复播饲草高粱和玉米产量及营养成分比较
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摘要
【目的】研究复播饲草高粱和玉米主要营养成分含量及分布规律,为提高饲料质量及新疆南疆饲料资源的开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】利用玉米品种新玉29号和饲草高粱晋牧1号在同等栽培管理条件下,分析麦后复播生产力、营养成分及分布规律。【结果】晋牧1号可以刈割两次,新玉29号收割一次。晋牧1号的合计鲜草产量高于新玉29号,合计产量分别达167 732. 73、76 276. 27 kg/hm~2,比新玉29号增产119. 90%。新玉29号和晋牧1号叶片和茎部的粗蛋白质、可溶性总糖含量的分布规律一致,茎部﹥叶片。新玉29号和晋牧1号叶片和茎部的粗灰分、水分含量的分布规律一致,叶片﹥茎部并差异达极显著(P﹤0. 01)。不同刈割期对饲草高粱的营养含量也有一定的影响。第一割茬的粗纤维含量高于第二茬、第一茬的可溶性总糖含量低于第二茬。晋牧1号的含水率高达在77. 52%,总糖含量高达13. 61%,极显著高于新玉29号。【结论】晋牧1号和新玉29号的茎部和叶片等不同部位的营养成分及分布规律有差异。晋牧1号比新玉29号对比具有产草量、粗蛋白、粗灰分、水分含量高等优质饲料的特点。
【Objective】The main nutrient contents and distribution rules of forage sorghum and maize were studied in order to provide scientific basis for improving feed quality and developing and utilizing feed resources in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】Under the same cultivation and management conditions,maize variety Xinyu 29 and forage sorghum Jinmu 1 were used to compared and analyze the productivity and nutrient composition of the two multiple cropping species after wheat. 【Result】Jinmu No. 1 could be cut twice a year,while Xinyu No. 29 was only harvested once. The fresh yield of Jinmu No. 1 was higher than of that of Xinyu No.29. Their total yields were 167,732. 73 kg/hm~2 and 76,276. 27 kg/hm~2,respectively; the yield of the former was 119. 90% higher than that of the latter. The nutritional components and distribution of stems and leaves of Jinmu No. 1 and Xinyu No. 29 were different,but both of their crude protein and total soluble sugar had the same distribution rule,stems > leaves. The crude ash and water content of different parts of Jinmu No. 1 and Xinyu No. 29 had the same distribution rule,leaves > stems,displaying obvious difference( P ﹤ 0. 01). The different cutting periods also had certain effects on the nutritional content of forage sorghum. The crude fiber content of the first cutting was higher than that of the second cutting,and the soluble sugar content of the first cutting was lower than that of the second cutting. The water content of Jinmu No. 1 was 77. 52%,the total sugar content was 13. 61%,which were significantly higher those of Xinyu No. 29.【Conclusion】Compared with Xinyu No. 29,Jinmu No. 1 has the characteristics of higher yield,higher crude protein,higher crude ash and higher water content,which means that it has better quality for silage. This research provides a scientific basis for the promotion and application of forage sorghum.
【Objective】The main nutrient contents and distribution rules of forage sorghum and maize were studied in order to provide scientific basis for improving feed quality and developing and utilizing feed resources in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】Under the same cultivation and management conditions,maize variety Xinyu 29 and forage sorghum Jinmu 1 were used to compared and analyze the productivity and nutrient composition of the two multiple cropping species after wheat. 【Result】Jinmu No. 1 could be cut twice a year,while Xinyu No. 29 was only harvested once. The fresh yield of Jinmu No. 1 was higher than of that of Xinyu No.29. Their total yields were 167,732. 73 kg/hm~2 and 76,276. 27 kg/hm~2,respectively; the yield of the former was 119. 90% higher than that of the latter. The nutritional components and distribution of stems and leaves of Jinmu No. 1 and Xinyu No. 29 were different,but both of their crude protein and total soluble sugar had the same distribution rule,stems > leaves. The crude ash and water content of different parts of Jinmu No. 1 and Xinyu No. 29 had the same distribution rule,leaves > stems,displaying obvious difference( P ﹤ 0. 01). The different cutting periods also had certain effects on the nutritional content of forage sorghum. The crude fiber content of the first cutting was higher than that of the second cutting,and the soluble sugar content of the first cutting was lower than that of the second cutting. The water content of Jinmu No. 1 was 77. 52%,the total sugar content was 13. 61%,which were significantly higher those of Xinyu No. 29.【Conclusion】Compared with Xinyu No. 29,Jinmu No. 1 has the characteristics of higher yield,higher crude protein,higher crude ash and higher water content,which means that it has better quality for silage. This research provides a scientific basis for the promotion and application of forage sorghum.
