柔性翼飞行器现状及关键技术分析
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摘要
柔性翼飞行器由柔性翼衍生而来,根据其机翼类型不同可分为充气式和伞翼式。为了研究两类飞行器在工程应用中的实现难度与成本代价,在充分调研两类飞行器的发展及现状的基础上,详细分析了两类飞行器设计过程和工程实现过程,梳理了多个型号柔性翼飞行器的重要技术指标,并根据制作工艺及应用情况提炼了两类飞行器在翼面材料、充气与控制方面等影响柔性翼性能的关键技术。并从工作原理、实现难度及效费比等对比分析了两类柔性翼飞行器的优缺点,指出充气式飞行器由于翼面材料、充气系统及密封性要求,设计难度与实现难度大,但充气环节迅速且稳定;而伞翼式飞行器由于伞绳传递控制,控制精度及执行效率较充气式低。最后归纳总结了两类飞行器的特点,对柔性翼飞行器的工程设计及工程研制提供了参考。
The flexible-wing aircraft derives from flexible wing. It can be classified into inflatable and parafoil based on the style of its wing. In order to research the implementation difficulty and cost price of the two kinds of flexible aircraft in the engineering application, the process of design and engineering implementation are analyzed on the basis of the review of development status of the two kinds of flexible aircraft. The important technical indexes of the flexible aircraft are given. According to the production process and application situation, the critical techniques, such as wing surface material, inflation and control that affect the flexible wing are figured out. Simultaneously the merits and drawbacks of each kind of the aircraft are compared and analyzed in aspects of working principle, realization and effectiveness-cost ratio. It is suggested that although inflatable aircraft is more difficult to design and realize for its high requirement for wing surface material, inflating system and sealing, the inflating process is rapid and stable. The parafoil aircraft is worse in control precision and efficiency for its suspension line transference control. Finally, the characters of both kinds of the aircraft are concluded to provide reference for the design and development of the flexible wing aircraft.
The flexible-wing aircraft derives from flexible wing. It can be classified into inflatable and parafoil based on the style of its wing. In order to research the implementation difficulty and cost price of the two kinds of flexible aircraft in the engineering application, the process of design and engineering implementation are analyzed on the basis of the review of development status of the two kinds of flexible aircraft. The important technical indexes of the flexible aircraft are given. According to the production process and application situation, the critical techniques, such as wing surface material, inflation and control that affect the flexible wing are figured out. Simultaneously the merits and drawbacks of each kind of the aircraft are compared and analyzed in aspects of working principle, realization and effectiveness-cost ratio. It is suggested that although inflatable aircraft is more difficult to design and realize for its high requirement for wing surface material, inflating system and sealing, the inflating process is rapid and stable. The parafoil aircraft is worse in control precision and efficiency for its suspension line transference control. Finally, the characters of both kinds of the aircraft are concluded to provide reference for the design and development of the flexible wing aircraft.
引文
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[21]贺卫亮.利用风洞试验研究冲压翼伞的升阻特性[J].航空学报,1999,20(S):75-77.HE Weiliang.Study on Lift-drag Characteristic of Ram Air Parachute in Wind Tunnel[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,1999,20(S):75-77.(in Chinese)
[2]陈立立,李玲,郭正.充气机翼保形设计与气动特性分析[J].航空工程进展,2015,6(1):18-25.CHEN Lili,Li Ling,GUO Zheng.Conformality Design and Aerodynamic Analysis of Inflatable Wing[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2015,6(1):18-25.(in Chinese)
[3]李健.前缘切口对冲压式翼伞的气动力影响[J].航天返回与遥感,2005,26(1):36-41.LI Jian.The Aerodynamic Influence of the Cutter of the Front Edge of Parafoil[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2005,26(1):36-41.(in Chinese)
[4]陆方舟,司亮,马祥森.翼伞无人机设计技术研究[C]//第四届中国无人机大会.北京,2012:250-255.LU Fangzhou,SI Liang,MA Xiangsen.Research of Parawing’s Design[C]//China 4th UAV Show,Beijing,2012:250-255.(in Chinese)
[5]MURRAY J,PAHLE J,THORNTON S,et al.Ground and Flight Evaluation of a Small-scale Inflatable-winged Aircraft[R].AIAA 2002-0820,California:AIAA,2002.
