山西某有色金属矿区下游土壤重金属超标评价
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摘要
为了解山西某有色金属矿区下游土壤重金属超标状况,进行土壤重金属污染调查及相关项目立项工作,采样化验了土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb这4种元素的含量,并用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法等对重金属元素超标程度进行了评价。结果表明,土壤试样中Cd含量均高于筛选值,Hg含量中3号、4号、5号试样超过筛选值,As、Pb含量仅3号试样超过筛选值,推测土壤生态环境可能存在风险;几种评价方法的评价结果显示,Cd元素为偏重(很强)污染;Hg元素为严重(很强)污染;As元素为尚清洁(轻度)污染;Pb元素为偏重(轻度)污染。内梅罗综合污染指数显示,随着采样位置与矿山距离的增加,P_n值呈下降趋势,符合金属迁移的一般规律,其中,Cd元素对P_n值贡献最大;研究区的土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数RI值为172.69,污染程度为中等。通过分析认为,Cd元素的潜在生态风险很大,为该区农田中超过筛选值最多的元素,推测土壤对农产品质量安全、农作物生长或土壤生态环境可能存在风险。
To get to know the over-standard status of heavy metals in soils at the downstream of a nonferrous metal mining area in Shanxi province and carrying out the soil heavy metal pollution investigation and applied for the related project initiation, the contents of Cd, Hg, As and Pb elements in the soil were sampled and tested, and the single-factor index method, Nemerow index method,geoaccumulation index method as well as the potential ecological risk assessment method were utilized to evaluate the degree of excess metal elements. The results showed that the content of Cd in soil samples was higher than that of screening value, only the Hg content in sample 3, 4 and 5 exceeded the screening value, only the content of As and Pb in sample 3 exceeded the screening value. Thus, it was speculated that there might be risks in soil ecological environment. The evaluation result with several evaluation methods was basically consistent showing that Cd and Hg were seriously polluted, and As and Pb were mildly polluted. The evaluation of Nemerow index indicated that the P_n value decreased with the increase of sampling position and mine distance, which conformd to the general lawof metal migration, and in which Cd factor contributed the most to P_n value. The potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metals namely RI in the study area was 172.69, and the degree of pollution was medium. Through the analysis, the poential ecological risk of heavy metal Cd was very large, which was the most important element of farmland soil content in this area, it was speculated that the soil might have risks to the quality and safety of agricultural products, crop growth or soil ecological environment.
To get to know the over-standard status of heavy metals in soils at the downstream of a nonferrous metal mining area in Shanxi province and carrying out the soil heavy metal pollution investigation and applied for the related project initiation, the contents of Cd, Hg, As and Pb elements in the soil were sampled and tested, and the single-factor index method, Nemerow index method,geoaccumulation index method as well as the potential ecological risk assessment method were utilized to evaluate the degree of excess metal elements. The results showed that the content of Cd in soil samples was higher than that of screening value, only the Hg content in sample 3, 4 and 5 exceeded the screening value, only the content of As and Pb in sample 3 exceeded the screening value. Thus, it was speculated that there might be risks in soil ecological environment. The evaluation result with several evaluation methods was basically consistent showing that Cd and Hg were seriously polluted, and As and Pb were mildly polluted. The evaluation of Nemerow index indicated that the P_n value decreased with the increase of sampling position and mine distance, which conformd to the general lawof metal migration, and in which Cd factor contributed the most to P_n value. The potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metals namely RI in the study area was 172.69, and the degree of pollution was medium. Through the analysis, the poential ecological risk of heavy metal Cd was very large, which was the most important element of farmland soil content in this area, it was speculated that the soil might have risks to the quality and safety of agricultural products, crop growth or soil ecological environment.
引文
[1]李东艳,庞少鹏,徐心远.煤矸石山周围农田土壤重金属形态分布及风险评价[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):722-729.
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[5]李鹏,张波,王玮,等.中国主要城市土壤重金属污染状况及风险评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):88-90.
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[7]曹雪莹,张莎娜,谭长银,等.中南大型有色金属冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].土壤,2015,47(1):94-99.
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[9]张永康,曹耀华,高照国,等.某铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2015(8):74-78.
[10]何厅厅,赵艳玲,王亚云,等.矿区农田土壤重金属的空间变异:以陕西省某金矿区为例[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(10):190-193.
[11]郭朝晖,涂卫佳,彭驰.典型铅锌矿区河流沿岸农田土壤重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,36(10):2029-2038.
[12]徐琪,龚甲桂,宋德东,等.金川矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2018,70(2):88-93.
[13]史崇文,赵玲芝,郭新波.山西土壤元素背景值及其特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1994,9(2):188-196.
[14]贾莲,刘盼盼,吕琳琳,等.鞍山某铁矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].矿产保护与利用,2018(4):118-123.
[15]薛志斌,李玲,张少凯,等.内梅罗指数法和复合指数法在土壤重金属污染风险评估中的对比研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):119-125.
[16]韩术鑫,王利红,赵长盛.内梅罗指数法在环境质量评价中的适用性与修正原则[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(10):2153-2160.
[17]柴世伟,温琰茂,张亚雷,等.地累积指数法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(12):1657-1661.
[18]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[19]苏耀明,陈志良,雷国建,等.多金属矿区土壤重金属垂向污染特征及风险评估[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):130-134.
[20]滑小赞,程滨,赵瑞芬,等.太原市城郊菜地土壤和蔬菜重金属含量特征及健康风险评价[J].山西农业科学,2019,47(1):82-87.
[2]张小敏,张秀英,钟太洋.中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):692-703.
[3]郭玲.土壤重金属污染的危害以及防治措施[J].中国资源综合利用,2018,36(1):122-124.
[4]曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):186-194.
[5]李鹏,张波,王玮,等.中国主要城市土壤重金属污染状况及风险评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):88-90.
[6]张东明,吕新,王海江,等.工业区周边农田重金属污染评价及来源分析[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):715-723.
[7]曹雪莹,张莎娜,谭长银,等.中南大型有色金属冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].土壤,2015,47(1):94-99.
[8]黎秋君,冯增赞,宁晓君,等.广西矿区重金属污染研究现状与对策分析[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(10):53-55.
[9]张永康,曹耀华,高照国,等.某铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2015(8):74-78.
[10]何厅厅,赵艳玲,王亚云,等.矿区农田土壤重金属的空间变异:以陕西省某金矿区为例[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(10):190-193.
[11]郭朝晖,涂卫佳,彭驰.典型铅锌矿区河流沿岸农田土壤重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,36(10):2029-2038.
[12]徐琪,龚甲桂,宋德东,等.金川矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2018,70(2):88-93.
[13]史崇文,赵玲芝,郭新波.山西土壤元素背景值及其特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1994,9(2):188-196.
[14]贾莲,刘盼盼,吕琳琳,等.鞍山某铁矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].矿产保护与利用,2018(4):118-123.
[15]薛志斌,李玲,张少凯,等.内梅罗指数法和复合指数法在土壤重金属污染风险评估中的对比研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):119-125.
[16]韩术鑫,王利红,赵长盛.内梅罗指数法在环境质量评价中的适用性与修正原则[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(10):2153-2160.
[17]柴世伟,温琰茂,张亚雷,等.地累积指数法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(12):1657-1661.
[18]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[19]苏耀明,陈志良,雷国建,等.多金属矿区土壤重金属垂向污染特征及风险评估[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):130-134.
[20]滑小赞,程滨,赵瑞芬,等.太原市城郊菜地土壤和蔬菜重金属含量特征及健康风险评价[J].山西农业科学,2019,47(1):82-87.