引文
[1]肖丹,张苏江,王明,等.不同甜高粱品种与玉米主要农艺性状比较[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(5):79-83.XIAO Dan,ZHANG Su-jiang,WANG Ming,et al.(2017).Comparison of the main agronomic characters of different sweet sorghum varieties and Maize[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,45(5):79-83.(in Chinese)
[2]ZHANG WT,Hong-qi WU,Hai-bin GU,et al.(2014).Variability of soil salinity at multiple spatio-temporal scales and the related driving factors in the oasis areas of xinjiang,china.Pedosphere,24(6):753-762.
[3]艾买尔江·吾斯曼,王冀川,吐热衣夏木·依米提,等.几个甜高粱品种麦后复播种植比较试验[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,(3):18-19.Aimaierjiang Wusiman,WANG Ji-chuan,Tureyixiamu Yimiti,et al.(2015). Comparison test of several sweet sorghum varieties after wheat re seeding[J]. Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science&Technology,(3):18-19.(in Chinese)
[4]王显国.饲用甜高粱[J].中国乳业,2002,(10):26-27.WANG Xian-guo.(2002). Forage Sweet Sorghum[J]. China Dairy,(10):26-27.(in Chinese)
[5]刘丽华,曾宪国,李红宇,等.青刈对饲用甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(1):5-7.LIU Li-hua,ZENG Xian-guo,LI Hong-yu,et al.(2011).Effect of forage yield and quality of Forage Sorghum[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,23(1):5-7.(in Chinese)
[6]钱章强,金德纯."皖草2号"高粱-苏丹草杂交种及其高产栽培技术[J].科学养鱼,2000,(5):41.QIAN Zhang-qiang,JIN De-chun.(2000)."Wancao 2"sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid and its high yield Cultivation Techniques[J]. Scientific Fish Farming,(5):41.(in Chinese)
[7]王艳秋,邹剑秋,黄瑞冬,等.饲草高粱杂交种产量稳定性分析[J].华北农学报,2008,23(10):156-161.WANG Yan-qiu,ZOU Jian-qiu,HUANG Rui-dong,et al.(2008). Analysis on Yield Stability of Forage Sorghum Hybrid[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,23(10):156-161.(in Chinese)
[8]Dien,B. S.,Sarath,G.,Pedersen,J. F.,Sattler,S. E.,Chen,H.,&Funnell-Harris,D. L.,et al.(2009). Improved sugar conversion and ethanol yield for forage sorghum(sorghum bicolorl. moench)lines with reduced lignin contents.Bioenergy Research,2(3):153-164.
[9]Qu,H.,Liu,X. B.,Dong,C. F.,Lu,X. Y.,&Shen,Y.X.(2014). Field performance and nutritive value of sweet sorghum in eastern china. Field Crops Research,157:84-88.
[10]平俊爱,张福耀,杜志宏,等.'晋牧1号'高丹草的选育及其特征特性研究[J].草地学报,2015,23(6):1 233-1 238.PING Jun-ai,ZHANG Fu-yao,DU Zhi-hong,et al.(2015). Breeding and characteristic of sorghum biocolor XS. sudanense'jinmu 1'[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,23(6):1,233-1,238.(in Chinese)
[11]王兆木,涂振东,贾东海.新疆甜高粱开发利用研究[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(1):50-54.WANG Zhao-mu,TU Zhen-dong,JIA Dong-hai.(2007).The Development and Utilization of Sugar Sorghum in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,44(1):50-54.(in Chinese)
[12]冯国郡,叶凯,涂振东,等.甜高粱主要农艺性状相关性和主成分分析[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(8):1 552-1556.FENG Guo-jun,YE Kai,TU Zhen-dong,et al.(2010). Analysis on Correlation and Principal Component of Major Agronomic Trait of Sweet Sorghum[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(8):1,552-1,556.(in Chinese)
[13]宁正祥.食品成分分析手册[K].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:54-89.NING Zheng-xiang.(2001). Food ingredient analysis manual[K]. Beijing:China Light Industry Press:54-89.(in Chinese)
[14]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG Li-ying.(2003). Feed analysis and feed quality testing technology(2nd Ed.)[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural University Press.(in Chinese)
[15]张旭东,张勇,周皓,等.喀什地区饲草高粱栽培技术[J].农村科技,2014,(5):70-71.ZHANG Xu-dong, ZHANG Yong, ZHOU Hao, et al.(2014). Cultivation techniques of Forage Sorghum in Kashi[J].Rural Science&Technology,(5):70-71.(in Chinese)
[16]哈斯亚提·托逊江,哈丽代·热合木江,阿不力克木·买买提,等.不同玉米及饲用甜高粱复播试验[J].草食家畜,2013,(5):48-50.Hasiyati Tuoxunjiang,Halidai Rehemujiang,Abulikemu Maimaiti,et al.(2013). Multiple Cropping Test of Different Maize Varieties and Feeding Sweet Sorghum[J]. Grass-Feeding Livestock,(5):48-50.(in Chinese)
[17]魏玉强.阿克苏地区甜高粱品种比较试验总结[J].新疆农业科技,2010,(2):20-21.WEI Yu-qiang.(2010). A comparative test of sweet sorghum varieties in Akesu Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):20-21.
