propagation,2006:6-10.
[19]殷红成,朱国庆,董纯柱,等.基于自适应射线管分裂的多次反射计算方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2013,35(4):700-706.YIN Hongcheng,ZHU Guoqing,DONG Chunzhu,et al.Efficient multi-reflection computational method based on adaptive ray tube splitting[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2013,35(4):700-706.(in Chinese)
[20]董纯柱,殷红成,王超.基于射线管分裂方法的SAR场景快速消隐技术[J].雷达学报,2012,1(4):436-440.DONG Chunzhu,YIN Hongcheng,WANG Chao.A fast hidden surface removal approach for complex SAR scene based on adaptive ray-tube splitting method[J].Journal of Radars,2012,1(4):436-440.(in Chinese)
[21]YANG P,LIOU K N.Effective refractive index for determining ray propagation in an absorbing dielectric particle[J].J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer,2009,110:300-306.
[22]杨儒贵.高等电磁理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:41-50.
[23]黄培康.雷达目标特性[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[24]DOGARU T,NGUYEN L,LE C.Computer Models of the Human Body Signature for Sensing Through the Wall Radar Applications[R].Adelphi:MD,Tech Rep ARL-TR-4290,2007.