永安市园林植物区系特征及抗寒性分析
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摘要
基于物种组成层面,分析永安园林物种组成问题,并利用现存资料,提出相应的优化建议,旨为提高永安园林品质提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)共记录178种园林植物隶属63科125属,其中蕨类植物3科3属3种;裸子植物7科12属17种;双子叶植物45科78属111种;单子叶植物8科32属47种。(2)永安市园林植物有较多的单科单种应用,应用种数较多的科为百合科、棕榈科、蔷薇科、木兰科、山茶科、木犀科等。(3)南山公园物种数最高,有129种隶属95属52科,龟山公园次之,江滨公园最低。(4)属地理分布表明永安市园林植物热带区系性质明显,R/T值为1.56,中国特有分布属较少。(5)冻害调查表明,永安市园林植物受冻率为37.08%,重度受冻率为14.61%,其中南山公园植物重度受冻率最高,为17.05%。(6)重度受冻植物属地理分布均为热带分布,多为外来常绿被子植物,可为园林植物引种选择提供思路。本研究表明永安市园林植物组成乡土树种、彩化树种、藤本植物、特有植物,使用率偏低,抗寒性有待提高,有较大的优化空间。
The species composition of the garden plants in Yong'an City,was analyzed and using the existing data,the optimum composition of garden plants was obtained. The results indicated:( 1) a total of 178 species of garden plants were recorded which belong to 125 genera and 63 families including 3 species in 3genera and 3 families of ferns,17 species in 12 genera and 7 families of gymnosperm,111 species in 75 genera and 45 families of dicotyledon,and 47 species in 32 genera and 8 families of monocotyledon;( 2) a relatively large number of single-species-single-family garden plants were found in Yong'an Park; the frequently used families are Lilyaceae,Palmaceae,Rosaceae,Magnoliaceae,Theaceae,Oleaceae;( 3) South Mountain Park had the largest number of species,amounting to 129 species in 95 genera and 52 families,followed by Guishan Park and Riverside Park had the smallest number;( 4) tropical components were the main distribution types,the R /T value was 1.56 while the types endemic to China were relatively less;( 5) cold damage survey showed that Yong'An garden plants had a cold damage rate of 37.08% and a severe cold damage rate of 14.61%; Nanshan Park had the highest severe cold damage rate of 17. 05%;( 6) the properties of the species with severe cold damage suggested that the exotic evergreen tropical species were easier to be attacked by cold stress and this fact would be helpful to the selection of garden species.The study discovered that the proportions of native species,colorful species,vine species,endemic species were small,ability of cold tolerance needed enhancement.Some measures are suggested for the optimization of the garden species composition in Yong'an City.
The species composition of the garden plants in Yong'an City,was analyzed and using the existing data,the optimum composition of garden plants was obtained. The results indicated:( 1) a total of 178 species of garden plants were recorded which belong to 125 genera and 63 families including 3 species in 3genera and 3 families of ferns,17 species in 12 genera and 7 families of gymnosperm,111 species in 75 genera and 45 families of dicotyledon,and 47 species in 32 genera and 8 families of monocotyledon;( 2) a relatively large number of single-species-single-family garden plants were found in Yong'an Park; the frequently used families are Lilyaceae,Palmaceae,Rosaceae,Magnoliaceae,Theaceae,Oleaceae;( 3) South Mountain Park had the largest number of species,amounting to 129 species in 95 genera and 52 families,followed by Guishan Park and Riverside Park had the smallest number;( 4) tropical components were the main distribution types,the R /T value was 1.56 while the types endemic to China were relatively less;( 5) cold damage survey showed that Yong'An garden plants had a cold damage rate of 37.08% and a severe cold damage rate of 14.61%; Nanshan Park had the highest severe cold damage rate of 17. 05%;( 6) the properties of the species with severe cold damage suggested that the exotic evergreen tropical species were easier to be attacked by cold stress and this fact would be helpful to the selection of garden species.The study discovered that the proportions of native species,colorful species,vine species,endemic species were small,ability of cold tolerance needed enhancement.Some measures are suggested for the optimization of the garden species composition in Yong'an City.
引文
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[10]吴继林.大湖竹种园丛生竹种的收集及其耐寒性评价研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2008,27(1):19-26.Wu J L.Collection of sympodial bamboos and evaluation of their cold resistance in Dahu bamboo garden[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2008,27(1):19-26.
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[12]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型专辑[J].云南植物研究,1991(4):1-139.Wu Z Y.Genera distribution of Chinese seed plants[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,1991(4):1-139.
[13]曾麟祥.福建百年,五十年一遇两次极端低温对树木冻害的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):10-14.Zeng L X.Investigation on the freeze-damaged trees by twice uttermost microtherm encountered once in one hundred or fifty years in Fujian[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2002,10(2):10-14.
[14]张文娟,姚云峰,李钢铁,等.五种植物抗寒性的比较研究[J].广西植物,2009,29(2):269-271.Zhang W J,Yao Y F,Li G T,et al.Comparative experimental studies for cold resistance of five plant species[J].Guhaia,2009,29(2):269-271.
