气候智慧型农业在我国的实践探索
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摘要
[目的]掌握气候智慧型主要粮食作物项目在我国开展情况,系统梳理其作为气候智慧型农业试点在实施中存在的问题,充分借鉴国际经验提出促进气候智慧型农业在我国发展的政策建议。[方法]文章通过对安徽、河南两个项目区实地调研,与各级项目办、团队专家、农业企业及参与农户等进行深度访谈和会议研讨,获得了气候智慧型农业试点详细材料,在此基础上系统定性阐释其发展概况、存在问题,归纳意见建议。[结果]气候智慧型农业试点在两个项目区进行务实探索,取得了减排固碳、节水灌溉、新理念新技术推广、种植模式创新等方面的丰富成果,也存在操作难度大,组织协调难,农民参与积极性弱等问题。[结论]气候智慧型农业试点取得较好成绩的同时,也面临着项目管理等方面的诸多压力,需要加大乡村振兴战略下的农业合作,突出农民主体地位和完善合作机制等方面继续努力,以更好促进气候智慧型农业在我国示范推广。
In order to grasp the condition of Climate-Smart main food crops in China,systematically find out the problems existing in the pilot project of Climate-Smart Agriculture( CSA),and explore the policies for promoting the development of CSA. We had done in-depth investigations on two project areas in Anhui and Henan,interviewed with project officers,team experts,agricultural enterprises and participating farmers at all levels,and obtained detailed materials for pilot of CSA. Based on those survey,we had comprehensive qualitative analyzed the development of CSA and found out reasonable suggestions. The results showed that CSA had been smoothly implemented in two project areas and achieved rich consequences in emission reduction and carbon sequestration,watersaving irrigation,new ideas and new technology promotion,planting mode innovation and so on. However,it was also facing difficulties such as hard to operate in some items,inefficient to organize,passionless for farmers to participate and so on. In conclusion,CSA pilot had achieved great progress in spite of facing pressures of management and so on. It is necessary to cooperate with native agricultural project under the rural revitalization strategy,highlight the peasant's benefit and strengthen cooperation to promote the application of CSA in China.
In order to grasp the condition of Climate-Smart main food crops in China,systematically find out the problems existing in the pilot project of Climate-Smart Agriculture( CSA),and explore the policies for promoting the development of CSA. We had done in-depth investigations on two project areas in Anhui and Henan,interviewed with project officers,team experts,agricultural enterprises and participating farmers at all levels,and obtained detailed materials for pilot of CSA. Based on those survey,we had comprehensive qualitative analyzed the development of CSA and found out reasonable suggestions. The results showed that CSA had been smoothly implemented in two project areas and achieved rich consequences in emission reduction and carbon sequestration,watersaving irrigation,new ideas and new technology promotion,planting mode innovation and so on. However,it was also facing difficulties such as hard to operate in some items,inefficient to organize,passionless for farmers to participate and so on. In conclusion,CSA pilot had achieved great progress in spite of facing pressures of management and so on. It is necessary to cooperate with native agricultural project under the rural revitalization strategy,highlight the peasant's benefit and strengthen cooperation to promote the application of CSA in China.
引文
[1]黄季焜,新时期的中国农业发展:机遇、挑战和战略选择.中国科学院院刊,2013,28(3):295-300.
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[8]佚名.气候智慧型农业一种“更新”理念的农业发展模式.智库时代,2017(3):11-12.
[9]管大海,张俊,王卿梅,等.气候智慧型农业及其对我国农业发展的启示.中国农业科技导报,2017,19(10):7-13.
[10]索荣.“气候智慧型农业”的尝试.农资导报,2014-11-14(C01).
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[12]何昌垂.推动发展气候智慧型农业.农民日报,2013-07-30(003)
[13]张卫建.气候智慧型农业将成为农业发展新方向.中国农村科技,2014(4):14.
[14]彭云.探索气候智慧型农业.高科技与产业化,2015(7):52-55.
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[17] Long T B,Blok V,Coninx I. Barriers to the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations for climate-smart agriculture in Europe:evidence from the Netherlands,France,Switzerland and Italy. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,112:9-21.
[18] Siminski A,dos Santos K L,Wendt J G N. Rescuing agroforestry as strategy for agriculture in Southern Brazil. Journal of forestry research,2016,27(4):739-746.
[19] Negra C,Vermeulen S,Barioni L G,et al. Brazil,Ethiopia,and New Zealand lead the way on climate-smart agriculture. Agriculture&Food Security,2014,3(1):19.
[20] Bogdanski A. Integrated food-energy systems for climate-smart agriculture. Agriculture&Food Security,2012,1(1):9.
[21]谷瑶,朱永杰,姜微.农林复合系统生态服务功能研究综述.热带农业科学,2015,35(10):57-63.
[22]卓乐,曾福生.发达国家及中国台湾地区休耕制度对中国大陆实施休耕制度的启示.世界农业,2016(9):80-85.
[23] Bhatt R,Kukal S S. Direct seeded rice in South Asia//Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Springer,Cham,2015:217-252.