[18]艾买尔江·吾斯曼,吐热依夏木·依米体,吴全忠.甜高粱在新疆生态条件下的适应性研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2011,34(1):16-18.Aimaierjiang. Wusiman,Tureyixiamu Yimiti, WU Chuanzhong.(2011). Study on the adaptability of sweet sorghum under the ecological conditions of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science&Technology,34(1):16-18.(in Chinese)
[19]冯国郡,叶凯,涂振东.时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响及分析[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(2):285-290.FENG Guo-jun,YE Kai,TU Zhen-dong.(2010). Effects of Different Spatial Variances on Agronomic Character of Sweet Sorghum and Its Analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(2):285-290.(in Chinese)
[20]郭彦军,尹亚丽,张健,等.施肥对甜高粱产量及茎叶养分质量分数的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(10):21-26.GUO Yan-jun,YI Ya-li,ZHANG Jian,et al.(2011).Effects of fertilization on yield and nutrient concentration in the stem and the leaves of Sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),33(10):21-26.(in Chinese)
[21]郑庆福,杨恒山,赵兰坡.刈割次数对杂交甜高粱草产量及品质的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(2):76-79.ZHENG Qing-fu,YANG Heng-shan,ZHAO Lan-po.(2009). Effects of clipping frequency on yield and quality of hybrid sweet sorghum[J]. Pratacultural Science,26(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[2]ZHANG WT,Hong-qi WU,Hai-bin GU,et al.(2014).Variability of soil salinity at multiple spatio-temporal scales and the related driving factors in the oasis areas of xinjiang,china.Pedosphere,24(6):753-762.
[3]艾买尔江·吾斯曼,王冀川,吐热衣夏木·依米提,等.几个甜高粱品种麦后复播种植比较试验[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,(3):18-19.Aimaierjiang Wusiman,WANG Ji-chuan,Tureyixiamu Yimiti,et al.(2015). Comparison test of several sweet sorghum varieties after wheat re seeding[J]. Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science&Technology,(3):18-19.(in Chinese)
[4]王显国.饲用甜高粱[J].中国乳业,2002,(10):26-27.WANG Xian-guo.(2002). Forage Sweet Sorghum[J]. China Dairy,(10):26-27.(in Chinese)
[5]刘丽华,曾宪国,李红宇,等.青刈对饲用甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(1):5-7.LIU Li-hua,ZENG Xian-guo,LI Hong-yu,et al.(2011).Effect of forage yield and quality of Forage Sorghum[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,23(1):5-7.(in Chinese)
[6]钱章强,金德纯."皖草2号"高粱-苏丹草杂交种及其高产栽培技术[J].科学养鱼,2000,(5):41.QIAN Zhang-qiang,JIN De-chun.(2000)."Wancao 2"sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid and its high yield Cultivation Techniques[J]. Scientific Fish Farming,(5):41.(in Chinese)
[7]王艳秋,邹剑秋,黄瑞冬,等.饲草高粱杂交种产量稳定性分析[J].华北农学报,2008,23(10):156-161.WANG Yan-qiu,ZOU Jian-qiu,HUANG Rui-dong,et al.(2008). Analysis on Yield Stability of Forage Sorghum Hybrid[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,23(10):156-161.(in Chinese)
[8]Dien,B. S.,Sarath,G.,Pedersen,J. F.,Sattler,S. E.,Chen,H.,&Funnell-Harris,D. L.,et al.(2009). Improved sugar conversion and ethanol yield for forage sorghum(sorghum bicolorl. moench)lines with reduced lignin contents.Bioenergy Research,2(3):153-164.
