基于电压斜率检测的风电系统扰动观测控制器研究
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摘要
在风速急剧变化时,为了及时捕捉风速变化的信息,提高风电系统的风能捕获效率,增强系统的动态稳定性,推导并利用风速变化与电压斜率之间的关系,将风速变化信息转换为电量信息进行反馈控制。在此基础上,提出一种基于电压斜率检测的改进型扰动观测控制器,通过实时比较电压斜率与阈值大小关系来判断风速变化情况,解决因风速急剧变化而导致传统爬山算法搜索方向误判的问题;控制器采用母线电压斜率补偿扰动量的方式,解决了传统最优转矩控制的输出参考转矩易受到系统惯量影响而产生偏差的问题。在仿真实际模型基础上,对研究的基于电压斜率检测机制的控制策略进行全面仿真研究。
To avoid oscillations of rotor speed at maximum power points(MPPs) in small PMSG and wrong searching directions for MPPs in high climbing searching(HCS) method due to the turbulence of wind speeds,a novel perturbance and observing controller based upon the DC-link voltage slope detection was proposed.It not only inherits the advantage of the variable-step HCS method so that MPP can be rapidly reached,but also introduces a mechanism for wind speed detection.Moreover,by applying the small-signal analysis on a nonlinear wind power generation system,the optimal torque control strategy was developed.Based on a detailed model of the wind energy conversion system,simulation studies were presented to verify the effectiveness and accuracies of the proposed control strategy.
To avoid oscillations of rotor speed at maximum power points(MPPs) in small PMSG and wrong searching directions for MPPs in high climbing searching(HCS) method due to the turbulence of wind speeds,a novel perturbance and observing controller based upon the DC-link voltage slope detection was proposed.It not only inherits the advantage of the variable-step HCS method so that MPP can be rapidly reached,but also introduces a mechanism for wind speed detection.Moreover,by applying the small-signal analysis on a nonlinear wind power generation system,the optimal torque control strategy was developed.Based on a detailed model of the wind energy conversion system,simulation studies were presented to verify the effectiveness and accuracies of the proposed control strategy.
引文
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[12] BILLY P,MUHANDO E,SENJYU T,et al.Gain-scheduled H ∞ control for WECS via LMI techniques and parametrically dependent feedback Part I:model development fundamentals[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58:48-56.
[13] 耿华,杨耕,周伟松.考虑风机动态的最大风能捕获策略[J].电力自动化设备,2009(10):107-111.
[14] 张小莲,李群,殷明慧,等.一种引入停止机制的改进爬山算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(14):128-134.
[15] 田宏,肖昌允,卫东.基于最优占空比的风力发电机MPPT方法研究[J].电源技术,2013(9):1661-1664,1671.
[2] 周连俊,殷明慧,周前,等.适应湍流风况变化的风能捕获量-载荷多目标优化最大功率点跟踪控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):64-71.
[3] ZHAO H,WU Q,RASMUSSEN C N,et al.Adaptive speed control of a small wind energy conversion system for maximum power point tracking[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29:576-584.
[4] KIM K H,VAN T L,LEE D C,et al.Maximum output power tracking control in variable-speed wind turbine systems considering rotor inertial power[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60:3207-3217.
[5] 郑明,李保宏,陆莹,等.海上风电场集群输电网可靠性分析[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(2):49-54.
[6] KOUTROULIS E,KALAITZAKIS K.Design of a maximum power tracking system for wind energy-conversion applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2006,53:486-494.
[7] 刘吉臻,孟洪民,胡阳.采用梯度估计的风力发电系统最优转矩最大功率点追踪效率优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(10):2367-2374.
[8] 夏成军,刘志江,杜兆斌.基于变目标控制的MMC-HVDC控制策略[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(3):7-13,54.
[9] CHEN J W,CHEN J,GONG C.New overall power control strategy for variable-speed fixed-pitch wind turbines within the whole wind velocity range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60:2652-2660.
[10] TAN K,ISLAM S.Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):392-399.
[11] 刘艳红,赵景隆.永磁直驱风力发电系统最大风能捕获滑模控制[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2016(4):1-5.
[12] BILLY P,MUHANDO E,SENJYU T,et al.Gain-scheduled H ∞ control for WECS via LMI techniques and parametrically dependent feedback Part I:model development fundamentals[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58:48-56.
[13] 耿华,杨耕,周伟松.考虑风机动态的最大风能捕获策略[J].电力自动化设备,2009(10):107-111.
[14] 张小莲,李群,殷明慧,等.一种引入停止机制的改进爬山算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(14):128-134.
[15] 田宏,肖昌允,卫东.基于最优占空比的风力发电机MPPT方法研究[J].电源技术,2013(9):1661-1664,1671.