[24] Jat M L,Dagar J C,Sapkota T B,et al. Climate change and agriculture:adaptation strategies and mitigation opportunities for food security in South Asia and Latin America[M]//Advances in agronomy. Academic Press,2016,137:127-235.
[25] Khatri-Chhetri A,Aryal J P,Sapkota T B,et al. Economic benefits of climate-smart agricultural practices to smallholder farmers in the IndoGangetic Plains of India. 2016.
[26] Grace P R,Harrington L,Jain M,et al. Long-term sustainability of the tropical and subtropical Rice-Wheat system:An environmental perspective//Ladha,J K,Hill J E,Duxbury J M,et al. Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice Rice-Wheat system:Issues and impacts. ASA Special Publication,2003:65.
[27] Sikka A K,Islam A,Rao K V. Climate‐Smart land and Water Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage,2018,67(1):72-81.
[28] Lafarge T,Julia C,Ahmadi N,et al. Rice adaptation strategies in response to heat stress at flowering//Climate Change and Agriculture Worldwide. Springer,Dordrecht,2016:31-43.
[29] Murungweni C,Van Wijk M T,Smaling E M A,et al. Climate-smart crop production in semi-arid areas through increased knowledge of varieties,environment and management factors. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2016,105(3):183-197.
[30] Kipkoech A K,Tambi E,Bangali S. State of Knowledge on CSa in Africa,Case Studies from Ethiopia,Kenya and Uganda Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa,Accra,Ghana. FARA report,2015.
[31] Partey S T,ZougmoréR B,Ouédraogo M,et al. Developing climate-smart agriculture to face climate variability in West Africa:challenges and lessons learnt. Journal of cleaner Production,2018,187:285-295.
[32]王洁蓉,何蒲明.粮食主产区利益补偿对粮食安全的影响研究.农业经济,2017(2):10-12.
[33]王一杰,辛岭,胡志全,等.我国小麦生产、消费和贸易的现状分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(5):36-45.
[34] Timsina J,Connor D J. Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems:issues and challenges. Field crops research,2001,69(2):93-132.
[35]章秀福,王丹英.我国稻—麦两熟种植制度的创新与发展.中国稻米,2003(2):3-5.
[36]杨建昌,杜永,刘辉.长江下游稻麦周年超高产栽培途径与技术.中国农业科学,2008(6):1611-1621.
[37]靳红梅,沈明星,王海候,等.秸秆还田模式对稻麦两熟农田麦季CH4和N2O排放特征的影响.江苏农业学报,2017,33(2):333-339.
[38] Tangyuan N,bin H,Nianyuan J,et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil porosity in maize-wheat cropping system. Plant Soil Environ,2009,55(8):327-333.
[39]刘娇,刘举,苏瑞光,等.河南省小麦玉米生产现状、问题与对策.农学学报,2015,5(1):5-9.
[40]叶优良,杨素勤,黄玉芳,等.河南省小麦生产发展与展望.中国农学通报,2007(1):199-203.
[41]张新,王振华,张前进,等.河南省玉米育种现状、问题及对策.河南农业科学,2010(6):22-26.
[42]刘钦普.安徽省化肥面源污染环境风险分析.生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):876-881.
[43]廖人宽,杨培岭,任树梅.高吸水树脂保水剂提高肥效及减少农业面源污染.农业工程学报,2012,28(17):1-10.
[44]吴传钧.因地制宜发挥优势逐步发展我国农业生产的地域专业化.地理学报,1981(4):349-357.
[2]黄国勤,新形势下中国农业可持续发展面临的几个问题.可持续发展研究,2011(1):34-35.
[3]王一杰,邸菲,辛岭.我国粮食主产区粮食生产现状、存在问题及政策建议.农业现代化研究,2018,39(1):37-47.
[4] Campbell,B. M,Thornton P,ZougmoréR,et al. Sustainable intensification:What is its role in climate smart agriculture?. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2014,8:39-43.
[5] Lipper L,Thornton P,Campbell B M,et al. Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature Climate Change,2014. 4(12):1068.
[6] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO),“Climate-Smart” Agriculture:Policies,Practices and Financing for Food Security,Adaptation and Mitigation[C]. Rome,Italy. 2010.
[7]管大海,张俊,郑成岩,等.国外气候智慧型农业发展概况与借鉴.世界农业,2017(4):23-28.
[8]佚名.气候智慧型农业一种“更新”理念的农业发展模式.智库时代,2017(3):11-12.
[9]管大海,张俊,王卿梅,等.气候智慧型农业及其对我国农业发展的启示.中国农业科技导报,2017,19(10):7-13.
[10]索荣.“气候智慧型农业”的尝试.农资导报,2014-11-14(C01).
[11]李秀香,赵越,简如洁.我国“气候智能型”农业及贸易发展研究.当代财经,2011(7):92-100.
[12]何昌垂.推动发展气候智慧型农业.农民日报,2013-07-30(003)
[13]张卫建.气候智慧型农业将成为农业发展新方向.中国农村科技,2014(4):14.