[15]李海涛,梁涛,朱璐平,等.中国沙棘在中国亚热带低海拔地区引种驯化试验的初步观察[J].中国农学通,2011,27(16):65-69.Li H T,Liang T,Zhu L P,et al.Preliminary observation on the introduction and breeding of Chinese sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnnoides)in subtropical low altitude areas of China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(16):65-69.
[16]黄庆生.永安市城市绿地系统景观生态规划[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.Huang Q S.Study on the landscape ecological planning of urban greenland system of Yongan City[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2007.
[17]陈瑞炎.福建永安植物资源特点、现状及保护利用[J].亚热带植物科学,2002,31(1):47-51.Chen R Y.Plant resources and its protection and utilization in Yong'an,Fujian[J].Subtropical Plant Science,2002,31(1):47-51.
[18]吴妙丽.天宝岩野生观花植物资源及评价[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.Wu M L.Resources and evaluation of wild ornamental flowering plants in tianbaoyan nature reserve[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2010.
[2]田朝阳,田国行.河南野生常绿阔叶木本植物的区系和多样性以及园林应用前景[J].中国园林,2012,28(3):102-104.Tian C Y,Tian G X.Prospect on the flora,biodiversity and landscape application of wild evergreen broad-leaved woody plants in Henan[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2012,28(3):102-104.
[3]马丹炜,王文国,张翔,等.成都市园林种子植物科的分布区类型初探[J].广西植物,2006,26(4):441-443,458.Ma D W,Wang W G,Zhang X,et al.Preliminary study of the areal types of families on garden seed plants in Chengdu[J].Guihaia,2006,26(4):441-443,458.
[4]朱建华,黄江流,罗木林,等.龙眼叶片冻害症状及细胞超微结构变化[J].广西植物,2008,28(5):589-591.Zhu J H,Huang J L,Luo M L,et al.Frosted symptom and ultrastructural changes of longan leaf[J].Guihaia,2008,28(5):589-591.
[5]Krause B,Farina A.Using ecoacoustic methods to survey the impacts of climate change on biodiversity[J].Biological Conservation,2016,195:245-254.
[6]吴广霞,唐献龙,杨德光,等.植物低温胁迫生理研究进展[J].作物杂志,2008(3):17-19.Wu G X,Tang X L,Yang D G,et al.Research progress on physiology of plant cold hardiness[J].Crops,2008(3):17-19.
[7]王艳,方建勇.彩叶植物在杭州园林中的配置应用[J].中国园林,2008,24(7):73-80.Wang Y,Fang J Y.The colored-leaf plants and landscape of Hangzhou[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2008,24(7):73-80.
[8]包满珠.我国城市植物多样性及园林植物规划构想[J].中国园林,2008,24(7):1-3.Bao M Z.On urban bio-diversity and landscape plants planning in China[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2008,24(7):1-3.
[9]何建顺,宋希强.新加坡热带园林植物景观设计初探[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):216-220.He J S,Song X Q.Preliminary study of tropical plants landscape design of singapore[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(19):216-220.
[10]吴继林.大湖竹种园丛生竹种的收集及其耐寒性评价研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2008,27(1):19-26.Wu J L.Collection of sympodial bamboos and evaluation of their cold resistance in Dahu bamboo garden[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2008,27(1):19-26.
[11]郑燕萍.永安生态园林城市建设研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.Zheng Y P.A study on the construction of ecological garden city of Yongan[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2007.
[12]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型专辑[J].云南植物研究,1991(4):1-139.Wu Z Y.Genera distribution of Chinese seed plants[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,1991(4):1-139.
[13]曾麟祥.福建百年,五十年一遇两次极端低温对树木冻害的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):10-14.Zeng L X.Investigation on the freeze-damaged trees by twice uttermost microtherm encountered once in one hundred or fifty years in Fujian[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2002,10(2):10-14.
[14]张文娟,姚云峰,李钢铁,等.五种植物抗寒性的比较研究[J].广西植物,2009,29(2):269-271.Zhang W J,Yao Y F,Li G T,et al.Comparative experimental studies for cold resistance of five plant species[J].Guhaia,2009,29(2):269-271.
[15]李海涛,梁涛,朱璐平,等.中国沙棘在中国亚热带低海拔地区引种驯化试验的初步观察[J].中国农学通,2011,27(16):65-69.Li H T,Liang T,Zhu L P,et al.Preliminary observation on the introduction and breeding of Chinese sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnnoides)in subtropical low altitude areas of China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(16):65-69.
[16]黄庆生.永安市城市绿地系统景观生态规划[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.Huang Q S.Study on the landscape ecological planning of urban greenland system of Yongan City[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2007.
[17]陈瑞炎.福建永安植物资源特点、现状及保护利用[J].亚热带植物科学,2002,31(1):47-51.Chen R Y.Plant resources and its protection and utilization in Yong'an,Fujian[J].Subtropical Plant Science,2002,31(1):47-51.
[18]吴妙丽.天宝岩野生观花植物资源及评价[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.Wu M L.Resources and evaluation of wild ornamental flowering plants in tianbaoyan nature reserve[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2010.