[9]Qu,H.,Liu,X. B.,Dong,C. F.,Lu,X. Y.,&Shen,Y.X.(2014). Field performance and nutritive value of sweet sorghum in eastern china. Field Crops Research,157:84-88.
[10]平俊爱,张福耀,杜志宏,等.'晋牧1号'高丹草的选育及其特征特性研究[J].草地学报,2015,23(6):1 233-1 238.PING Jun-ai,ZHANG Fu-yao,DU Zhi-hong,et al.(2015). Breeding and characteristic of sorghum biocolor XS. sudanense'jinmu 1'[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,23(6):1,233-1,238.(in Chinese)
[11]王兆木,涂振东,贾东海.新疆甜高粱开发利用研究[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(1):50-54.WANG Zhao-mu,TU Zhen-dong,JIA Dong-hai.(2007).The Development and Utilization of Sugar Sorghum in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,44(1):50-54.(in Chinese)
[12]冯国郡,叶凯,涂振东,等.甜高粱主要农艺性状相关性和主成分分析[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(8):1 552-1556.FENG Guo-jun,YE Kai,TU Zhen-dong,et al.(2010). Analysis on Correlation and Principal Component of Major Agronomic Trait of Sweet Sorghum[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(8):1,552-1,556.(in Chinese)
[13]宁正祥.食品成分分析手册[K].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:54-89.NING Zheng-xiang.(2001). Food ingredient analysis manual[K]. Beijing:China Light Industry Press:54-89.(in Chinese)
[14]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG Li-ying.(2003). Feed analysis and feed quality testing technology(2nd Ed.)[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural University Press.(in Chinese)
[15]张旭东,张勇,周皓,等.喀什地区饲草高粱栽培技术[J].农村科技,2014,(5):70-71.ZHANG Xu-dong, ZHANG Yong, ZHOU Hao, et al.(2014). Cultivation techniques of Forage Sorghum in Kashi[J].Rural Science&Technology,(5):70-71.(in Chinese)
[16]哈斯亚提·托逊江,哈丽代·热合木江,阿不力克木·买买提,等.不同玉米及饲用甜高粱复播试验[J].草食家畜,2013,(5):48-50.Hasiyati Tuoxunjiang,Halidai Rehemujiang,Abulikemu Maimaiti,et al.(2013). Multiple Cropping Test of Different Maize Varieties and Feeding Sweet Sorghum[J]. Grass-Feeding Livestock,(5):48-50.(in Chinese)
[17]魏玉强.阿克苏地区甜高粱品种比较试验总结[J].新疆农业科技,2010,(2):20-21.WEI Yu-qiang.(2010). A comparative test of sweet sorghum varieties in Akesu Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):20-21.
[18]艾买尔江·吾斯曼,吐热依夏木·依米体,吴全忠.甜高粱在新疆生态条件下的适应性研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2011,34(1):16-18.Aimaierjiang. Wusiman,Tureyixiamu Yimiti, WU Chuanzhong.(2011). Study on the adaptability of sweet sorghum under the ecological conditions of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science&Technology,34(1):16-18.(in Chinese)
[19]冯国郡,叶凯,涂振东.时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响及分析[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(2):285-290.FENG Guo-jun,YE Kai,TU Zhen-dong.(2010). Effects of Different Spatial Variances on Agronomic Character of Sweet Sorghum and Its Analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(2):285-290.(in Chinese)
[20]郭彦军,尹亚丽,张健,等.施肥对甜高粱产量及茎叶养分质量分数的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(10):21-26.GUO Yan-jun,YI Ya-li,ZHANG Jian,et al.(2011).Effects of fertilization on yield and nutrient concentration in the stem and the leaves of Sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),33(10):21-26.(in Chinese)
[21]郑庆福,杨恒山,赵兰坡.刈割次数对杂交甜高粱草产量及品质的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(2):76-79.ZHENG Qing-fu,YANG Heng-shan,ZHAO Lan-po.(2009). Effects of clipping frequency on yield and quality of hybrid sweet sorghum[J]. Pratacultural Science,26(2):76-79.(in Chinese)