[14]彭云.探索气候智慧型农业.高科技与产业化,2015(7):52-55.
[15] Ross K. Preparing for an uncertain future with climate smart agriculture. California Agriculture,2016,70(1):4-5.
[16]胡璇子.机遇与挑战并存中国发展气候智慧型农业.粮油市场报,2014-11-11(A02).
[17] Long T B,Blok V,Coninx I. Barriers to the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations for climate-smart agriculture in Europe:evidence from the Netherlands,France,Switzerland and Italy. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,112:9-21.
[18] Siminski A,dos Santos K L,Wendt J G N. Rescuing agroforestry as strategy for agriculture in Southern Brazil. Journal of forestry research,2016,27(4):739-746.
[19] Negra C,Vermeulen S,Barioni L G,et al. Brazil,Ethiopia,and New Zealand lead the way on climate-smart agriculture. Agriculture&Food Security,2014,3(1):19.
[20] Bogdanski A. Integrated food-energy systems for climate-smart agriculture. Agriculture&Food Security,2012,1(1):9.
[21]谷瑶,朱永杰,姜微.农林复合系统生态服务功能研究综述.热带农业科学,2015,35(10):57-63.
[22]卓乐,曾福生.发达国家及中国台湾地区休耕制度对中国大陆实施休耕制度的启示.世界农业,2016(9):80-85.
[23] Bhatt R,Kukal S S. Direct seeded rice in South Asia//Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Springer,Cham,2015:217-252.
[24] Jat M L,Dagar J C,Sapkota T B,et al. Climate change and agriculture:adaptation strategies and mitigation opportunities for food security in South Asia and Latin America[M]//Advances in agronomy. Academic Press,2016,137:127-235.
[25] Khatri-Chhetri A,Aryal J P,Sapkota T B,et al. Economic benefits of climate-smart agricultural practices to smallholder farmers in the IndoGangetic Plains of India. 2016.
[26] Grace P R,Harrington L,Jain M,et al. Long-term sustainability of the tropical and subtropical Rice-Wheat system:An environmental perspective//Ladha,J K,Hill J E,Duxbury J M,et al. Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice Rice-Wheat system:Issues and impacts. ASA Special Publication,2003:65.
[27] Sikka A K,Islam A,Rao K V. Climate‐Smart land and Water Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage,2018,67(1):72-81.
[28] Lafarge T,Julia C,Ahmadi N,et al. Rice adaptation strategies in response to heat stress at flowering//Climate Change and Agriculture Worldwide. Springer,Dordrecht,2016:31-43.
[29] Murungweni C,Van Wijk M T,Smaling E M A,et al. Climate-smart crop production in semi-arid areas through increased knowledge of varieties,environment and management factors. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2016,105(3):183-197.
[30] Kipkoech A K,Tambi E,Bangali S. State of Knowledge on CSa in Africa,Case Studies from Ethiopia,Kenya and Uganda Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa,Accra,Ghana. FARA report,2015.
[31] Partey S T,ZougmoréR B,Ouédraogo M,et al. Developing climate-smart agriculture to face climate variability in West Africa:challenges and lessons learnt. Journal of cleaner Production,2018,187:285-295.
[32]王洁蓉,何蒲明.粮食主产区利益补偿对粮食安全的影响研究.农业经济,2017(2):10-12.
[33]王一杰,辛岭,胡志全,等.我国小麦生产、消费和贸易的现状分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(5):36-45.
[34] Timsina J,Connor D J. Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems:issues and challenges. Field crops research,2001,69(2):93-132.
[35]章秀福,王丹英.我国稻—麦两熟种植制度的创新与发展.中国稻米,2003(2):3-5.
[36]杨建昌,杜永,刘辉.长江下游稻麦周年超高产栽培途径与技术.中国农业科学,2008(6):1611-1621.
[37]靳红梅,沈明星,王海候,等.秸秆还田模式对稻麦两熟农田麦季CH4和N2O排放特征的影响.江苏农业学报,2017,33(2):333-339.
[38] Tangyuan N,bin H,Nianyuan J,et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil porosity in maize-wheat cropping system. Plant Soil Environ,2009,55(8):327-333.
[39]刘娇,刘举,苏瑞光,等.河南省小麦玉米生产现状、问题与对策.农学学报,2015,5(1):5-9.
[40]叶优良,杨素勤,黄玉芳,等.河南省小麦生产发展与展望.中国农学通报,2007(1):199-203.
[41]张新,王振华,张前进,等.河南省玉米育种现状、问题及对策.河南农业科学,2010(6):22-26.
[42]刘钦普.安徽省化肥面源污染环境风险分析.生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):876-881.
[43]廖人宽,杨培岭,任树梅.高吸水树脂保水剂提高肥效及减少农业面源污染.农业工程学报,2012,28(17):1-10.
[44]吴传钧.因地制宜发挥优势逐步发展我国农业生产的地域专业化.地理学报,1981(4):349-357.