[6]SMITH T,MCCOY E,KRASINSKI M,et al.Ballute and Parachute Decelerators for FASM/Quicklook UAV[R].AIAA2003-2142,California:AIAA,2003.
[7]GLEN B,ROY H,BROOK N.Inflatable Structures for Deployable Wings[R].AIAA 2001-2068,CA:AIAA,2001.
[8]SIMPSON A,JACOB J,SMITH S.Inflatable and Warpable Wings for Meso-scale UAVs[R].AIAA 2005-7161,Lexington KY:AIAA,2005.
[9]NORRIS R,PULLIAM W.Historical Perspective on Inflatable Wing Structures[R].AIAA 2009-2145,California:AIAA,2009.
[10]王涛.揭秘软体飞机[EB/OL].(2014-09-01).[2016-04-05].http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2014/09-01/6547-892.Shtml.WANG Tao.Disclose Inflatable Aircraft[EB/OL].(2014-09-01).[2016-04-05].http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2014/09-01/6547892.shtml.(in Chinese)
[11]朱亮亮,叶正寅.充气式机翼的通用设计方法[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2009,10(5):16-21.ZHU Liangliang,YE Zhengyin.The General Design Method of an Inflatable Wing[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University(Natural Science Edition),2009,10(5):16-21.(in Chinese)
[12]刘飞,贺卫亮.弯曲刚度对织物膜材褶皱特性影响仿真分析[J].计算机仿真,2015,32(4):95-100.LIU Fei,HE Weiliang.The Effect of Bending Stiffness on Fabric Membrane Wrinkle Analysis[J].Computer Simulation,2015,32(4):95-100.(in Chinese)
[13]吕强,叶正寅,李栋.充气结构机翼的设计和试验研究[J].飞行力学,2007,25(4):77-80.LV Qiang,YE Zhengyin,LI Dong.Design and Capability Analysis of an Aircraft with Inflatable Wing[J].Flight Dynamics,2007,25(4):77-80.(in Chinese)
[14]李鹏.TPU胶布及其在充气囊体材料中的应用[J].聚氨酯工业,2006,21(4):32-35.LI Peng.TPU Coated Fabric and Its Application in Inflatable Materials[J].Polyurethane Industry,2006,21(4):32-35.(in Chinese)
[15]蒋跃文,叶正寅,张正科.充气结构与流场的耦合求解方法[J].力学学报,2010,42(1):1-7.JIANG Yuewen,YE Zhengyin,ZHANG Zhengke.Coupling Solution Methods for Inflatable Structure and Fiuid[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2010,42(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]张锋,王海涛.欧美精确空投系统[J].兵工自动化,2007,26(6):L07-L08.ZHANG Feng,WANG Haitao.The Guided Parafoil Air Delivery System of Europe and America[J].Ordnance Industry Automation,2007,26(6):L07-L08.(in Chinese)
[17]中国科技网.通用型柔翼无人机[EB/OL].(2014-09-15).[2016-04-05].http://www.wokeji.com/special/uas-2014/show/201409/t20140915_817980.shtml.www.wokeji.com.General flexible UAV[EB/OL].(2014-09-15).[2016-04-05].http://www.wokeji.com/special/uas20-14/show/201409/t20140915_817980.shtml.(in Chinese)
[18]王强.世界军用无人机图鉴[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2014:225.WANG Qiang.World Military UAV[M].Beijing:Posts and Telecom Press,2014:225.(in Chinese)
[19]刘志扩.冲压翼伞优化设计的一般准则[C]//中国航空学会全国第六届安全救生学术交流会.江西,2002:142-149.LIU Zhikuo.General Criteria for Optimum Design of Parafoil[C]//The Sixth National Conference on Safety and Life Saving.Jiangxi,2002:142-149.(in Chinese)
[20]李国光,邓正才.冲压式翼伞开伞仿真计算[J].国防科技大学学报,1993,15(4):16-22.LI Guoguang,DENG Zhengcai.Simulation of Parafoil Opening[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,1993,15(4):16-22.(in Chinese)
[21]贺卫亮.利用风洞试验研究冲压翼伞的升阻特性[J].航空学报,1999,20(S):75-77.HE Weiliang.Study on Lift-drag Characteristic of Ram Air Parachute in Wind Tunnel[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,1999,20(S):75-77.(in Chinese)